一、單詞

send /send/ v. 郵寄，發(fā)送；

send-sent-sent

① send for sb 派遣去請(qǐng)某人

② send sb sth = send sth to sb

send me a postcard

My aunt has already sent me a postcard.

postcard /?p??stkɑ?d/ n. 明信片

① buy sb sth = buy sth for sb

I bought a postcard for him this morning.

② Where can I buy a postcard?

spoil /sp??l/ v. 破壞，糟蹋；（食物）變質(zhì)，腐敗；使索然無(wú)味

意思為破壞的時(shí)候，主要指精神上的損壞

spoil -spoiled/spoilt-spoiled/spoilt

① The cook spoilt the soup.

② Postcards always spoil my holidays.

Postcards spoilt my holidays last summer.

museum /mju?zi??m/ n. 博物館

① visited museums 根據(jù)原文變換造句

Did you visit that museum in 2018?

public /?p?bl?k/ adj. 公眾的，大眾的；公共的，公用的；?

形容詞+名詞進(jìn)行造句

① public library, public garden

I go to that public garden on Sundays.

friendly /?frendli/ adj. 親切的，友善的；

friend 是名詞 +ly 變?yōu)樾稳菰~

形容詞+ly變?yōu)楦痹~

① He is very friendly.

② Kiwi people are very friendly.

③ What a friendly guy.

waiter /?we?t?(r)/ n. 服務(wù)員，侍者

waitress 女服務(wù)員

① a friendly waiter?+ v.

Do you think he is a friendly waiter?

Do you like that friendly waiter?

lend /lend/ v. 借給，借出；

lend-lent-lent

borrow 向別人借

lend 借給別人

① lend sb sth?= lend sth to sb

Could you lend me twenty dollars?

② borrow sth from sb / borrow sth

I borrowed this book from the public library last week.

decision /d??s??(?)n/ n. 決定，抉擇；

① make a decision

I made a big decision last night.

whole /h??l/ adj. 全部的，整個(gè)的；

grain 糧食

① I like to eat whole grain bread 我喜歡吃全麥面包

② I want to buy some whole grain bread.

③ whole day/week

I spent the whole day in my room.

single /?s??ɡ(?)l/ adj. 單一的，單個(gè)的；唯一的；單身的，未婚的；

I did not write a single card

Why didn’t you write a single card?

I am not going to write a single card.

② She’s single 她單身

mind your own business 管好你自己的事情

二、原文

Postcards always spoil my holidays. Last summer, I went to Italy. I visited museums and sat in public gardens. A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. Then he lent me a book. I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word. Everyday I thought about postcards. My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send cards to my friends. On the last day I made a big decision. I got up early and bought thirty-seven cards. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card!

三、課文和語(yǔ)法

1.一般過(guò)去時(shí) NCE1 L67-70

Last summer, I went to Italy.

①形式： 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式

②用法：發(fā)生在過(guò)去的事情

1) 常表示過(guò)去時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和過(guò)去特定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用

2) 表示過(guò)去某一段時(shí)間一直持續(xù)或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，此時(shí)可與表示頻度的時(shí)間副詞連用

I lived in the country for ten years.

③注意：完全發(fā)生在過(guò)去的事情，與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)，過(guò)去這樣，現(xiàn)在不這樣

She had a boyfriend. (過(guò)去有男朋友，現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有了)

④否定句和疑問(wèn)句

否定：be+not 或 did + not

一般疑問(wèn)句: be提前 或did + 主語(yǔ)+ 動(dòng)詞原形（v.）

Were you happy?

I wasn’t happy.

Did they have a meeting last night?

They didn’t have a meeting last night.

⑤補(bǔ)充

動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式只能用在一般過(guò)去時(shí)，

動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞可用在完成時(shí)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

2、 Then he lent me a book

lend-lent-lent

主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)

①及物動(dòng)詞是否能同時(shí)接人和物，要看是否具有方向性。若是，則該動(dòng)詞可接雙賓語(yǔ)

ask sb sth?= ask sth of sb

give sb sth = give sth to sb

物是直接賓語(yǔ)，人是間接賓語(yǔ)

②能加雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不一定要有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)

③動(dòng)詞+雙賓語(yǔ)的兩種寫法

?lend me a book = lend a book to me

v.+人+物= v.+ 物+介詞（to/for/of/from）+ 人

She gave me a book = She gave a book to me.

I cooked him a meal = I cooked a meal for him.

④ 通常情況下，雙賓語(yǔ)中，哪個(gè)賓語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)，哪個(gè)就放后面。

3. I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word.

read – read-read

understand-understood-understood

4. Every day I thought about postcards.

every day 每一天 （ 詞組，表時(shí)間）

everyday 日常的，每天的（adj.）

everyday use. 日常用品

① think about?表示考慮、審查、計(jì)劃是否可行

Please think about my advice and tell me your views tomorrow.

② think of : 考慮到、想到，還有打算做或者記起、想起的意思

He thought of everything except the weather.

③ think sth over 強(qiáng)調(diào)反復(fù)思考

Please think over what I said.

④ think sth up 想出，設(shè)計(jì)出

He thought up a plan to encourage saving.

5. On the last day I made a big decision.

make a decision. 做出決定

make a decision to do sth

意思相近的表達(dá)有：

????????take a decision to do sth

????????make up one’s mind to do sth

????????decide to do sth

????????be determined to do sth

6. I got up early and bought thirty-seven postcards.

get-got-got/gotten

get up early/late

stay up late 熬夜

buy-bought -bought

7. I spent the whole day in my room, but I didn’t write a single card.

①spend 花費(fèi)，主語(yǔ)必須是人； 可表示花時(shí)間/金錢

spend time/money on sth/(in) doing sth

I spent a year on English

I spent a year studying English.

②a single word

single 和 a 是重疊的。一般重疊的詞表強(qiáng)調(diào)。

③近義詞： spend, cost, take, pay

1) cost: 花費(fèi)、開支。常構(gòu)成sth costs sb money。 做名詞時(shí)指價(jià)錢、成本、費(fèi)用、代價(jià)。

The dress costs me $100

He saved the boy from drowning at the cost of his life

2) take 一般指某事需要或花費(fèi)某人多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間完成

The work took us four hours.

It took me a month to finish the work.

3) pay 付款給某人 pay sb, pay for sth, pay sb sth

You must pay for my dinner today

He paid the shopkeeper $200

四、習(xí)慣用法

buy sb. sth.= buy sth. for sb.

send sb. sth.= send sth. to sb.

lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb.

borrow sth. from sb. / borrow sth.

make a decision

teach sb. sth.

lend sb. sth.

think about sth./sb.

on the last day

make a decision

send sth. to sb.

spend st. sw.