托福閱讀滿分攻略:掌握這些邏輯關(guān)系詞,讓你刷題效率翻倍!
閱讀是托??荚囍凶罨A(chǔ)的部分,也是大家上手最快的部分。但是很多人開始做題時,才發(fā)現(xiàn)自己不僅做題速度慢,而且正確率不高!想要滿分很難!如果你也遇到了這樣的問題,那么在單詞和語法沒問題的情況下,大概率是對文章句子間邏輯沒有把握到位。
其實,明確句子間的邏輯關(guān)系,可以方便你快速明白考點所在句的本質(zhì)含義。這也是我們老師在講解托福閱讀時,課上會強調(diào)的事情。
一般在托福閱讀文章中常出現(xiàn)的邏輯關(guān)系有這幾種:否定、因果、比較、轉(zhuǎn)折、并列、指代和順序;其中有否定、因果和比較這三種是在閱讀題目中必會涉及的。
今天我們就來給大家詳細說一說,不同的邏輯關(guān)系對應(yīng)的“信號詞”,熟練掌握這些邏輯關(guān)系詞,會在潛移默化中提升解題速度,提高正確率。
01
否定邏輯
【明顯否定關(guān)系詞】
no/not/none/neither/never/deny/rarely?
【隱性否定關(guān)系詞】
fail to/absence/lack/little/few/evaporate/
difficult/hard
【否定構(gòu)詞】
a-/ab-/abs- in-/il- mis- dis- mal- contra- anti- -less
相較于明顯否定關(guān)系詞,ETS更喜歡出的是隱含否定關(guān)系的詞??匆粋€例子。
Some hypotheses?fail to?account for simultaneous extinctions on land and in the seas. Each mass extinction may have had a different cause.(TPO 15 Reading)
翻譯的時候,直接將fail to當(dāng)成“不”處理,譯為:“有些假說不能解釋在陸地和海洋同時發(fā)生的物種滅絕。可能每次大規(guī)模物種滅絕都有不同的原因。”
02
因果邏輯
【明顯因果關(guān)系詞】:
because(of), since, for, due to, so that, thus, as a result, consequently...
(還有很多,不一一列舉,完整詞表可添加文末學(xué)姐領(lǐng)取)
【隱性因果關(guān)系詞】:
1、“發(fā)展促進”類單詞:
enable/stimulate/motivate/prompt/encourage/perfect/help/contribute to等
2、“導(dǎo)致”類單詞:
lead to/cause/give rise to/induce/trigger
/breed/engender 等
3、“影響破壞”類單詞:
affect/impact/damage/ruin/interfere/destroy等
4、“由來”類單詞:
come from/initiate from/derive from等
5、“關(guān)聯(lián)”類單詞:
is associated with/accompany /is linked to/is tied with/have to do with/relevance等
6、“依賴”類單詞:?
depend on/rely on等
需要格外注意的是,因果關(guān)系有以下兩種表現(xiàn)形式。
1.表“前因后果”的
Lead to, render, stimulate, push, motivate, be responsible to..
Eg. Any shortage could?pushup grain prices.?任何短缺都會推動糧價上漲(隱含著因為短缺造成價格上漲的因果關(guān)系)。
2.表“前果后因”的
Derive from, result from, come from, initiate from...
如TPO20中的一道句子簡化題:
The extreme serioue of desertification?results from?the vast areas of land and tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the proce.
在這段話中,根據(jù)result from可以推斷出有因果關(guān)系,且是“結(jié)果+result from+原因”。那么在選擇與其對應(yīng)的簡化句時,選項中有因果關(guān)系的應(yīng)優(yōu)先考慮。

03
比較邏輯
比較等級中最常考的是最高級,文章中只要出現(xiàn),題目必考!
【最高級/比較級關(guān)系詞】:
-est/-er/more/most/maximum/minimum/
favorite/top/否定詞+比較級=最高級?
【相似性比較詞】:
as/resemble/analogy/imitate/like/likewise/
correspondingly/copy/same/equal/identical/reproduce/similar/match/still/mimic.......
【差異性比較詞】:
change/opposite/compare/rather than
/unlike/contrary/converse/differ/opposecontrast/instead/distinct.......
04
轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯
but/nevertheless/despite/while it may be true/however/nonetheless/not withstanding/of course/while/although/albeit/in fact/(and) yet/even though/in spite of/actually/whereas/admittedly/regardless......
05
并列邏輯
and/or/both/either..or/except/further/too/other/from...to/other than/in addition /also/one ... another/not only... but also/likewise/moreover/again/some... others/hand/similarly/what is more/between/alternative/besides/coupled with?among/as well as/aside from/furthermore/meanwhile.......

06
舉例邏輯
for example/such as/for instance/to illustrate/? as an illustration/to demonstrate/chiefly/ especially/in particular/particularly/namely/specifically/for one thing/ case/in this case/like/that is/in other words/fact/e.g.
07
順序邏輯
【時間順序】
第一:first/at first/first of all/to begin with/ to start with /in the first place/initially
第二:second/secondly/in the second place
第三:third/thirdly/in the third place
然后:next/then/soon/after/afterward/subsequent/later/ follow
最后:last/at last/ast but not least/finally/eventually/to conclude/in conclusion/in the end/in summary/all in all/
to sum up/in sum /overall/to summarize/to be brief/ briefly/on the whole/in a word /in short/at length
現(xiàn)在:now/present/recent/current/today/modern/contemporary/so far
古代:early/before/pr ior/past/ago/ used to/ once/former/ previous/ initial
同時:at the same time/meanwhile/s si mmult aneously/conc urrently/
立刻:immediate/instant /rapid/prompt
持久:permanent/forever/always/ last/durability/long/ survive/continue/still
【位置順序】
上:over/beyond/a bove/up/top/ peak
下:under/beloow/ down/beneath/bottom
左:left
右:right
中間:middle/between/amid/among/center
里面:into/insidde
外面:outside
前:front/before
后:opposite/be hind/rear/back/against
遠方:further/in the distannce/out of sight/away from .
旁邊附近:side/beside/around/surrounding/alongsi de/next to/
by/near/nearby/adjacent/neighbor
其他:
here/there/across/along/elsewhere/east/west/north/south/throughout
08
指代邏輯
this/that/these/those/such/they/he/she/we/it ?

需要完整文檔可掃碼添加文末學(xué)姐免費領(lǐng)取
以上就是給大家總結(jié)的八種閱讀邏輯關(guān)系詞,希望大家能好好掌握,并且在閱讀題目中學(xué)會識別運用,讓自己的托福成績穩(wěn)步提升~
如果還有同學(xué)不知道如何在閱讀中如何快速識別出題點,正確定位答案位置,都可以找雷哥托福來進行閱讀專項課程咨詢哦~所有的閱讀滿分秘訣都會在課堂上全部分享給大家!