原文標(biāo)題：
The glass-ceiling index
Gap year
Is the gender pay gap opening up again?
玻璃天花板指數(shù)
間隔年
男女薪資差距再度擴(kuò)大？

With luck, the increase in 2021 was a blip
幸運(yùn)的是，2021年指數(shù)增加只是一個(gè)插曲

[Paragraph 1]
ON AVERAGE, WOMEN earn less than men. Much of this is because of the jobs they perform, by choice or social expectation; these are often worse-paid than typical male occupations.
平均而言，女性的薪資低于男性。這很大程度上是因?yàn)樗齻兯鶑氖碌穆殬I(yè)，不論是自主選擇還是社會(huì)期望，薪資通常比男性從事的職業(yè)低。

Some, as when women’s pay is lower for the same position, is the result of discrimination.
有些情況下，比如相同職位女性薪資低于男性，這便是歧視的結(jié)果。

Before the covid-19 pandemic, the gap between median male and female wages was at least edging down.
在新冠之前，男女薪資中位數(shù)之間的差距至少有所縮小。

The Economist’s glass-ceiling index of female workplace empowerment, published each year on March 8th, international women’s day, shows that this salutary trend reversed in 2021 in some of the mostly rich members of the OECD, including Britain and Canada (see chart).
每年3月8日的國(guó)際婦女節(jié)，《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》會(huì)公布職場(chǎng)女性賦權(quán)的“玻璃天花板指數(shù)”，2021年的指數(shù)出現(xiàn)了逆轉(zhuǎn)令人欣慰的趨勢(shì)，例如OECD發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家俱樂(lè)部中的英國(guó)和加拿大（見(jiàn)圖表）。

[Paragraph 2]
One explanation is a hangover from the pandemic.
其中一個(gè)解釋是疫情的后遺癥。

When hotels, restaurants and shops shut their doors amid lockdowns, their workers’ wages suffered disproportionately. And those workers were disproportionately women.
在封鎖期間，當(dāng)旅館、餐館和商店關(guān)閉時(shí)，員工的薪資下降嚴(yán)重。而這些工人中，女性占比較高。

If so, the widening pay gap may have been a blip: demand from employers in these sectors has been hot since economies began to reopen.
如果是這樣，薪資差距擴(kuò)大可能只是一時(shí)的。自從經(jīng)濟(jì)重開(kāi)以來(lái)，這些行業(yè)的雇主用人需求一直很旺。

Americans working in leisure and hospitality have seen their earnings grow faster than those toiling in more male-dominated industries such as transport over the past year or so.
在過(guò)去一年左右的時(shí)間里，美國(guó)休閑和酒店業(yè)從業(yè)人員的收入增長(zhǎng)速度比男性主導(dǎo)的行業(yè)（如交通運(yùn)輸）從業(yè)人員要快。

[Paragraph 3]
The return to the pre-pandemic trend will be helped by women’s gains at the other end of the income spectrum.
另一端女性的高收入將有助于指數(shù)回歸疫情前的趨勢(shì)。

In 2022 the share of board members across the OECD who were women crept over 30% for the first time.
在2022年，OECD中董事會(huì)成員中女性的比例首次超過(guò)30%。

MSCI now expects parity by 2038, four years earlier than previous estimates.
現(xiàn)在MSCI估計(jì)2038年會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)男女薪資平等，比之前的估計(jì)提前了4年。

Only 64 out of 3,000 or so big companies in the research firm’s global stock index had a female-majority board. But that was double the number in 2021 and includes giants like Citigroup and Shell.
根據(jù)MSCI全球股票指數(shù)，約3000家大公司中只有64家董事會(huì)的女性占多數(shù)。但這已經(jīng)是2021年的2倍，包括花旗集團(tuán)和殼牌等巨頭公司。

Analysis just published by Moody’s, a credit-rating agency, shows that such firms in North America have consistently higher credit ratings.
信用評(píng)級(jí)機(jī)構(gòu)“穆迪”最近發(fā)布的分析表明，北美這類公司一直具有更高的信用評(píng)級(jí)。

Disentangling cause and effect is not easy. Empowering women ought to be.
理順因果關(guān)系并不容易，但賦予女性更多權(quán)力應(yīng)該是明確的方向。

（恭喜讀完，本篇英語(yǔ)詞匯量 350左右）
原文出自：2023年3月11日《The Economist》Business版塊。

精讀筆記來(lái)源于：自由英語(yǔ)之路

本文翻譯整理: Irene

本文編輯校對(duì): Irene
僅供個(gè)人英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)交流使用。

【補(bǔ)充資料】（來(lái)自于網(wǎng)絡(luò)）
玻璃天花板指數(shù)The glass-ceiling index是一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)，用于描述某個(gè)國(guó)家中女性在職場(chǎng)上晉升的難度。這個(gè)指數(shù)通過(guò)考慮女性在工作場(chǎng)所中受到的性別歧視以及她們的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況和社會(huì)地位等因素來(lái)測(cè)量。這些因素包括女性在工作市場(chǎng)上的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)、收入差距、政策支持、教育水平等等。這個(gè)指數(shù)是由經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人雜志所創(chuàng)建的，用于衡量世界各國(guó)女性在職場(chǎng)上面臨的障礙程度。通常來(lái)說(shuō)，這個(gè)指數(shù)越高，說(shuō)明該國(guó)女性在職場(chǎng)中晉升的難度越大。

MSCI是指摩根士丹利資本國(guó)際（Morgan Stanley Capital International），是一家國(guó)際性的金融服務(wù)公司，提供全球性的投資決策支持和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理工具。MSCI的主要業(yè)務(wù)包括開(kāi)發(fā)和維護(hù)一系列用于衡量不同市場(chǎng)、行業(yè)、公司等的指數(shù)，為投資者提供定量化的投資標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和參考，同時(shí)也提供投資組合管理和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理工具等服務(wù)。MSCI指數(shù)被廣泛用于金融市場(chǎng)中，包括被用作金融產(chǎn)品的基準(zhǔn)和投資組合管理的工具。

【重點(diǎn)句子】（3?個(gè)）
Some, as when women’s pay is lower for the same position, is the result of discrimination.
有些情況下，比如相同職位女性收入低于男性，這便是歧視的結(jié)果。

If so, the widening pay gap may have been a blip: demand from employers in these sectors has been hot since economies began to reopen.
如果是這樣，薪資差距擴(kuò)大可能只是一時(shí)的。自從經(jīng)濟(jì)重開(kāi)以來(lái)，這些行業(yè)的雇主用人需求一直很旺。

Disentangling cause and effect is not easy. Empowering women ought to be.
理順因果關(guān)系并不容易，但賦予女性更多權(quán)力應(yīng)該是明確的方向。