原文標(biāo)題：
How to tackle loneliness
Five years on, is Britain’s strategy to combat loneliness working?
Why it’s worth fighting harder against loneliness
如何應(yīng)對孤獨感？
5年過去了，英國對抗孤獨感的策略有效果嗎？
人們應(yīng)該更加努力地與孤獨感作斗爭，為什么值得一搏呢？

[Paragraph 1]

“WHERE DO THEY all come from?” wondered Paul McCartney in 1966.

1966年，保羅·麥卡特尼心生疑問：“它們都是從哪里來的？”。

Britain’s government has taken a more analytical approach to lonely people.

英國政府對孤獨人群采取了更具分析性的方法。

Five years ago it launched a “l(fā)oneliness strategy”, to tackle “one of the greatest public-health challenges of our time.”

5年前，英國推出了一項“孤獨戰(zhàn)略”，以應(yīng)對“我們這個時代最大的公共衛(wèi)生挑戰(zhàn)之一”。

The Office for National Statistics (ONS) developed measures to test it.The government provided funds for research.

國家統(tǒng)計局（ONS）制定了相應(yīng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行測試。政府提供經(jīng)費進(jìn)行研究。

It told doctors to try “social prescribing”, sending patients to social events rather than to the pharmacy. And it appointed a loneliness minister.
政府要求醫(yī)生嘗試“社交處方”，讓病人去參加社交活動，而不是去藥房。政府還任命了一位孤獨部長。

[Paragraph 2]

Loneliness is one of many briefs that Andrew Stuart, MP for Pudsey, West Yorkshire, has at the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport.

“孤獨”是西約克郡普德西市議員安德魯·斯圖爾特在數(shù)字、文化、媒體和體育部的眾多事務(wù)之一。

Yet it is tempting to scoff. Stephen Colbert, a comedian, joked that “Minister for Loneliness” sounded like “a Victorian euphemism for ‘gigolo’”.

然而，這很容易引來嘲笑。喜劇演員斯蒂芬·科爾伯特調(diào)侃說，“孤獨部長”聽起來像是“維多利亞時代對‘舞男’的委婉稱呼”。

Loneliness is hard to pin down: the government defines it as “a subjective, unwelcome feeling of lack or loss of companionship.”

孤獨很難界定：政府將其定義為“主觀的、不受歡迎的缺乏或失去陪伴的感覺”。

Like all emotions, it is difficult to measure. So is the success of interventions designed to tackle it.
與所有情緒一樣，很難衡量孤獨。因此，旨在解決孤獨問題的干預(yù)措施也很難成功。

[Paragraph 3]

It has probably become more common. Some 8.3m people lived alone in 2022, a 16% increase in two decades.

孤獨感更加蔓延了。2022年，約有830萬人獨自生活，20年來增長了16%。

Many Britons have less cash for going out than before. And socialising online is no substitute for the real thing.

許多英國人出門的現(xiàn)金比以前少了。在線社交不能替代真實的社交。

[Paragraph 4]

The Campaign to End Loneliness, a charity, says 7% of British adults report being lonely often or always.

慈善機(jī)構(gòu)“終結(jié)孤獨運動”表示，7%的英國成年人稱經(jīng)?；蚩偸歉械焦陋殹?br>

Those aged between 16 and 29 are twice as likely to report feeling lonely as those over 70.

16-29歲年輕人報告的孤獨感是70歲以上老人的2倍。

A large study by Pamela Qualter, a professor of psychology at Manchester University, and others found that people in countries (like Britain and America) that score high for individualism also report greater loneliness.
曼徹斯特大學(xué)心理學(xué)教授帕梅拉·奎爾特和其他人的一項大型研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在個人主義得分較高的國家（如英國和美國），人們也更容易感到孤獨。

[Paragraph 5]

This matters because it seems to have a terrible effect on health.

這很重要，因為孤獨似乎對健康有著非常糟糕的影響。

A large study in Nature Human Behaviour, a journal, found that people who are lonely are more likely to die early.

《自然人類行為》雜志上的一項大型研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，孤獨的人更有可能早逝。

That may be because they have no one to remind them to eat healthily, exercise or go to the doctor.

這可能是因為沒有人提醒他們健康飲食、鍛煉或看醫(yī)生。

Stress and unhappiness may affect the body in ways not yet understood. The sick may also be more likely to become socially isolated.
壓力和不快樂可能以一種未知的方式影響身體。病人也可能更容易被社會孤立。

[Paragraph 6]

The government has done much to reduce stigma around mental ill health: the NHS repeatedly encourages people to consider their mental state (though it is unable to provide talking therapy to many who need it).

為了減少心理健康問題帶來的恥辱，政府做了很多工作：英國國家醫(yī)療保健服務(wù)體系一再鼓勵人們關(guān)注自己的心理狀態(tài)（盡管系統(tǒng)無法大量為需要的人提供談話治療）。

Mr Stuart hopes the same thing will happen with loneliness. That seems unlikely because admitting to loneliness can seem to reflect on a person in painfully personal ways.

斯圖爾特也希望人們能同樣關(guān)注自己的孤獨感。這似乎不太可能，因為承認(rèn)自己孤獨似乎會令個人痛苦。

Depression can strike anyone; no one wants to be thought of as love-less or friendless.
（久而久之）抑郁癥隨時會降臨到任何人的頭上；沒有人希望被認(rèn)為是沒有愛或沒有朋友的人。

[Paragraph 7]

Having public figures talk about loneliness would help. Alluding to specific causes is a useful start.

讓公眾人物談?wù)摴陋毟袝兴鶐椭?。提及具體原因是一個良好的開端。

That is why Mr Stuart talks about growing up gay, and feeling alone.

因此，斯圖爾特談到了他成長過程中的同性戀身份和孤獨感。

Speaking about loneliness might also encourage people to consider that others are suffering. Small interactions are crucial, says Professor Qualter.
談?wù)摴陋毟锌赡芤矔膭钊藗內(nèi)リP(guān)注正遭受孤獨的其他人。奎爾特教授說小小的互動至關(guān)重要。

[Paragraph 8]

With this in mind the government has funded a few initiatives.

有鑒于此，政府資助了一些舉措。

NHS receptionists are being trained to identify lonely people.Not every harried staffer considers that the old man who arrives hours early for his appointment might not have seen anyone in days.

英國國家醫(yī)療保健服務(wù)體系的前臺人員正在接受培訓(xùn)，以識別孤獨的人。并不是每個忙碌的員工都意識到，提前幾個小時來就診的老人可能已經(jīng)好幾天沒見過人了。

People who sign up for such courses seem likely to be empathetic already, though.

不過，報名參加此類培訓(xùn)的人似乎已經(jīng)具備了同理心。

Lesley Emongo, a receptionist in Peterborough, says the training gave her strategies for dealing with the many lonely patients she encounters.
彼得伯勒的前臺人員萊斯利·埃蒙戈說，培訓(xùn)為她應(yīng)對那些孤獨的病人提供了策略。

[Paragraph 9]

The ONS’s standard questions for surveys may be the most useful intervention.

國家統(tǒng)計局的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)調(diào)查問題可能是最有用的干預(yù)措施。

It hopes academics and charities will measure loneliness in the same way so “we will build a much better evidence base more quickly”.

它希望學(xué)術(shù)界和慈善界能以同樣的方式來衡量孤獨感，這樣“我們就能更快地建立一個更好的證據(jù)基礎(chǔ)”。

Professor Qualter says there is no evidence yet that any interventions have been effective.This may be because the things that make people lonely—such as poverty or disabilities—also make them hard to reach.

奎爾特教授說，目前還沒有證據(jù)表明任何干預(yù)措施是有效的。這可能是因為讓人們感到孤獨的原因——比如貧困或殘疾——也是讓他們很難接觸的結(jié)果。

[Paragraph 10]

The professor would like to see more ambition, including designing public services with spaces that encourage congregation.

這位教授希望看到更多的雄心壯志，包括設(shè)計能促進(jìn)人群聚集的公共服務(wù)空間。

Austerity brought brutal cuts to many places, like youth clubs, where people once gathered.

緊縮政策使許多場所數(shù)量大幅削減，比如人們曾經(jīng)聚集的青年俱樂部。

A loneliness strategy is unlikely to make up for those losses.
一個孤獨戰(zhàn)略很難彌補(bǔ)這些損失。

（恭喜讀完，本篇英語詞匯量716左右）
原文出自：2023年8月12日《The Economist》Britain版塊
精讀筆記來源于：自由英語之路

本文翻譯整理: Irene

本文編輯校對: Irene
僅供個人英語學(xué)習(xí)交流使用。

【補(bǔ)充資料】（來自于網(wǎng)絡(luò)）
英國的孤獨戰(zhàn)略Loneliness Strategy。英國投票決定脫離歐盟后，歐洲人曾開玩笑說，脫歐會讓英國成為一個被隔離的孤獨島國。事實上，英國的確存在嚴(yán)重的孤獨問題。喬·考克斯孤獨委員會（Jo Cox Commission on Loneliness）2017年發(fā)布的報告顯示，英國有超過900多萬人經(jīng)?；蚩偸歉械焦陋?。該問題促使英國首相特雷莎·梅（Theresa May）于2018年1月17日任命了首位孤獨部長。英國最大的老年人慈善機(jī)構(gòu)英國時代(Age UK)首席執(zhí)行官馬克·羅賓遜警告說，孤獨可能嚴(yán)重到導(dǎo)致死亡。他說：“有研究已證實，孤獨比每天吸15支煙對人體的危害更大。但孤獨并非不可戰(zhàn)勝，老年人生活中可以沒有孤獨。”“長期的孤獨，會演變成抑郁癥。這就是孤獨的危險所在?！庇鴩医y(tǒng)計局（Office for National Statistics）將幫助創(chuàng)建衡量孤獨程度的方法，設(shè)立專門的基金會，幫助政府和慈善機(jī)構(gòu)制定更廣泛的戰(zhàn)略，以找到解決孤獨問題的方案。

【重點句子】（3個）
Loneliness is hard to pin down: the government defines it as “a subjective, unwelcome feeling of lack or loss of companionship.”
孤獨很難界定：政府將其定義為“主觀的、不受歡迎的缺乏或失去陪伴的感覺”。

Stress and unhappiness may affect the body in ways not yet understood. The sick may also be more likely to become socially isolated.?壓力和不快樂可能以一種未知的方式影響身體。病人也可能更容易被社會孤立。

Having public figures talk about loneliness would help. Alluding to specific causes is a useful start.
讓公眾人物談?wù)摴陋毟袝兴鶐椭?。提及具體原因是一個良好的開端。