在我的個(gè)人投稿中，標(biāo)題含有【史料】的專欄為歷史研究的第一手史料，僅供學(xué)習(xí)使用，不代表本人任何立場(chǎng)。雙語的內(nèi)容，漢語部分為個(gè)人自行翻譯，僅供參考。

我們唯一要恐懼的就是恐懼本身

【背景】1929年，美國(guó)陷入了經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)大蕭條，在接下來的幾年中，政府的無作為讓危機(jī)不斷加劇，民眾也對(duì)聯(lián)邦政府失去了信心。1933年，民主黨人富蘭克林·羅斯福當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)，他在3月4日發(fā)表了這篇就職演說，簡(jiǎn)要概括了他的為政設(shè)想，并呼吁人們行動(dòng)起來面對(duì)危機(jī)和重拾信心。

President Hoover, Mr. Chief Justice, my friends:

胡佛總統(tǒng)，最高法官先生，我的朋友們：

This is a day of national consecration. And I am certain that on this day my fellow Americans expect that on my induction into the Presidency, I will address them with a candor and a decision which the present situation of our people impels.

今天是一個(gè)舉國(guó)祝圣的日子。我很確信今天我的美國(guó)同胞們都期待著我就職總統(tǒng)，我將以目前我們?nèi)嗣竦臓顩r所要求的坦誠(chéng)和決斷發(fā)表這個(gè)講話。

This is preeminently the time to speak the truth, the whole truth, frankly and boldly. Nor need we shrink from honestly facing conditions in our country today. This great nation will endure, as it has endured, will revive and will prosper.

現(xiàn)在正是時(shí)候坦率又大膽地說出全部真相了。我們不能逃避如今我們國(guó)家面對(duì)的問題。這個(gè)國(guó)家能挺過去，就像它曾經(jīng)挺過來的那樣，它將重生并再次興盛。

So, first of all, let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself. Nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance. In every dark hour of our national life, a leadership of frankness and of vigor has met with that understanding and support of the people themselves which is essential to victory. And I am convinced that you will again give that support to leadership in these critical days.

首先，讓我表明我堅(jiān)定的信念：我們唯一要恐懼的就是恐懼本身。不知名的、不理智的、沒有來由的恐慌會(huì)使將退步轉(zhuǎn)為進(jìn)步的努力癱瘓。在我們國(guó)家的每一個(gè)黑暗時(shí)刻中，坦率和強(qiáng)力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)都得到了人民的理解和支持，這本身對(duì)勝利是至關(guān)重要的。我相信在這個(gè)關(guān)鍵的時(shí)期，你們?cè)敢庠僖淮谓o出這樣的支持。

In such a spirit on my part and on yours we face our common difficulties. They concern, thank God, only material things. Values have shrunk to fantastic levels; taxes have risen; our ability to pay has fallen; government of all kinds is faced by serious curtailment of income; the means of exchange are frozen in the currents of trade; the withered leaves of industrial enterprise lie on every side; farmers find no markets for their produce; and the savings of many years in thousands of families are gone. More important, a host of unemployed citizens face the grim problem of existence, and an equally great number toil with little return. Only a foolish optimist can deny the dark realities of the moment.

我和你們都以這樣的精神面臨著共同的問題。感謝上帝，他們只關(guān)心物質(zhì)的東西。金錢的價(jià)值大幅縮減；稅率上升；我們的購(gòu)買力下降；各級(jí)政府都面臨收入的嚴(yán)重縮減；在貿(mào)易中，交換被凍結(jié)；工業(yè)企業(yè)紛紛凋零；農(nóng)民賣不掉他們的產(chǎn)品；成千上萬的家庭多年來的積蓄灰飛煙滅。更重要的是，許多失業(yè)的人面臨著嚴(yán)峻的生存問題，許多苦活幾乎得不到報(bào)酬。只有愚蠢的樂觀主義者才會(huì)否認(rèn)眼下黑暗的現(xiàn)實(shí)。

And yet our distress comes from no failure of substance. We are stricken by no plague of locusts. Compared with the perils which our forefathers conquered, because they believed and were not afraid, we have still much to be thankful for. Nature still offers her bounty and human efforts have multiplied it. Plenty is at our doorstep, but a generous use of it languishes in the very sight of the supply.

然而，我們的窘境并非來源于實(shí)質(zhì)上的失敗。我們并沒有遭到蝗災(zāi)。比起我們的先人用信仰和勇氣征服的困難，我們的處境還是相當(dāng)可稱道的。大自然依然在慷慨贈(zèng)與，而人力使它成倍增加。我們眼下還有許多物資，只不過過量的消耗使它們?cè)诘玫窖a(bǔ)充之前就消失了。

Primarily, this is because the rulers of the exchange of mankind's goods have failed, through their own stubbornness and their own incompetence, have admitted their failure, and have abdicated. Practices of the unscrupulous money changers stand indicted in the court of public opinion, rejected by the hearts and minds of men.

從根本上，這是因?yàn)槿祟惿唐方粨Q的法則失敗了。它自己的倔強(qiáng)和無能證明了它的失敗，并使它失效。不擇手段的貨幣兌換行為遭到公眾輿論的批評(píng)，也被人們發(fā)自內(nèi)心地拒絕。

True, they have tried. But their efforts have been cast in the pattern of an outworn tradition. Faced by failure of credit, they have proposed only the lending of more money. Stripped of the lure of profit by which to induce our people to follow their false leadership, they have resorted to exhortations, pleading tearfully for restored confidence. They only know the rules of a generation of self-seekers. They have no vision, and when there is no vision the people perish.

當(dāng)然，有人努力過，但是他們的努力遵循一種過時(shí)了的傳統(tǒng)模式。面臨信貸的失敗，他們只是放出更多的貸款。失去引誘人們跟隨他們錯(cuò)誤領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的利潤(rùn)后，他們?cè)V諸勸誡，淚流滿面地請(qǐng)求人們恢復(fù)信心。他們只知道利己主義一代人的規(guī)則。他們沒有遠(yuǎn)見，而沒有遠(yuǎn)見，人們就會(huì)滅亡。

Yes, the money changers have fled from their high seats in the temple of our civilization. We may now restore that temple to the ancient truths. The measure of that restoration lies in the extent to which we apply social values more noble than mere monetary profit.

是的，在文明的宗廟中，貨幣兌換者從他們的高位上逃走了。我們現(xiàn)在可以使這座廟宇恢復(fù)成古老的真理。這種恢復(fù)的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在于我們多大程度上認(rèn)為社會(huì)價(jià)值比貨幣利潤(rùn)更可貴。

Happiness lies not in the mere possession of money,?it lies in the joy of achievement, in the thrill of creative effort. The joy, the moral stimulation of work no longer must be forgotten in the mad chase of evanescent profits. These dark days, my friends, will be worth all they cost us if they teach us that our true destiny is not to be ministered unto but to minister to ourselves, to our fellow men.

幸福不關(guān)乎一小筆財(cái)產(chǎn)，而在于成就帶來的喜悅，在于創(chuàng)造性的努力帶來的狂喜。在瘋狂追逐轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的利潤(rùn)時(shí)，工作的道德刺激——喜悅——不再必須被遺忘。朋友們，如果這些黑暗的日子教會(huì)我們真正的命運(yùn)不是被人侍奉，而是侍奉我們自己和同胞，那么這些日子就是值得的。

Recognition of that falsity of material wealth as the standard of success goes hand in hand with the abandonment of the false belief that public office and high political position are to be valued only by the standards of pride of place and personal profit; and there must be an end to a conduct in banking and in business which too often has given to a sacred trust the likeness of callous and selfish wrongdoing. Small wonder that confidence languishes, for it thrives only on honesty, on honor, on the sacredness of obligations, on faithful protection, and on unselfish performance; without them it cannot live.

承認(rèn)物質(zhì)財(cái)富的虛假是成功的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，這和放棄只用地位自豪和個(gè)人利益來衡量公職和崇高的政治地位這一錯(cuò)誤理念同等重要。同時(shí)，那些常常給無情和自私的不法現(xiàn)象提供可能的銀行和商業(yè)行為必須被禁止。難怪，信心消失了：因?yàn)樗荒芤揽恐艺\(chéng)、榮譽(yù)、神圣的義務(wù)、忠實(shí)的保護(hù)和無私的執(zhí)行，沒有這些，信心就不能存在。

Restoration calls, however, not for changes in ethics alone. This nation is asking for action, and action now.

然而，恢復(fù)秩序并不僅僅意味著改變道德規(guī)范。國(guó)家要求采取行動(dòng)，現(xiàn)在就要。

Our greatest primary task is to put people to work. This is no unsolvable problem if we face it wisely and courageously. It can be accomplished in part by direct recruiting by the government itself, treating the task as we would treat the emergency of a war, but at the same time, through this employment, accomplishing great -- greatly needed projects to stimulate and reorganize the use of our great natural resources.?Hand in hand with that we must frankly recognize the overbalance of population in our industrial centers and, by engaging on a national scale in a redistribution, endeavor to provide a better use of the land for those best fitted for the land.

我們最首要的任務(wù)是讓人們?nèi)スぷ?。如果我們明智又勇敢地面?duì)它，這個(gè)問題是可以解決的。部分工作可以由政府直接招募來完成，就像我們對(duì)付戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)那樣。與此同時(shí)，通過這種就業(yè)能完成偉大的事業(yè)：刺激和重組對(duì)大量的自然資源的使用所急需的工程。同時(shí)，我們必須誠(chéng)實(shí)地認(rèn)識(shí)到我們工業(yè)中心的人口失衡，以及通過全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)的重新調(diào)配來努力把土地分配給最合適的產(chǎn)業(yè)。

Yes, the task can be helped by definite efforts to raise the values of agricultural products, and with this the power to purchase the output of our cities. It can be helped by preventing realistically the tragedy of the growing loss through foreclosure of our small homes and our farms. It can be helped by insistence that the federal, the state, and the local governments act forthwith on the demand that their cost be drastically reduced. It can be helped by the unifying of relief activities which today are often scattered, uneconomical, unequal. It can be helped by national planning for and supervision of all forms of transportation and of communications and other utilities that have a definitely public character. There are many ways in which it can be helped, but it can never be helped by merely talking about it.

的確，這項(xiàng)任務(wù)可以通過努力提高農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格來實(shí)現(xiàn)，提高農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格還能增加城市的產(chǎn)出。也可以通過現(xiàn)實(shí)地防止我們的房屋和農(nóng)場(chǎng)喪失抵押品贖回權(quán)而造成的日益嚴(yán)重的損失這一悲劇來實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)任務(wù)。堅(jiān)決要求聯(lián)邦、州和地方政府立即大幅削減開支也是如此。統(tǒng)一目前零散、鋪張和不平衡的救濟(jì)活動(dòng)也是如此。對(duì)有明確公共性質(zhì)的事業(yè)，如各種交通和通信等進(jìn)行國(guó)家層面的規(guī)劃和監(jiān)督也是如此。許多方式都能實(shí)現(xiàn)這一任務(wù)，唯獨(dú)空談不能。

We must act. We must act quickly.

我們要有所行動(dòng)。我們要立即做出行動(dòng)。

And finally, in our progress towards a resumption of work, we require two safeguards against a return of the evils of the old order. There must be a strict supervision of all banking and credits and investments. There must be an end to speculation with other people's money. And there must be provision for an adequate but sound currency.

最后，在我們努力進(jìn)行恢復(fù)工作的同時(shí)，我們需要兩種措施來防止邪惡的舊秩序回歸。第一，所有的銀行、信貸和投資都要有嚴(yán)格的監(jiān)管。用別人的錢進(jìn)行投資必須被制止。第二，必須發(fā)行既充足又不會(huì)導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)問題的貨幣。

These, my friends, are the lines of attack. I shall presently urge upon a new congress in special session detailed measures for their fulfillment, and I shall seek the immediate assistance of the 48 States.

我的朋友們，這些就是行動(dòng)路線。我將立即在特別會(huì)議上敦促新一屆國(guó)會(huì)采取具體措施來實(shí)現(xiàn)這些目標(biāo)，并立即尋求所有州的幫助。

Through this program of action we address ourselves to putting our own national house in order and making income balance outgo. Our international trade relations, though vastly important, are in point of time, and necessity, secondary to the establishment of a sound national economy. I favor, as a practical policy, the putting of first things first. I shall spare no effort to restore world trade by international economic readjustment; but the emergency at home cannot wait on that accomplishment.

通過這個(gè)項(xiàng)目行動(dòng)，我們將盡全力調(diào)理好我們的國(guó)民議會(huì)，并使收支平衡。我們的國(guó)際貿(mào)易關(guān)系固然非常重要，但在這樣的關(guān)鍵時(shí)間和需求上，建立一個(gè)健全的國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)更加重要。作為明智的政策，我贊成急事先辦。我將不遺余力地通過重整國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)來修復(fù)全球貿(mào)易；但國(guó)內(nèi)的緊急情況等不及讓那個(gè)先完成。

The basic thought that guides these specific means of national recovery is not nationally -- narrowly nationalistic. It is the insistence, as a first consideration, upon the interdependence of the various elements in and parts of the United States of America -- a recognition of the old and permanently important manifestation of the American spirit of the pioneer. It is the way to recovery. It is the immediate way. It is the strongest assurance that recovery will endure.

指導(dǎo)全國(guó)復(fù)興的基本思想不是全國(guó)性的狹隘民族主義。首先要考慮的是堅(jiān)持合眾國(guó)境內(nèi)各種要素的互相依靠，這是對(duì)美國(guó)先驅(qū)精神古老而永久的重要體現(xiàn)的認(rèn)可。這是當(dāng)下的復(fù)興之路，也是對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)復(fù)蘇的最有力保證。

In the field of world policy, I would dedicate this nation to the policy of the good neighbor: the neighbor who resolutely respects himself and, because he does so, respects the rights of others; the neighbor who respects his obligations and respects the sanctity of his agreements in and with a world of neighbors.

在外交領(lǐng)域，我會(huì)讓這個(gè)國(guó)家奉行睦鄰政策：一個(gè)堅(jiān)決尊重自己并因此尊重他人權(quán)利的鄰居；尊重自己的義務(wù)，尊重自己與他國(guó)之間協(xié)議的神圣性的鄰居。

If I read the temper of our people correctly, we now realize, as we have never realized before, our interdependence on each other; that we cannot merely take, but we must give as well; that if we are to go forward, we must move as a trained and loyal army willing to sacrifice for the good of a common discipline, because without such discipline no progress can be made, no leadership becomes effective.?We are, I know, ready and willing to submit our lives and our property to such discipline, because it makes possible a leadership which aims at the larger good. This, I propose to offer, pledging that the larger purposes will bind upon us, bind upon us all as a sacred obligation with a unity of duty hitherto evoked only in times of armed strife.

如果我正確地解讀了人民的情緒，我們已經(jīng)意識(shí)到——就如我們從未意識(shí)到的那樣——我們是如此互相依靠；我們不能只獲得，也要有所給予；如果我們想前進(jìn)，就必須像訓(xùn)練有素的忠誠(chéng)的軍隊(duì)那樣愿意為普遍的紀(jì)律做出犧牲，因?yàn)闆]有這樣的紀(jì)律，我們就什么也做不成，什么有效的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)也達(dá)不到。我知道，我們已準(zhǔn)備好并愿意將我們的生命和所有物獻(xiàn)給那樣的紀(jì)律，因?yàn)樗挂粋€(gè)以更大的利益為目標(biāo)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)成為可能。我如此提議，來保證更大的目標(biāo)將作為一項(xiàng)神圣的義務(wù)約束我們所有人，喚醒迄今只有在戰(zhàn)時(shí)才有過的責(zé)任統(tǒng)一。

With this pledge taken, I assume unhesitatingly the leadership of this great army of our people dedicated to a disciplined attack upon our common problems.

有了上述保證，我毫不猶豫地認(rèn)為我們這偉大人民的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層能有組織地處理我們共同的問題。

Action in this image, action to this end is feasible under the form of government which we have inherited from our ancestors. Our constitution is so simple, so practical that it is possible always to meet extraordinary needs by changes in emphasis and arrangement without loss of essential form. That is why our constitutional system has proved itself the most superbly enduring political mechanism the modern world has ever seen.?It has met every stress of vast expansion of territory, of foreign wars, of bitter internal strife, of world relations. And it is to be hoped that the normal balance of executive and legislative authority may be wholly equal, wholly adequate to meet the unprecedented task before us. But it may be that an unprecedented demand and need for undelayed action may call for temporary departure from that normal balance of public procedure.

在這種情況下，在我們從先人那里繼承的政府形式下，為了這個(gè)目的采取的行動(dòng)是可行的。我們的憲法如此簡(jiǎn)單和實(shí)用，以至于通過改變關(guān)注重心和重新安排而不失去必要的形式就能滿足特殊的需求。這就是我們的憲法已經(jīng)成為現(xiàn)代世界最持久的政治機(jī)制的原因。它經(jīng)受了領(lǐng)土大規(guī)模擴(kuò)張、對(duì)外戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、激烈的內(nèi)亂和國(guó)際關(guān)系的壓力。行政機(jī)關(guān)和立法機(jī)關(guān)被期望完全平衡和有能力來應(yīng)對(duì)我們面臨的前所未有的難題。但前所未有的對(duì)即刻的行動(dòng)的需求可能要求我們暫時(shí)偏離公共程序的正常狀態(tài)。

I am prepared under my constitutional duty to recommend the measures that a stricken nation in the midst of a stricken world may require. These measures, or such other measures as the congress may build out of its experience and wisdom, I shall seek, within my constitutional authority, to bring to speedy adoption.

在這樣一個(gè)災(zāi)難般的世界中的災(zāi)難般的國(guó)家，我根據(jù)憲法規(guī)定的義務(wù)準(zhǔn)備了可能需要采取的措施的建議。我將在憲法賦予我權(quán)利的范圍內(nèi)尋求盡快采取這些措施，以及國(guó)會(huì)根據(jù)其經(jīng)驗(yàn)和智慧形成的其他舉措。

But, in the event that the congress shall fail to take one of these two courses, in the event that the national emergency is still critical, I shall not evade the clear course of duty that will then confront me. I shall ask the congress for the one remaining instrument to meet the crisis -- broad executive power to wage a war against the emergency, as great as the power that would be given to me if we were in fact invaded by a foreign foe.

但是，如果國(guó)會(huì)未能采取這兩種方針中的一種，如果全國(guó)的緊急情況依然嚴(yán)峻，我將不會(huì)逃避那時(shí)我面臨的明確職責(zé)。我將要求國(guó)會(huì)提供剩下的那個(gè)工具來應(yīng)對(duì)危機(jī)——對(duì)緊急狀況發(fā)動(dòng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的廣泛權(quán)力，就好像我們真的被國(guó)外的敵人入侵時(shí)我將獲得的權(quán)利一樣大。

For the trust reposed in me, I will return the courage and the devotion that befit the time. I can do no less.

出于對(duì)我的信任的回報(bào)，我將拿出勇氣和適合這個(gè)時(shí)期的奉獻(xiàn)精神。我將盡我所能。

We face the arduous days that lie before us in the warm courage of national unity; with the clear consciousness of seeking old and precious moral values; with the clean satisfaction that comes from the stern performance of duty by old and young alike. We aim at the assurance of a rounded, a permanent national life.

我們以舉國(guó)團(tuán)結(jié)的熱情勇氣、尋求古老而寶貴的價(jià)值觀的清晰意識(shí)和男女老少嚴(yán)格履行職責(zé)帶來的滿足感來應(yīng)對(duì)擺在我們面前的艱苦時(shí)日。我們的目標(biāo)是保證全面又長(zhǎng)久的國(guó)民生活。

We do not distrust the -- the future of essential democracy. The people of the United States have not failed. In their need they have registered a mandate that they want direct, vigorous action. They have asked for discipline and direction under leadership. They have made me the present instrument of their wishes. In the spirit of the gift I take it.

我們不用猜疑基本民主制度的未來。合眾國(guó)的人民從未失敗。在他們的需求下，他們提出授權(quán)，期望采取直接而有力的行動(dòng)。他們要求有領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的紀(jì)律和指導(dǎo)。他們選出了我作為實(shí)現(xiàn)他們?cè)竿娜?。本著這個(gè)授權(quán)的精神，我臨危受命。

In this dedication -- In this dedication of a nation, we humbly ask the blessing of God.

在這個(gè)國(guó)家的祝圣典禮上，我們恭敬地祈求上帝保佑。

May He protect each and every one of us.

愿他保護(hù)我們每一個(gè)人。

May He guide me in the days to come.

愿他在未來的日子里指引我。