正文翻譯

法國在文化上更接近英國/德國還是意大利/西班牙?

評論翻譯

Emmanuel Brun d'Aubignosc
It depends who you ask.
France has been united over the centuries. But it used to be a very divided country with different languages and cultural influences.
The people in the south consider themselves as Latins and consider the Italians and the Spanish as their cousins. The people in the most eastern part are very close to Germany, they eat about the same things as the Germans and used to speak Germanic dialects. The people in the far north are practically Belgians. The people from Brittany are culturally and ethnically closer to the Welsh. The Normans are the French Vikings who took over England at the battle of Hastings in 1066.
All French people share a common cultural references thanks to TV, a common language thank to school, but there still is a big difference between the north and the south. When I’m in the deep south it almost feels like a different country and I don’t always understand the people.

這取決于你問誰。
幾個世紀以來，法國一直是統(tǒng)一的。但它曾經(jīng)是一個非常分裂的國家，有不同的語言和文化影響。南部的人認為自己是拉丁人，認為意大利人和西班牙人是他們的表親。最東部的人與德國非常接近，他們吃的東西和德國人差不多，過去常說日耳曼方言。住在最北部的人實際上是比利時人。來自布列塔尼的人在文化和種族上更接近威爾士人。諾曼人是法國維京人，他們在1066年的黑斯廷斯戰(zhàn)役中接管了英國。由于有電視，所有法國人都有共同的文化參照，由于有學校，所有法國人都有共同的語言，但北方和南方仍然有很大的差異。當我在南方腹地時，感覺就像在一個不同的國家，我總是不了解那里的人。
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Alex Marquès
Perhaps we should remember that a similar argument can be made about Spain and Italy, where several different languages are spoken and there is a lot of cultural variety. It begs the question, what Italy or what Spain was the OP thinking of?
That ‘cultural-linguistic divide’ is not a Germanic-Romance opposition, anyway. French derived from vulgar Latin, just like Occitan and any other Romance language, and remains a Romance language today. Even by 842 AD, when Charlemagne’s succesors took posession of the eastern and western halves of the Carolingian empire, they had to take their oaths in Romance and Germanic, so the other side’s troops understood what they said. The Oaths of Strasbourg
are written proof of the linguistic and cultural east-west divide within the Carolingian Empire, long after the Franks settled in Latin-speaking Gaul. The old-French Romance that developed there, despite its borrowings, wasn’t mutually inteligible with the Germanic Frankish of their cousins. Yes, neighbouring countries will influence one another, but such differences settled and grew, making French a culture with a millennary history.

也許我們應該記住，在西班牙和意大利也可以進行類似的討論，這兩個國家有幾種不同的語言，有很多不同的文化。這就引出了一個問題，意大利或者西班牙到底怎么看的?無論如何，這種“文化-語言鴻溝”并不是日耳曼語-羅曼語之間的對立。法語起源于粗俗的拉丁語，就像奧克語和任何其他羅曼語系一樣，直到今天仍然是羅曼語起源的。甚至到了公元842年，當查理曼大帝的繼任者占領(lǐng)了加洛林帝國的東西兩部分時，他們必須用羅曼語和日耳曼語宣誓，這樣對方的軍隊才能聽懂他們說的話?！端固乩贡な脑~》是法蘭克人定居在講拉丁語的高盧很久之后，加洛林帝國東西方語言和文化差異的書面證明。在那里發(fā)展起來的古法國羅曼語，盡管借用了一些語言，但與表親的日耳曼法蘭克語并不相互理解。是的，相鄰的國家會相互影響，但這種差異逐漸形成和發(fā)展，使法國成為一種具有千年歷史的文化。

Cleyton Cabral
I met frech people from pretty much all parts of france and I never noticed that they consider themslves this or that but surely FRENCH. In my opinion people from all parts of france have a great sense of nationalism for France and its culture.

我遇到過來自法國各地的法國人，我從來沒有注意到他們認為自己是這樣或那樣的人，但肯定都自認是法國人。在我看來，來自法國各地的人們對法國及其文化有著強烈的民族主義意識。

Kevin Bertet
Thank you very much! I never understood these theories that in the south they feel ? Latin ? and in the north ? Germanic ?. I’m from the South-West ( from Dordogne department, north-east of Bordeaux) and I don’t feel Spanish. When I went to Paris or anywhere in the northern part, I didn’t feel like a foreigner. Whether I’m in Lille or Toulouse, I feel home, I’m French. Period. Of course, it might’ve been different one or two centuries ago but still, France has been a unified and very centralized country for centuries. And I know for sure that people in the north of France don’t feel British, Dutch or German. They feel French too and they would always feel closer to a southern French than a citizen of the above mentioned countries. We live in the same country, speak the same language, we all had the same school experience, with the same subjects and topics. Almost everyone watch national channels on TV, and not regional. So, yeah, we’re French. Period.

非常感謝。所謂南方法國人的拉丁感和北方法國人的日耳曼感，這種說法，我是從來沒有理解過。我來自西南部(波爾多東北部的多爾多涅區(qū))，我不覺得自己是西班牙人。當我去巴黎或北部的任何地方時，我不覺得自己像個外國人。無論我在里爾還是圖盧茲，我都有家的感覺，我是法國人。當然，一兩個世紀前可能會有所不同，但幾個世紀以來，法國一直是一個統(tǒng)一的、非常中央集權(quán)的國家。我確信法國北部的人不會覺得自己是英國人、荷蘭人或德國人。他們也覺得自己是法國人，他們總是覺得自己與法國南部的人比上述國家的公民更親近。我們生活在同一個國家，說著同樣的語言，我們都有同樣的學校經(jīng)歷，有同樣的科目和話題。幾乎每個人都看全國性的電視頻道，而不是地區(qū)性的。是的，我們是法國人。

Daniel Sullivan
Genetically Northern France or North Central Northwestern France genetically is closer to the British and Irish especially also in looks. Northeastern France Eastern France have mixtures with Germany. Southwestern part of France with Spain like Catalonians and Basques. They are genetically related since ancient times. Even down to dialects and languages. Southeastern France bordering Italy genetically and linguistically related since ancient times.

從基因上看，法國北部或中北部的西北部地區(qū)更接近英國和愛爾蘭人，尤其是在長相上。法國東部和德國有混血。法國西南部，有西班牙的加泰羅尼亞人和巴斯克人血統(tǒng)。他們自古以來就有血緣關(guān)系。甚至包括方言和語言。法國東南部與意大利接壤的地區(qū)自古以來就與意大利有遺傳學和語言學上的聯(lián)系。

Lucas Villar
Italy/Spain by a large margin. Italy and Spain have Latin culture like France.
You can see that in many features, starting with language, French shares over an 80% lexical similarity with Italian and Spanish, being a Romance language, it also has the same grammatical base as them. France is Roman Catholic like the Mediterranean pair. France has a culture and lifestyle closer to Italy and Spain, starting with their love for food and extensive food culture especially wine and cheese which is universal of Latin countries but nothing like Britain or Germany. In terms of traditions too, Mediterranean France has Spanish traditions like bullfighting and ferias. If you look at it historically, not only is France more prolific in the same fields as the other Latins such as arts, France has always followed the same artistic styles and cultursl movements as Italy and Spain, many times literally copying them from one of the two (Picasso or Da Vinci made big apportions to French culture for example or architecture Paris neoclassicism or modernism are typically Spanish and Italian) that is hardly the case of the other ones, France rarely if ever has copied British and German culture for their own, mostly preferring the other two.

意大利/西班牙遙遙領(lǐng)先。意大利和西班牙像法國一樣有拉丁文化。你可以看到在許多特征中，例如語言，法語與意大利語和西班牙語有超過80%的詞匯相似，作為羅曼語，它們也有相同的語法基礎。法國的文化和生活方式更接近意大利和西班牙，首先是他們對食物的熱愛和豐富的飲食文化，特別是葡萄酒和奶酪，這是拉丁國家普遍存在的，不像英國或德國。在傳統(tǒng)方面，地中海地區(qū)的法國也有西班牙傳統(tǒng)，比如斗牛和嘉年華。如果從歷史上看，法國不僅在藝術(shù)等領(lǐng)域比其他拉丁國家更多產(chǎn)，而且法國一直遵循著意大利和西班牙一樣的藝術(shù)風格和文化運動，多次地復制他們的兩個,法國幾乎從不復制英國和德國的文化。

Benjamin Gessel
Indeed. Britain and Germany are/have always been more oriented around military might, economic power, industrial strength, etc.

確實。英國和德國總是以軍事實力、經(jīng)濟實力、工業(yè)實力等為導向。

Sandrine Chouard
True …
BUT :
The North of France has lots of cultural similarities with the UK (and/or the Netherlands/Belgium).*
Alsace & Lorraine has a lot of similarities with Germany …
Brittany shares Celtic traits so maybe close to say, Ireland….
And ALL OF THIS is perhaps whats make France rather unique.

是的。
但是：
法國北部與英國(或荷蘭/比利時)有很多相似的文化。
阿爾薩斯和洛林與德國有很多相似之處…
布列塔尼具有凱爾特人的特點，所以可以說與愛爾蘭相近……
也許這就是法國的獨特之處。

Christophe Gourraud
France is at the crossroads between Mediterranean and Northern European countries, between Latin and Germanic countries.
The South West is closer to Spain, the South East to Italy. Bretons feel close to Celtic countries of the British isles, Alsatians were Germans not so long ago.
The typical Northern French does not look like the typical Southern French. He is likely to speak in a different family of accents. But both share the equal French identity and culture. This is part of the French melting pot, that extends with people of other origins and skin colors. The black immigrant from today is not so different than the Breton from last century.

法國處于地中海和北歐國家、拉丁和日耳曼國家之間的十字路口。西南面靠近西班牙，東南面靠近意大利。布雷頓人感覺與不列顛群島的凱爾特國家很親近，阿爾薩斯人不久前還是德國人。典型的法國北部和典型的法國南部并不相同。他們說話可能操不同的口音。但兩者都擁有同樣的法國身份和文化。這是法國大熔爐的一部分，延伸到其他血統(tǒng)和膚色的人。今天的黑人移民與上個世紀的布雷頓人并沒有太大的不同。

Liam Johnson
Difficult to say. France is a large country. On the whole, probably Spain/Italy. But the French don’t conform to the Latin stereotype. Italians, for example, are generally thought of as warm, emotional, passionate and hot-blooded. The French, in my experience, are more restrained and melancholic. I’ve never really thought of them as a Mediterranean people. Surprisingly, they are quite like the British in several ways. In fact, the artistic/intellectual/cultural elite of Paris and London have a great deal in common with each other – more than with their own working classes. The British and French have a long and intertwined history. Their elites had been fighting, but also exchanging ideas, for centuries before Germany even existed. If you look at the timeline of English and French literature, it is interesting to see the constant exchange: Shakespeare was influenced by Montaigne, Voltaire was influenced by Alexander Pope, Dickens was a Francophile, and so was Oscar Wilde, while Proust was influenced by John Ruskin, and so on. Then again, I’m an English Francophile, so I would say that!

難說。法國是個很大的國家?？偟膩碚f，可能是西班牙和意大利加起來那么大。但法國人不符合拉丁人的刻板印象。例如，意大利人通常被認為是熱情、情緒化、和熱血的。根據(jù)我的經(jīng)驗，法國人更克制，更憂郁。我從來沒想過他們是地中海人。令人驚訝的是，他們在很多方面都很像英國人。事實上，巴黎和倫敦的藝術(shù)/知識/文化精英有很多共同之處，比他們自己的工人階級的共同之處還要多。英法兩國有著悠久而錯綜復雜的歷史。在德國誕生之前的幾個世紀里，他們的精英們就一直在戰(zhàn)斗，但也在交流思想。如果你看看英國和法國文學的時間線，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)他們之間的交流是很有趣的:莎士比亞受到蒙田的影響，伏爾泰受到亞歷山大·蒲伯的影響，狄更斯是親法國的，奧斯卡·王爾德也是，而普魯斯特受到約翰·拉斯金的影響，等等。話說回來，我是一個英國的親法派，所以我會這么說!