今天我們一起精讀《CNN News》5.20社論

Suicide rates in girls are rising, study finds, especially in those age 10 to 14

女孩自s率不斷攀升，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，10-14歲年齡段的女孩情況更嚴(yán)重。

這篇文章共12段，加油！

譯文及學(xué)習(xí)筆記：

*序號按照原文段落順序排列

*中文譯文為筆者自譯，僅供學(xué)習(xí)交流使用，如有任何錯(cuò)誤或不同意見，誠請批評指正!

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Suicide rates for young girls are rising at a pace faster than that of boys, changing the?established patterns?that boys are more likely to die by suicide and that girls are more likely to consider it and attempt it, according to a new study.

一項(xiàng)新研究顯示，女孩自s率增長的速度遠(yuǎn)超男孩，改變了男孩更容易因?yàn)樽詓而si亡的既定模式，如今女孩更愿意考慮并嘗試自s。

established patterns

既定模式

It's the return to the established pattern.

這是由固定思維模式得到的結(jié)論。

It followed an established pattern.

那是遵循老一套的程序。

2

Researchers at Nationwide Children’s Hospital in in Columbus, Ohio analyzed suicide rates of US kids and teens ages 10 to 19 between 1975 and 2016 using the Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database, run by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.In that period, there were more than 85,000 suicides in kids and teens, with 80% in boys and 20% in girls. The rates of suicide peaked in 1993 and had been on the decline until 2007, when they again started to climb, according to the findings, published Friday in JAMA.

俄亥俄州哥倫布市全國兒童醫(yī)院的研究員使用流行病學(xué)研究數(shù)據(jù)庫的大量在線數(shù)據(jù)，分析美國1975年至2016年間10-19歲孩子和青少年的自s率，這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫由美國疾病控制和預(yù)防中心運(yùn)營。在那段時(shí)期，超過8.5萬名兒童喝青少年si于自s，男孩占80%，女孩占20%。根據(jù)JAMA在周五發(fā)布的報(bào)告顯示，自s率于1993年達(dá)到了頂峰，之后一路下降直至2007年，這一年自s率再度開始攀升。

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Although boys were 3.8 times more likely than girls to kill themselves over the 40-year study period, the gap is rapidly narrowing. Starting in 2007, the rates of suicide for girls 10 to 14 increased 12.7% per year, compared with 7.1% for boys the same age. A similar trend was seen for teens 15 to 19, with rates of suicide going up 7.9% for girls and 3.5% for boys.

在長達(dá)40年的研究中，雖然男孩自s的傾向性是女孩的3.8倍，但這一差距在迅速縮小。2007年開始，10-14歲之間女孩的自s率年均增長12.7%，而同年齡段的男孩增速才7.1%。15-19歲青少年也有著相似的趨勢，女孩的自s率上升7.0%，而男孩的上升3.5%。

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Boys 15 to 19 continued to take their own lives using firearms at far greater rates than girls, but the rates of hanging and?suffocation?in girls approached those of boys.Suicide is the second leading cause of death in kids and teens ages 10 to 19 in the United States after accidents and unintentional injuries, according to the CDC. Rates of suicide have historically been higher in boys than in girls across all age groups.

15-19歲之間的男孩使用槍的自s率遠(yuǎn)超女孩，而女孩上吊和窒息自s率接近使用同樣方式的男孩。根據(jù)CDC，自s已經(jīng)成為美國10-19歲間兒童和青少年si亡的第二大原因，僅排在事故意外si亡之后。從歷史上看，所有年齡組男孩的自s率都比女孩高。

suffocation

[?s?f??ke???n]

窒息; 窒息樂隊(duì); 絞殺

5

Girls turning to more lethal means is cause for?“great concern,”?explained lead author Donna Ruch, research scientist at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, adding that girls continue to attempt suicide at higher rates and the shift toward more?lethal?methods could have dire consequences for the rates of completed suicide in this group.

女孩轉(zhuǎn)向使用更加致命的方式自s是“非常令人擔(dān)憂的”，全國兒童醫(yī)院的研究科學(xué)家也是論文第一作者的Donna Ruch解釋道，“女孩企圖自s的比率在不斷上升，而向更加致命方式的轉(zhuǎn)變可能會(huì)對這個(gè)群體的完全自s率產(chǎn)生極壞的影響”。

lethal

/?li?θl/

adj.致命的;可致si的;危害極大的;破壞性極大的

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The study was not designed to determine the reasons behind the troubling trends, explained Dr. Joan Luby, a child and adolescent?psychiatrist?at the Washington University School of Medicine, and Sarah Kertz, a clinical psychologist at Southern Illinois University, in a commentary published alongside the study in JAMA.But given the short period of time over which the rates of suicide have spiked for young girls, Luby and Kertz point to social media as a likely contributor.

華盛頓大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院兒童和青少年精神病學(xué)家Joan Luby博士和南伊利諾斯大學(xué)臨床心理學(xué)家Sarah Kertz在JAMA論文旁邊發(fā)表的一篇評論上說明道，這項(xiàng)研究用意不是為了找到這種糟糕趨勢的原因。但是考慮到女孩自s率在短時(shí)間內(nèi)飆升，Luby和Kertz指出社交媒體有可能是原因之一。

psychiatrist

/sa??ka??tr?st/

n.精神科醫(yī)生;精神病學(xué)家

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Girls may be more vulnerable to the negative effects of social media

女孩可能更易受到社交媒體的負(fù)面影響

“Compared with boys, girls use social media more frequently and are more likely to experience cyberbullying,”?Luby and Kertz wrote.?Girls who are depressed also?elicit?more negative responses from their friends on social media than boys, they added.?Combined, they say, these findings suggest that the negative effects of social media may be stronger on girls and may provide one explanation for why young girls are more vulnerable to suicidal thoughts and behaviors.?Yet social media may be just one piece of the puzzle.

Luby和Kertz寫道：“與男孩相比，女孩使用社交媒體更加頻繁，而且更容易經(jīng)歷網(wǎng)暴，”他們還補(bǔ)充道，“抑郁的女孩在社交媒體上的朋友那里得到的負(fù)面反映比男孩更多”。綜合來說，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)表明社交媒體的負(fù)面作用對女孩來說比男孩更強(qiáng)，這也為年輕女孩對自s的想法和行為更脆弱。然而，社交媒體可能僅僅是一部分原因。

Elicit

/i?l?s?t/

V.引起;誘發(fā);引出;誘出;引出,探出;

Mr Norris said he was hopeful that his request would elicit a positive response

諾里斯先生說希望他的請求能夠引起積極反響。

Her tears elicited great sympathy from her audience.

她的眼淚博得觀眾的無限同情。

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The role of?societal?rules and expectations

社會(huì)規(guī)則和預(yù)期的作用

“We know that certain societal rules and expectations for women can be associated with higher rates of mental health issues and suicide rates,”?said Dr. Barbara Robles-Ramamurthy, child and adolescent psychiatrist at the Long School of Medicine at UT Health San Antonio, who was not involved in the study.?“Then you add a possible biological component?–?hormones?–?and a genetic predisposition.”

“我們知道一些對女性的社會(huì)規(guī)則和期望與較高的精神健康問題和自s率是相關(guān)的”，得克薩斯大學(xué)圣安東尼奧健康科學(xué)中心兒童和青少年精神病學(xué)家Barbara Robles-Ramamurthy教授說道，雖然沒有參與這項(xiàng)研究，“然后，再加上一些可能的生物學(xué)原因，比如激素和遺傳傾向”。

Societal

/s??sa??tl/

adj.社會(huì)的;關(guān)于社會(huì)的

9

Another reason for the rise in depression and suicidal behaviors for both boys and girls may be more stress and pressure being placed on kids, said Dr. Gene Beresin, executive director of the Clay Center for Young Healthy Minds at Massachusetts General Hospital and professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, who also was not involved in the study.

哈弗醫(yī)學(xué)院精神病學(xué)教授、馬薩諸塞州總醫(yī)院克萊青少年健康心理中心的執(zhí)行董事Gene Beresin也沒有參與這項(xiàng)研究，他表示，男孩和女孩抑郁和自s行為飆升的另一個(gè)原因可能是給孩子施加了太多壓力。

10

“Kids are feeling more pressure to achieve, more pressure in school, and are more worried about making a living than in previous years,”?he said.?In isolation, none of these factors has been proven to lead to an increase in suicidal behaviors and ultimately suicide, but taken together, a pattern begins to emerge, Beresin said.

Beresin?說道：“比起幾年前，現(xiàn)在的孩子實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的壓力、在學(xué)校的壓力和生存壓力都更大”。孤立地來看，這些因素沒有一個(gè)被證明會(huì)導(dǎo)致自s行為以及最終的自s，但是放在一起來看，這種就模式出現(xiàn)了。

11

Recognizing warning signs in children and teens

識別兒童和青少年的警告信號

Mental?illness?–?especially when it comes to depression and anxiety?–?can be silent or manifest in ways parents would not expect, Robles-Ramamurthy said. In addition to sadness, depression in kids and teens can manifest as anger and irritability.?“It’s very normal for your child to start getting a little more moody and?defiant,”?she said of the teenage years.?“But if you start seeing drastic changes, their academic performance is declining, they’re not spending as much time with family or isolating themselves, those are big red flags.”

Robles-Ramamurthy說道，精神疾病——特別是抑郁和焦慮——可能是沉默的或者父母不能發(fā)現(xiàn)的一些表現(xiàn)方式。除了傷心，兒童和青少年額抑郁可能表現(xiàn)為憤怒和激怒。她說在青少年時(shí)期，“你的孩子開始變得更加情緒化和叛逆是非常正常的，但是如果你開始看到巨大的變化，他們的學(xué)習(xí)成績不斷下降，他們沒有花那么多時(shí)間與家人待在一起，或者自我隔離，這些都是很大的危險(xiǎn)信號?！?/p>

defiant

adj.公然違抗的;反抗的;挑釁的

12

If those behaviors are present, Robles-Ramamurthy recommends asking teens clearly whether they feel depressed or have considered hurting themselves or ending their lives. Asking these questions directly does not increase the risk of suicide, she added.

如果存在這些行為，Robles-Ramamurthy?建議向青少年問清楚他們是否感到抑郁或者想要傷害自己或自s。她補(bǔ)充道，直接詢問這些問題并不會(huì)增加自s的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

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