原文標(biāo)題：
South Korea and net zero
Greenwashing in Seoul
A country that promised to lead on climate is lagging
韓國(guó)與凈零排放
首爾“綠色洗白”
一個(gè)承諾引領(lǐng)氣候變化的國(guó)家卻落后了

South Korea, having sworn to lead the green transition, is holding it up
The country has given its polluting industries even longer to cut their emissions
韓國(guó)曾發(fā)誓要引領(lǐng)綠色轉(zhuǎn)型，但現(xiàn)在卻遲遲沒(méi)有行動(dòng)
韓國(guó)給了污染企業(yè)更長(zhǎng)的減排時(shí)間

[Paragraph 1]
ADDRESSING THE UN‘s annual climate summit in 2009, South Korea’s then-president promised his country would be “an early mover when it comes to tackling climate change”.
在2009年的聯(lián)合國(guó)年度氣候峰會(huì)上，時(shí)任韓國(guó)總統(tǒng)發(fā)表講話時(shí)承諾，韓國(guó)將成為“應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的先行者”。

Lee Myung-bak pledged that South Korea would allocate the equivalent of 2% of GDP per year to the fight over the next five years and host an inter-governmental initiative, the Global Green Growth Institute, outside Seoul.
李明博承諾，韓國(guó)將在未來(lái)五年內(nèi)每年撥出相當(dāng)于國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值2%的資金用于應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化，并在首爾郊外主辦一個(gè)政府間倡議--全球綠色增長(zhǎng)研究所。

“Instead of saying you first’,” said Mr Lee, the former head of Hyundai Construction, South Korea would henceforth act “me first”.
現(xiàn)代建設(shè)公司前董事長(zhǎng)李明博表示，“與其說(shuō)'你先'”，不如’我先‘行動(dòng)。

[Paragraph 2]
Considering the shape of the country’s economy, this was ambitious.
考慮到韓國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況，這是一個(gè)雄心勃勃的目標(biāo)。

South Korea’s rise from post-war destitution, to become the world’s 12th-largest economy, was driven by polluting heavy industry and fossil fuels.
韓國(guó)從戰(zhàn)后的貧困中崛起，成為世界第12大經(jīng)濟(jì)體，由污染嚴(yán)重的重工業(yè)和化石燃料的推動(dòng)發(fā)展。

Perhaps predictably, then, neither Mr Lee nor his successors have done much to help the country meaningfully curb its emissions.
也許可以預(yù)見的是，李先生和他的繼任者沒(méi)有做很多事情來(lái)真正遏制排放問(wèn)題。

A decarbonisation “blueprint” recently released by the current government of Yoon Suk-yeol provides further reason to doubt that it will.
現(xiàn)任總統(tǒng)尹錫悅最近發(fā)布的脫碳“藍(lán)圖”進(jìn)一步證實(shí)了這個(gè)預(yù)言。

[Paragraph 3]
South Korea’s emissions did not peak until 2018, almost a decade after Mr Lee made his commitment and much later than in most other industrialised countries.
韓國(guó)的排放量直到 2018 年才達(dá)到峰值，距李明博的氣候承諾近十年，而且比大多數(shù)其他工業(yè)化國(guó)家晚得多。

The country subsequently adopt a legally binding commitment to reduce its emissions by 40% relative to their 2018 level by 2030, and to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050.
該國(guó)隨后做出了具有法律約束力的承諾，即在2030年前將其排放量在2018年的基礎(chǔ)上減少40%，并在2050年前實(shí)現(xiàn)凈零排放。

But this would be hard even with massive government intervention.
但即使有大規(guī)模的政府干預(yù)，這也很難實(shí)現(xiàn)。

To achieve its net-zero target South Korea would have to reduce emissions by an average of 5.4% a year.
為了實(shí)現(xiàn)凈零排放目標(biāo)，韓國(guó)必須每年平均減少 5.4% 的排放量。

By comparison, the EU must reduce its emissions by an average of 2% between its baseline year and 2030, while America and Britain must achieve annual cuts of 2.8%.
相比之下，歐盟必須在基準(zhǔn)年到 2030 年之間平均減少2%的排放量 ，而美國(guó)和英國(guó)則必須實(shí)現(xiàn)每年 2.8% 的減排量。

[Paragraph 4]
Far from broaching the necessary serious measures, South Korea seems content to pay lip-service to the issue.
韓國(guó)非但沒(méi)有提出必要的嚴(yán)肅措施，反而似乎還停留在氣候問(wèn)題的口頭承諾上。

In effect, Mr Yoon’s proposals take aim at the too-modest measures promised by his predecessor, Moon Jae-in.
實(shí)際上，尹先生的提議針對(duì)的是前任總統(tǒng)文在寅承諾的過(guò)于溫和的措施。

Besides instituting South Korea’s net-zero commitments, Mr Moon aimed to cut reliance on coal-fired electricity generation, from 42% of total generation to 22%. His government issued fairly modest subsidies to renewables.
除了制定韓國(guó)的凈零排放承諾外，文在寅的目標(biāo)是減少對(duì)燃煤發(fā)電的依賴，從占總發(fā)電量的 42% 降至 22%。他的政府為可再生能源提供了相當(dāng)少的補(bǔ)貼。

It also “instructed” South Korean industry to curb its emissions, from 261m tonnes a year in 2018 to 223m by 2030, without providing many regulatory or fiscal measures to help it do so.
政府還“指示”韓國(guó)工業(yè)要遏制排放量，從2018年的每年2.61億噸減少到2030年的2.23億噸，但沒(méi)有提供許多監(jiān)管或財(cái)政措施來(lái)幫助實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)。

Mr Yoon, while reaffirming South Korea’s headline targets, has back-pedalled on much of that.
尹先生雖然重申了韓國(guó)的總體目標(biāo)，但其中大部分目標(biāo)卻大打折扣。

[Paragraph 5]
He has cut his predecessor’s renewables subsidies, and also his targeted increase in renewables.
他削減了前任總統(tǒng)的可再生能源補(bǔ)貼，并削減了可再生能源增長(zhǎng)目標(biāo)。

Mr Yoon has at least proposed a welcome boost to South Korea’s nuclear-power generation, which Mr Moon disliked on the basis of his supporters’ exaggerated safety concerns.
尹先生至少提出了一個(gè)值得歡迎的建議，那就是大力推動(dòng)韓國(guó)的核能發(fā)電，而文在寅因擔(dān)憂安全問(wèn)題而放棄這一提議。

But Mr Yoon has not yet revealed plans for new nuclear power stations.
但尹先生尚未透露新核電站的計(jì)劃。

Bowing to corporate pressure, he has also watered down his predecessor’s demands of industry.
迫于企業(yè)壓力，他還淡化了前任總統(tǒng)對(duì)工業(yè)的脫碳要求。

Its lobbyists complained that the pollution curbs demanded of businesses would “weaken industrial competitiveness”, destroy jobs and be a “burden” on the economy.
企業(yè)說(shuō)客們抱怨稱，對(duì)企業(yè)提出的污染控制要求將“削弱行業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力”，破壞就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，并成為經(jīng)濟(jì)的“負(fù)擔(dān)”。

Mr Yoon has both reduced and deferred them. Around 75% of the wished-for industrial emissions cuts are now supposed to happen after 2027, which is when Mr Yoon is due to leave office.
尹先生既減少又推遲了這些要求。目前預(yù)計(jì)約75%的工業(yè)減排目標(biāo)將在2027年之后實(shí)現(xiàn)，屆時(shí)尹先生將卸任。

[Paragraph 6]
His government claims South Korea will still meet its commitments for 2030.
他的政府聲稱，韓國(guó)仍將履行其2030年凈零排放的承諾。

Its promise to bring some nuclear power plants already under construction online and increase renewables, somehow or other, would at least help with that.
它承諾將一些已經(jīng)在建的核電站投入使用，并增加可再生能源，無(wú)論如何，至少會(huì)對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)有所幫助。

So, if realised, would the government’s talk of increasing use of hydrogen as an industrial fuel, as well as carbon-capture technology.
如果能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)，政府關(guān)于增加氫氣作為工業(yè)燃料的使用以及碳捕捉技術(shù)的說(shuō)法也會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)。

Mr Yoon has gone so far as to promise public investment, subsidies and loans for such clean technologies.
尹先生甚至承諾為這些清潔技術(shù)提供公共投資、補(bǔ)貼和貸款。

But those measures are yet to materialise, and unless that changes it will be hard to accept the president’s claims at face value.
但這些措施尚未落實(shí)，除非這種情況發(fā)生改變，否則很難從字面上接受總統(tǒng)的主張。

[Paragraph 7]
The main outcome of his blueprint is a signal to industry that there is no hurry, says Youn Se-jong of Plan 1.5, an NGO working on climate policy. “It’s only going to postpone the necessary transition.”
尹世宗在致力于推動(dòng)氣候政策的非政府組織 Plan1.5任職，他表示總統(tǒng)藍(lán)圖的主要結(jié)果是向業(yè)界發(fā)出一個(gè)信號(hào)，即不著急?！暗@只會(huì)推遲必要的過(guò)渡時(shí)間?！?br>
（恭喜讀完，本篇英語(yǔ)詞匯量732左右）
原文出自：2023年6月24日《The Economist》Asia版塊

精讀筆記來(lái)源于：自由英語(yǔ)之路

本文翻譯整理: Irene

本文編輯校對(duì): Irene
僅供個(gè)人英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)交流使用。

【補(bǔ)充資料】（來(lái)自于網(wǎng)絡(luò)）
洗綠，綠色洗白Greenwashing是指企業(yè)或組織在營(yíng)銷、廣告或宣傳中使用虛假或夸大的環(huán)保標(biāo)簽和宣言，以掩蓋其對(duì)環(huán)境可持續(xù)性的不負(fù)責(zé)任行為。這種行為旨在誤導(dǎo)消費(fèi)者，使其相信該公司或產(chǎn)品對(duì)環(huán)境友好，從而增加銷售量和聲譽(yù)。例子包括將不環(huán)保的產(chǎn)品標(biāo)記為"綠色"、"可持續(xù)"或"環(huán)保"，但實(shí)際上它們的生產(chǎn)過(guò)程可能含有有害物質(zhì)，或者它們的包裝和運(yùn)輸方式并不環(huán)保。

Plan 1.5是一個(gè)非政府組織，旨在應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化和推動(dòng)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。該組織成立于2020年，由聯(lián)合國(guó)秘書長(zhǎng)安東尼奧·古特雷斯發(fā)起。Plan 1.5的名稱源自巴黎協(xié)定中的目標(biāo)，即限制全球變暖幅度在1.5攝氏度以內(nèi)。該組織的使命是通過(guò)全球范圍內(nèi)的行動(dòng)，推動(dòng)政府、企業(yè)和公眾采取措施降低溫室氣體排放并適應(yīng)氣候變化。

【重點(diǎn)句子】（3個(gè)）
South Korea’s rise from post-war destitution, to become the world’s 12th-largest economy, was driven by polluting heavy industry and fossil fuels.
韓國(guó)從戰(zhàn)后的貧困中崛起，成為世界第12大經(jīng)濟(jì)體，由污染嚴(yán)重的重工業(yè)和化石燃料的推動(dòng)發(fā)展。

But this would be hard even with massive government intervention.
但即使有大規(guī)模的政府干預(yù)，這也很難實(shí)現(xiàn)。

Far from broaching the necessary serious measures, South Korea seems content to pay lip-service to the issue.
韓國(guó)非但沒(méi)有提出必要的嚴(yán)肅措施，反而似乎還停留在氣候問(wèn)題的口頭承諾上。