黨的二十大報告指出，要“堅持把發(fā)展經(jīng)濟的著力點放在實體經(jīng)濟上”“促進數(shù)字經(jīng)濟和實體經(jīng)濟深度融合”。我國是世界第一制造業(yè)大國，也是數(shù)字技術(shù)大國，在經(jīng)濟全球化遭遇逆流、新一輪科技革命和產(chǎn)業(yè)變革突飛猛進、數(shù)字技術(shù)加速與制造業(yè)深度融合的大背景之下，加快推進實體經(jīng)濟數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型，加快建設(shè)現(xiàn)代化產(chǎn)業(yè)體系，是大勢所趨、必由之路，對提升企業(yè)競爭力水平、實現(xiàn)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟高質(zhì)量發(fā)展、順利推進我國現(xiàn)代化進程，都具有十分重要的意義。

黨的十八大以來，黨中央高度重視實體經(jīng)濟的智能化數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型發(fā)展，各部門各地區(qū)積極響應(yīng)、迅速行動，紛紛結(jié)合自身實際制定行動計劃和實施方案，實體經(jīng)濟特別是制造業(yè)數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型取得了積極進展，具備了良好基礎(chǔ)。有關(guān)資料顯示，目前我國制造業(yè)數(shù)字化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化、智能化水平不斷提升，已培育出具有一定影響力的工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)平臺超過150家，工業(yè)設(shè)備連接數(shù)量超過7900萬臺（套）。同時也要看到，我國實體經(jīng)濟數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型尚處于從試點培育到快速成長的過渡階段，進一步轉(zhuǎn)型的潛力和空間依然很大、任務(wù)依然艱巨，還面臨著關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和產(chǎn)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)薄弱、復(fù)合型人才缺口較大、工業(yè)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)標準尚不健全、數(shù)據(jù)安全法規(guī)保障滯后等一系列突出問題，亟需通過政府、企業(yè)、社會等各方面協(xié)同發(fā)力加以解決。

需要明確的一點是，無論是智能化改造還是數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型，企業(yè)都是實施主體和主要力量。轉(zhuǎn)型的最終目的，是提高企業(yè)、產(chǎn)業(yè)的競爭力和盈利能力。政府發(fā)揮作用的關(guān)鍵，就是要從克服和緩解企業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型面臨的各種問題、困難和制約因素出發(fā)，盡可能創(chuàng)造有利的外部環(huán)境，為企業(yè)賦能，增強其轉(zhuǎn)型的能力、意愿和信心。立足當(dāng)前，實現(xiàn)實體經(jīng)濟數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型，關(guān)鍵在于制度的不斷創(chuàng)新完善和環(huán)境的不斷優(yōu)化，以下六個方面是最為重要的。

第一，進一步推動相關(guān)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。

制造業(yè)的數(shù)據(jù)主要來源于機器設(shè)備數(shù)據(jù)、工業(yè)信息化數(shù)據(jù)和產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈數(shù)據(jù)，生產(chǎn)設(shè)備的數(shù)字化程度直接決定了生產(chǎn)數(shù)據(jù)采集能力。近年來，我國雖然在生產(chǎn)設(shè)備數(shù)字化和工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)平臺建設(shè)等方面進展顯著，但也存在一些短板，下一步要著眼于提升內(nèi)外貫通能力，協(xié)同推進內(nèi)網(wǎng)和外網(wǎng)建設(shè)。一方面，要進一步促進企業(yè)內(nèi)部設(shè)備的技術(shù)改造。我國制造業(yè)門類眾多、市場主體數(shù)量龐大、技術(shù)水平參差不齊，要想進入人機互聯(lián)階段，數(shù)字化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化、智能化改造的任務(wù)依然很重。為此，要綜合運用財政、金融等手段，激勵和支持企業(yè)運用先進適用技術(shù)改造建設(shè)企業(yè)內(nèi)網(wǎng)。另一方面，要進一步支持企業(yè)建設(shè)5G全連接工廠，持續(xù)增強企業(yè)外聯(lián)能力與穩(wěn)定性。

第二，促進制造業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)的聯(lián)通與共享。

數(shù)據(jù)的聯(lián)通與共享既是數(shù)字化智能化轉(zhuǎn)型的前提基礎(chǔ)，更是充分釋放數(shù)據(jù)潛在經(jīng)濟價值的關(guān)鍵所在。目前制約數(shù)據(jù)聯(lián)通共享的因素主要有二：一是標準問題，二是數(shù)據(jù)安全問題。調(diào)研發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)前制造業(yè)企業(yè)的存量設(shè)備供應(yīng)商和型號眾多，由于各家設(shè)備接口不統(tǒng)一，通信協(xié)議不兼容，往往需要進行數(shù)字化改造才能接入系統(tǒng)當(dāng)中，不僅增加了連接上云的難度，也增加了連接成本。處于同一產(chǎn)業(yè)集群及不同產(chǎn)業(yè)集群間的利益相關(guān)企業(yè)，出于商業(yè)利益和風(fēng)險規(guī)避的考慮，共享涉及生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營等企業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)的意愿不高。此外，由于目前缺少具有公信力的數(shù)據(jù)共享機制，產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈數(shù)據(jù)更加難以互通。因此，下一步要聚焦促進數(shù)據(jù)聯(lián)通與共享這一重點，進一步完善工業(yè)設(shè)備的互聯(lián)互通標準，推動工業(yè)設(shè)備接口互認、協(xié)議兼容，提升行業(yè)設(shè)備的聯(lián)動能力；加快研究制定統(tǒng)一的工業(yè)大數(shù)據(jù)管理制度和標準規(guī)范，提升工業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)治理能力，促進數(shù)據(jù)合理流動、安全交易、共享使用。

第三，強化專業(yè)型和復(fù)合型人才供給。

與過去的信息化主要側(cè)重于企業(yè)流程再造不同，基于新一代信息技術(shù)與先進制造技術(shù)深度融合的企業(yè)數(shù)字化智能化轉(zhuǎn)型，不僅僅是一種技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)型，更是一種思維方式與經(jīng)營模式的深層轉(zhuǎn)型，是涉及企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略、組織、運營、人才等的體系化變革和全方位創(chuàng)新。因此，推動企業(yè)數(shù)字化智能化轉(zhuǎn)型，既需要企業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人立足行業(yè)發(fā)展大勢，以數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型帶動整體戰(zhàn)略升級，也需要全體員工對數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型的支持，特別是需要既懂?dāng)?shù)字化技術(shù)又懂經(jīng)營業(yè)務(wù)的高級復(fù)合型專業(yè)人才的支持。調(diào)研顯示，高級復(fù)合型人才短缺是當(dāng)前企業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型一個重要的制約因素。為此，要強化政策引導(dǎo)作用，充分發(fā)揮高校、企業(yè)、平臺等各方主體優(yōu)勢，立足產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型需求和人才梯隊的有機組合，多維度完善數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型人才的培養(yǎng)體系。同時，要努力打造數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型人才共享資源池和數(shù)據(jù)庫，綜合采用企業(yè)內(nèi)訓(xùn)支持、專家顧問服務(wù)、聯(lián)合培養(yǎng)認證等方式，實現(xiàn)高端人力資源的跨界流轉(zhuǎn)與開放共享。

第四，支持培育數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型集成服務(wù)商。

對于制造業(yè)企業(yè)來說，絕大多數(shù)并不具備數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型的技術(shù)積累、人才隊伍和集成解決能力，需要服務(wù)商對企業(yè)進行專業(yè)診斷，提供從規(guī)劃設(shè)計、系統(tǒng)開發(fā)、建設(shè)部署到運營維護的一攬子服務(wù)。調(diào)研發(fā)現(xiàn)，目前，在企業(yè)數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型集成服務(wù)市場上，服務(wù)商服務(wù)能力和質(zhì)量參差不齊，一些服務(wù)商的集成能力、智能化能力存在不足。為此，一方面，要通過政府采購等適當(dāng)方式，激勵集成服務(wù)商結(jié)合既往經(jīng)驗，梳理形成分行業(yè)、分區(qū)域、分類型的數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型方案及推進路徑，形成經(jīng)濟適用的標準化模塊，降低方案成本。另一方面，要鼓勵和促進不同行業(yè)、專業(yè)領(lǐng)域的服務(wù)商，通過聯(lián)合或合作等方式，形成綜合服務(wù)能力，提供集成改造和整合方案，并支持其將各種制造經(jīng)驗數(shù)字化、模塊化、通用化，賦能更多傳統(tǒng)制造企業(yè)。

第五，完善關(guān)鍵共性技術(shù)研發(fā)的支持政策。

目前，我國制造業(yè)對外技術(shù)依存度較高,一些關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)受制于人，產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展需要的高端設(shè)備、基礎(chǔ)零部件、元器件、關(guān)鍵材料等很多依賴進口，產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈供應(yīng)鏈補齊尚需時日。破解關(guān)鍵共性技術(shù)難題是一個系統(tǒng)工程，需要久久為功、多措并舉。一方面，要進一步完善對關(guān)鍵共性技術(shù)研發(fā)的支持政策，把支持的重點放在智能傳感器、云化工業(yè)軟件、云計算中心等關(guān)鍵技術(shù)領(lǐng)域，激發(fā)創(chuàng)新合力。另一方面，要加強產(chǎn)學(xué)研用的對接溝通，聯(lián)合開發(fā)面向制造業(yè)數(shù)字化智能化轉(zhuǎn)型等需求的系統(tǒng)和裝備，用好用足相關(guān)財政支持政策，助力裝備企業(yè)在實用迭代之中實現(xiàn)質(zhì)量提升。

第六，著力優(yōu)化營商環(huán)境和發(fā)展環(huán)境。

有關(guān)調(diào)研發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)前企業(yè)數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型面臨的一個突出問題是發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略缺位、轉(zhuǎn)型缺乏方向。近年來，受國際形勢等影響，企業(yè)經(jīng)營環(huán)境面臨較多的不確定性。數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型本質(zhì)在于“轉(zhuǎn)型”，未來愿景不明，轉(zhuǎn)型方向不清，數(shù)字化的方向也難以確定，動力和能力自然就會不足。當(dāng)前情況下，促進企業(yè)數(shù)字化智能化轉(zhuǎn)型，不能就數(shù)字化論數(shù)字化，必須首先解決好企業(yè)發(fā)展環(huán)境、發(fā)展方向與發(fā)展信心問題。換句話說，除了要注重優(yōu)化與數(shù)字化智能化直接相關(guān)的外部政策環(huán)境外，還要高度重視進一步優(yōu)化企業(yè)發(fā)展的大環(huán)境，包括監(jiān)管政策的進一步透明和穩(wěn)定、營商環(huán)境的進一步優(yōu)化、重點領(lǐng)域改革的加快推進等。只有這樣，企業(yè)數(shù)字化智能化轉(zhuǎn)型才能具有更堅實的基礎(chǔ)，也才能取得更好和更可持續(xù)的效果。

翻譯：

The report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that we should "stick to the focus of economic development on the real economy" and "promote the deep integration of the digital economy and the real economy". China is the world's largest manufacturing country and digital technology power. Under the background of countercurrent of economic globalization, rapid progress of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial change, and the deep integration of digital technology and manufacturing, accelerating the digital transformation of the real economy and accelerating the construction of a modern industrial system is the general trend and the only way. It is of great significance to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises, realize the high-quality development of regional economy, and promote the modernization process smoothly.

Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the CPC Central Committee has attached great importance to the intelligent digital transformation and development of the real economy. Various departments and regions have responded positively and acted quickly, and formulated action plans and implementation plans based on their own actual conditions. The digital transformation of the real economy, especially the manufacturing industry, has made positive progress and has a good foundation. Relevant data show that at present, the digital, network and intelligent level of Chinese manufacturing industry continues to improve, has cultivated more than 150 industrial Internet platforms with a certain influence, and the number of industrial equipment connection more than 79 million (sets). At the same time, it should also be noted that the digital transformation of Chinese real economy is still in a transition stage from pilot cultivation to rapid growth. The potential and space for further transformation are still large and the task is still difficult. It is also faced with a series of outstanding problems, such as weak key technologies and industrial foundation, large gap of compound talents, imperfect standards of industrial Internet of Things and lagging data security regulations. It is urgent to solve the problem through the concerted efforts of the government, enterprises, society and other aspects.

It needs to be made clear that enterprises are the main implementers and forces of both intelligent transformation and digital transformation. The ultimate goal of transformation is to improve the competitiveness and profitability of enterprises and industries. The key for the government to play its role is to start from overcoming and easing various problems, difficulties and constraints faced by enterprises in their transformation, to create a favorable external environment as far as possible, empower enterprises and enhance their ability, willingness and confidence in transformation. Based on the current situation, the key to realize the digital transformation of the real economy lies in the continuous innovation and improvement of the system and the continuous optimization of the environment. The following six aspects are the most important.

First, further promote relevant infrastructure development. The data of manufacturing industry mainly comes from machine and equipment data, industrial informatization data and industrial chain data. The digitalization degree of production equipment directly determines the production data collection ability. In recent years, although China has made remarkable progress in digitization of production equipment and construction of industrial Internet platforms, there are still some shortcomings. The next step should focus on improving internal and external penetration ability and promoting the construction of internal and external networks in a coordinated way. On the one hand, to further promote the enterprise internal equipment technical transformation. Our manufacturing industry has many categories, a large number of market subjects and uneven technical level. If we want to enter the man-machine interconnection phase, the task of digital, network and intelligent transformation is still very heavy. To this end, we should make comprehensive use of fiscal and financial means to encourage and support enterprises to use advanced and applicable technologies to transform and construct enterprise internal networks. On the other hand, further support should be given to enterprises in building fully connected 5G factories to continuously enhance their outreach capacity and stability.

Second, promote the connectivity and sharing of manufacturing data. Data connectivity and sharing is not only the premise of digital intelligent transformation, but also the key to fully release the potential economic value of data. At present, there are two main factors restricting the sharing of data connectivity: one is the standard problem, the other is the data security problem. According to the survey, the current manufacturing enterprises have a large number of equipment suppliers and models in stock. Due to the inconsistent interfaces and incompatible communication protocols of each equipment, digital transformation is often needed to access the system, which not only increases the difficulty of connecting to the cloud, but also increases the connection cost. For the consideration of commercial interests and risk avoidance, stakeholder enterprises in the same industrial cluster or among different industrial clusters are not willing to share enterprise data related to production and operation. In addition, due to the lack of credible data sharing mechanism, industrial chain data is more difficult to communicate. Therefore, the next step should focus on the promotion of data connectivity and sharing, further improve the standards of industrial equipment connectivity, promote the mutual recognition and protocol compatibility of industrial equipment interface, improve the linkage ability of industrial equipment; We will accelerate the research and formulation of unified industrial big data management systems, standards and norms, improve the capacity of industrial data governance, and promote the rational flow of data, secure transactions and shared use of data.

Third, strengthen the supply of professional and compound talents. Different from the past informatization, which mainly focuses on enterprise process reengineering, the enterprise digital intelligent transformation based on the deep integration of the new generation of information technology and advanced manufacturing technology is not only a kind of technological transformation, but also a deep transformation of thinking mode and business mode. It is a systematic transformation and all-round innovation involving enterprise strategy, organization, operation and talent. Therefore, to promote the digital intelligent transformation of enterprises, not only enterprise leaders need to base on the development trend of the industry and promote the overall strategic upgrading through digital transformation, but also need the support of all employees for digital transformation, especially the support of senior composite professionals who understand both digital technology and business. Research shows that the shortage of senior compound talents is an important restriction factor in the current enterprise transformation. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the guiding role of policies, give full play to the main advantages of universities, enterprises, platforms and other parties, and improve the training system of digital transformation talents in multiple dimensions based on the organic combination of industrial transformation needs and talent echelon. At the same time, efforts should be made to build a shared resource pool and database for talents in digital transformation. Internal training support, expert consulting services, joint training certification and other methods should be comprehensively adopted to realize cross-border circulation and open sharing of high-end human resources.

Fourth, we will support the cultivation of integrated service providers for digital transformation. For manufacturing enterprises, most of them do not have the technology accumulation, talent team and integrated solution ability for digital transformation, so they need service providers to make professional diagnosis for enterprises and provide a package of services from planning and design, system development, construction and deployment to operation and maintenance. It is found that, at present, in the enterprise digital transformation integrated service market, service capabilities and quality of service providers are uneven, and some service providers have insufficient integration capabilities and intelligent capabilities. Therefore, on the one hand, it is necessary to encourage integrated service providers to form digital transformation schemes and promotion paths by industry, region and type by government procurement and other appropriate ways, so as to form economical and applicable standardized modules and reduce program costs. On the other hand, it is necessary to encourage and promote service providers in different industries and professional fields to form comprehensive service capabilities, provide integrated transformation and integration solutions through joint or cooperative means, and support them to digitize, modularize and generalize various manufacturing experiences so as to empower more traditional manufacturing enterprises.

Fifth, we will improve policies to support research and development of key generic technologies. At present, our manufacturing industry is highly dependent on foreign technology, and some key core technologies are controlled by others. Industrial development needs high-end equipment, basic parts, components, key materials and so on, and it will take time to complete the industrial chain and supply chain. Solving the key generic technical problems is a systematic project, which requires a long effort and multiple measures. On the one hand, it is necessary to further improve the supporting policies for the research and development of key generic technologies, focusing on key technology fields such as smart sensors, cloud chemical industry software and cloud computing centers, so as to stimulate innovation synergy. On the other hand, we need to strengthen communication between enterprises, universities and research institutes, jointly develop systems and equipment that meet the needs of the digital and intelligent transformation of the manufacturing industry, and make full use of relevant financial support policies to help equipment enterprises achieve quality improvement in practical iteration.

Sixth, we need to improve the business and development environment. It is found that a prominent problem facing enterprises in digital transformation is the absence of development strategy and the lack of direction in transformation. In recent years, influenced by the international situation, the business environment of enterprises is faced with more uncertainties. The essence of digital transformation is "transformation". The future vision is unclear, the direction of transformation is unclear, and the direction of digitalization is difficult to determine, so the motivation and ability will naturally be insufficient. Under the current circumstances, to promote the transformation of enterprise digitalization and intelligence, we must first solve the problems of enterprise development environment, development direction and development confidence. In other words, in addition to optimizing the external policy environment directly related to digital intelligence, we should also attach great importance to further optimizing the overall environment for enterprise development, including more transparent and stable regulatory policies, further optimization of the business environment, and acceleration of reform in key areas. Only in this way, the digital intelligent transformation of enterprises can have a more solid foundation, but also can achieve better and more sustainable results.

本文由數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型網(wǎng)（http://www.szhzxw.cn）轉(zhuǎn)載而成，來源：經(jīng)濟日報；編輯/翻譯：數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型網(wǎng)默然。