20230105英語詞匯/詞組學(xué)習(xí)匯總
bow to sth
to agree unwillingly to do sth because other people want you to 屈從于
·??They finally bowed to pressure from the public. 他們終于在公眾的壓力下讓步了。
·??She?bowed to the inevitable?(= accepted a situation in which she had no choice)?and resigned. 她迫于無奈，只得辭職。
bump·er?/?b?mp?(r)/
[ only before noun] (?approving) unusually large; producing an unusually large amount 異常大的；豐盛的
?a bumper issue?(= of a magazine, etc.)?（期刊的）特大號
?a?bumper crop/harvest/season/year?豐收；豐收季節(jié)；豐收年
· dawn on
o PHRASAL VERB If a fact or idea dawns on you, you realize it. 使開始明白
? It gradually dawned on me that I still had talent and ought to run again.
我漸漸明白我還有能力，應(yīng)該再參加一次。
dras·tic?adj.?/?dr?st?k/ /?drɑ?s?/
extreme in a way that has a sudden, serious or violent effect on sth 極端的；急劇的；嚴(yán)厲的；猛烈的
?drastic measures/changes?嚴(yán)厲的措施；劇烈的變化
??The government is threatening to?take drastic action?. 政府警告說要采取斷然措施。
??a drastic shortage of food 食物的極度短缺
??Talk to me before you do anything drastic. 你采取任何重大行動之前要跟我談?wù)劇?/p>
· retrenchment /r??tr?nt?m?nt/
o N-VAR Retrenchment means spending less money. (開支的)緊縮; 削減
? Defence planners predict an extended period of retrenchment.
國防規(guī)劃人員們預(yù)計，開支緊縮期會延長。
deep-pocketed 財大氣粗
bet?/bet/
1.[ also?V that] ~ (sth) (on/against sth)to risk money on a race or an event by trying to predict the result 下賭注（于）；用…打賭
[?V]
?You have to be over 16 to bet. 賭博者年齡不得低于16歲。
[?VN]
?He bet $2 000 on the final score of the game. 他下2 000元賭比賽的最后比分。
[?VNN]
?She bet me ￡20 that I wouldn't do it. 她和我打20英鎊的賭，說我不會那么做。
[ also VN that ] ——see also?="javascript:;">betting?gamble
ava·tar?n.?/??v?tɑ?(r)/
(in Hinduism and Buddhism) a god appearing in a physical form 化身（印度教和佛教中化作人形或獸形的神）
2. a picture of a person or an animal which represents a person, on a computer screen, especially in a computer game or?chat room?（尤指電腦游戲或聊天室中代表使用者的）化身
staff·er?n.?/?stɑ?f?(r)/
(?NAmE?) a member of staff in a big organization （大機(jī)構(gòu)）職員
cull?/k?l/
[ VN] to kill a particular number of animals of a group in order to prevent the group from getting too large 部分捕殺，宰殺（為防止動物種群量過多而殺掉其中一定數(shù)量）
PHRASAL VERBS 短語動詞
1.?cull sth from sth
to choose or collect sth from a source or several different sources 選出；挑出；采集
?an exhibition of paintings culled from regional art galleries 從各地區(qū)畫廊中精選出來的繪畫作品展
cull?/k?l/
the act of killing some animals (usually the weakest ones) of a group in order to prevent the group from getting too large （為防止動物種群量過多而通常對最弱者的）選擇性宰殺
?the annual seal cull 每年對海豹的選擇性宰殺
slash?/sl??/
[?VN] 1. to make a long cut with a sharp object, especially in a violent way （用利器）砍，劈
SYN?slit
?Someone had slashed the tyres on my car. 有人把我的汽車輪胎割破了。
?She tried to kill herself by slashing her wrists. 她試圖割腕自殺。
?We had to?slash our way?through the undergrowth with sticks. 我們揮舞著木棍一路劈砍，才在密林里開出一條路，穿了過去。
2. [ often passive] ( often used in newspapers 常用于報章 ) to reduce sth by a large amount 大幅度削減；大大降低
?to?slash costs/prices/fares, etc.?大幅度降低成本、價格、車費(fèi)等
?The workforce has been slashed by half. 職工人數(shù)裁減了一半。
——note at?cut
PHRASAL VERBS 短語動詞
· 1.?slash at sb/sth (with sth)
to attack sb violently with a knife, etc. （用刀等）猛砍，砍擊
back·drop?n.?/?b?kdr?p/
(?BrE?also?back·cloth?)
a painted piece of cloth that is hung behind the stage in a theatre as part of the?scenery?（舞臺的）背景幕布
2. everything that can be seen around an event that is taking place, but which is not part of that event （事件發(fā)生時）周圍陪襯景物
?The mountains provided a dramatic backdrop for our picnic. 群山如畫，給我們的野餐平添景色。
——note at environment
3. the general conditions in which an event takes place, which sometimes help to explain that event （事態(tài)或活動的）背景
?It was?against this backdrop?of racial tension that the civil war began. 這場內(nèi)戰(zhàn)肇端于種族之間的緊張狀態(tài)。
head·count?n.?/?hedka?nt/
an act of counting the number of people who are at an event, employed by an organization, etc.; the number of people that have been counted in this way 人數(shù)統(tǒng)計；統(tǒng)計出的人數(shù)
to do a headcount 統(tǒng)計人數(shù)
What's the latest headcount? 最新統(tǒng)計的人數(shù)是多少？
3. V-I When something?balloons, it increases rapidly in amount. (數(shù)量上) 猛增
? The jail's female and minority populations have both ballooned in recent years.
該監(jiān)獄的女性及少數(shù)民族犯人在近幾年都猛增了。
shrink?/?r??k/ (?shrank/?r??k/ or?shrunk/?r??k/?shrunkshrunk)
to become smaller, especially when washed in water that is too hot; to make clothes, cloth, etc. smaller in this way （使）縮水，收縮，縮小，皺縮
[?V]??My sweater shrank in the wash. 我的毛衣縮水了。
[ also VN ]
2. to become or to make sth smaller in size or amount （使）縮小，收縮，減少
[?V]
?The tumour had shrunk to the size of a pea. 腫瘤已縮小到豌豆大小。
?The market for their products is shrinking. 市場對他們產(chǎn)品的需求在減少。
[?VN]
?There was a movie called ‘Honey I shrunk the kids!’. 有部電影名叫《寶貝兒，我把孩子們縮小了！》。
?Television in a sense has shrunk the world. 從某種意義上說電視把世界縮小了。
——see also?shrunken
3. [?V+ adv./prep.] to move back or away from sth because you are frightened or shocked 退縮；畏縮
SYN?cower
?He shrank back against the wall as he heard them approaching. 聽見他們朝這邊來，他退到墻根。
IDIOMS 習(xí)語
· 1. a ?shrinking ?violet
(?humorous) a way of describing a very shy person （指羞怯的人）
PHRASAL VERBS 短語動詞
· 1.?shrink from sth
to be unwilling to do sth that is difficult or unpleasant 畏避，回避（困難等）
o??We made it clear to them that we would not shrink from confrontation. 我們向他們清楚地表明，我們不會畏避交鋒。
[+ -ing]
?They did not shrink from doing what was right. 只要做得對，他們就無所畏懼。
crit·ic·al?adj.?/?kr?t?kl/
EXPRESSING DISAPPROVAL 表示不贊成
~ (of sb/sth)expressing disapproval of sb/sth and saying what you think is bad about them 批評的；批判性的；挑剔的
?a?critical comment/report?批判性的評論╱報道
?The supervisor is always very critical. 主管總是很挑剔。
?Tom's parents were highly critical of the school. 湯姆的父母對學(xué)校提出了強(qiáng)烈的批評。
per·ceive?v.?/p??si?v/
to notice or become aware of sth 注意到；意識到；察覺到
[?VN]
?I perceived a change in his behaviour. 我注意到他舉止有些改變。
[?V that]
?She perceived that all was not well. 她意識到并非一切都順利。
[?VN to inf]
?The patient was perceived to have difficulty in breathing. 發(fā)現(xiàn)病人呼吸困難。
HELP This pattern is usually used in the passive. 此句型通常用于被動語態(tài)。
——note at?notice
2. [?VNVN to inf] ~ sb/sth (as sth)to understand or think of sb/sth in a particular way 將…理解為；將…視為；認(rèn)為
SYN?see
?This discovery was perceived as a major breakthrough. 這一發(fā)現(xiàn)被視為一項重大突破。
?She did not perceive herself as disabled. 她沒有把自己看成殘疾人。
?They were widely perceived to have been unlucky. 人們普遍認(rèn)為他們的運(yùn)氣不佳。
——note at?regard
HELP This pattern is usually used in the passive. 此句型通常用于被動語態(tài)。
spoil?/sp??l/
the spoils [ pl.] (?formal?) (?literary) goods taken from a place by thieves or by an army that has won a battle or war 贓物；戰(zhàn)利品；掠奪物
2. spoils [ pl.] the profits or advantages that sb gets from being successful 成功所帶來的好處；權(quán)力地位的連帶利益
?the spoils of high office 身居高位的連帶利益
3. [ U] ( technical 術(shù)語) waste material that is brought up when a hole is dug, etc. （開掘等時挖出的）棄土，廢石方
lav·ish?/?l?v??/
large in amount, or impressive, and usually costing a lot of money 大量的；給人印象深刻的；耗資巨大的
SYN?extravagant?luxuriously
?lavish gifts/costumes/celebrations 豐厚的禮品；昂貴的服裝；規(guī)模盛大的慶典
?They lived a very?lavish lifestyle?. 他們過著揮霍無度的生活。
?They rebuilt the house on an even more?lavish scale?than before. 他們重造了房子，規(guī)模甚至比以前更大。
2. ~ (with/in sth)giving or doing sth generously 慷慨的；大方的
?He was lavish in his praise for her paintings. 他大力贊揚(yáng)她的繪畫。
DERIVATIVES 派生詞
lav·ish·ly?adv
·??lavishly illustrated 有大量插圖
· perk /p??k/
o 1. N-COUNT Perks are special benefits that are given to people who have a particular job or belong to a particular group. 特殊待遇
? ...a company car, health insurance and other perks.
…一輛公司配車、健康保險以及其他特殊待遇。
o 2. ADJ pert; brisk; lively 活躍的; 活潑的; 輕快的
o 3. V undefined
→ perk up
o 4. V (of coffee) to percolate (咖啡)過濾
o 5. V to percolate (coffee) 過濾(咖啡)
· catch up with
catchingcaughtcatches
o 1. PHRASAL VERB When people catch up with someone who has done something wrong, they succeed in finding them in order to arrest or punish them. 逮捕
? The law caught up with him yesterday.
他于昨日落入法網(wǎng)。
o 2. PHRASAL VERB If something catches up with you, you are forced to deal with something unpleasant that happened or that you did in the past, which you have been able to avoid until now. 讓 (某人) 嘗到惡果
? Although he subsequently became a successful businessman, his criminal past caught up with him.
雖然他后來成了一位成功的商人，但他的犯罪前科卻讓他嘗到了惡果。
