【新法案】羅斯福第10次爐邊談話 1937年10月12日
1937年10月12日，羅斯?？偨y(tǒng)發(fā)表了這篇爐邊談話，宣布美國現(xiàn)在遇到了新的困難，也要相應地推出新的法案，同時羅斯福也提到了世界局勢的變化，宣布美國會致力于推動世界和平。
This afternoon I have issued a Proclamation calling a special session of the Congress to convene on Monday, November 15, 1937.
今天下午，我發(fā)表了一篇公告，宣布在1937年11月15日星期一，召開特別國會。
I do this in order to give to the Congress an opportunity to consider important legislation before the regular session in January and to enable the Congress to avoid a lengthy session next year, extending through the summer.
我這么做是為了讓國會能在明年1月的常會之前，提前審議一些重要的立法提案，免得明年漫長的會議需要一直拖到夏季。
I know that many enemies of democracy will say that it is bad for business, bad for the tranquility of the country, to have a special session -- even one beginning only six weeks before the regular session. But I have never had sympathy with the point of view that a session of the Congress is an unfortunate intrusion of what they call "politics" into our national affairs. Those who do not like democracy want to keep legislators at home. But the Congress is an essential instrument of democratic government, and democratic government can never be considered an intruder into the affairs of a democratic nation.
我知道，許多敵視民主的人會說，召開特別國會不利于商業(yè)發(fā)展，不利于國家安定——雖然再過6周我們就要召開常會了。但他們認為，召開國會是“政治”對國民事務的悍然入侵，這一觀點我從來無法茍同。反對民主的人，希望讓國會兩院議員都呆在家里。但是，國會是民主政府不可或缺的機構(gòu)，而且對于一個民主國家來說，民主政府也不是外人。
I shall ask this special session to consider immediately certain important legislation, which my recent trip through the nation convinces me the American people immediately need. This does not mean that other legislation, to which I am not referring tonight, is not an important (for) part of our national well-being. But other legislation can be more readily discussed at the regular session.
我召開此次特別國會，是為了審議一些緊迫重要的法案，我近期走遍了全國，這讓我更加相信美國人民迫切地需要這些法案。但這并不是說，如果我今晚沒提到的哪個法案，就說明這一法案對美國國家利益不重要。只是我覺得，這些法案直接交由常會討論，便足矣。
Anyone charged with proposing or judging national policies should have first-hand knowledge of the nation as a whole.
如果你需要頒布或評價國家的政策，那么你就得對整個國家的情況有最新了解。
That is why again this year I have taken trips to all parts of the country. Last spring I visited the Southwest. This summer I made several trips in the East. Now I am just back from a trip from a trip all the way across the continent, and later this autumn I hope to pay my annual visit to the Southeast.
所以我才在今年再次訪問了到訪了各地。今年春天，我訪問了西南部。夏天時，我訪問了東部的幾個地方?，F(xiàn)在，我剛剛結(jié)束一次全國訪問，正在回首都的路上，秋天晚些時候，我打算繼續(xù)去東南部，開展一年一度的訪問。
For a President especially it is a duty to think in national terms.
從國家整體角度考慮，是我們的職責，對總統(tǒng)來說更是如此。
He must think not only of this year but of future years, when someone else will be President.
總統(tǒng)不僅要考慮今年的事務，還顧及到未來，即使屆時他已不再是總統(tǒng)。
He must look beyond the average of the prosperity and well-being of the country (for) because averages easily cover up danger spots of poverty and instability.
總統(tǒng)不能只看國家的平均財富和幸福指數(shù)，因為平均值常常會掩蓋住貧窮和動蕩中蘊含的危機。
He must not let the country be deceived by a merely temporary prosperity, which depends on wasteful exploitation of resources, which cannot last.
總統(tǒng)不能讓全國沉迷于建立在過度開發(fā)資源之上的短暫繁榮，這一繁榮勢必破滅。
He must think not only of keeping us out of war today, but also of keeping us out of war in generations to come.
總統(tǒng)不僅要考慮，如何讓當代的公民不受戰(zhàn)爭摧殘，更要考慮如何讓我們的子孫后代都不受戰(zhàn)爭危害。
The kind of prosperity we want is the sound and permanent kind which is not built up temporarily at the expense of (any) a section or any group. And the kind of peace we want is the sound and permanent kind, which is built on the cooperative search for peace by all the nations which want peace.
我們追求的繁榮是長久不斷的繁榮，而不是靠犧牲某個地區(qū)、某個群體打造出來的短暫繁榮。而我們追求的和平是在全世界所有熱愛和平的國家相互合作的基礎上，實現(xiàn)穩(wěn)定永恒的和平。
The other day I was asked to state my outstanding impression gained on this recent trip to the Pacific Coast and back, and I said that it seemed to me to be the general understanding on the part of the average citizen, understanding of the broad objectives and policies which I have just outlined.
前幾天有人問我，我在近期西海岸訪程中印象最深刻的是什么，我說，我覺得印象最深的是，多數(shù)公民都可以理解我們新頒政策的宏大目標。
Five years of fierce discussion and debate -- five years of information through the radio and the moving picture -- have taken the whole nation to school in the nation's business. Even those who have most attacked our objectives have, by their very criticism, encouraged the mass of our citizens to think about and understand the issues involved, and, understanding, to approve.
5年來，多方激烈討論爭辯——各種信息通過廣播和電視傳播民間——使得全國人民都開始學習國家事務。即便是那些抨擊我們目標最激烈的人，他們的反對聲也可以讓廣大公民思考、理解并表態(tài)。
Out of that process, we have learned to think as a nation. And out of that process we have learned to feel ourselves a nation. As never before in our history, each section of America says to every other section, "Thy people shall be my people."
由此，我們學會了從國家整體角度思考。由此，我們知道了自己是國家的一份子。美國各地都前所未有地對彼此說道，“你的國就是我的國。”
For most of the country this has been a good year -- better in dollars and cents than for many years -- far better in the soundness of its prosperity. (And) Everywhere I went I found particular optimism about the good effect on business which is expected from the steady spending by farmers of the largest farm income in many years.
對于全國大多數(shù)地區(qū)來說，今年都是豐美之年——收入再創(chuàng)歷年新高——經(jīng)濟發(fā)展更是穩(wěn)中向好。無論我走到何處，都能發(fā)現(xiàn)農(nóng)民在近幾年支出穩(wěn)定，收入增高，因而不由得替其他行業(yè)感到樂觀。
But we have not yet done all that must be done to make this prosperity stable. The people of the United States were checked in their efforts to prevent future piling up of huge agricultural surpluses and the tumbling prices, which inevitably follow them.?They were checked in their efforts to secure reasonable minimum wages and maximum hours and the end of child labor. And because they were checked, many groups in many parts of the country still have less purchasing power and a lower standard of living than the nation as a whole can permanently allow.
但是，鞏固經(jīng)濟繁榮的工作尚未完全結(jié)束。美國人民在奮力防止未來農(nóng)業(yè)再次生產(chǎn)嚴重過剩，進而引起不可避免的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價格暴跌。美國人民竭力捍衛(wèi)自己的最低薪水和最高工時標準，并終結(jié)了童工制。盡管如此，美國許多地區(qū)仍有許多人的購買力和生活標準低于我們規(guī)定的最低標準。
Americans realize these facts. That is why they ask Government not to stop governing simply because prosperity has come back a long way.
美國人民意識到了這一現(xiàn)象。所以人民要求政府，不要因為現(xiàn)在經(jīng)濟繁榮了一段時間就得意自滿，停止改革。
They do not look on Government as an interloper in their affairs. On the contrary, they regard it as the most effective form of organized self-help.
人民并不覺得政府在侵犯他們的生活事務。恰恰相反，他們覺得政府是幫助人民自力更生的最佳助手。
Sometimes I get bored sitting in Washington hearing certain people talk and talk about all that Government ought not to do -- people who got all they wanted from Government back in the days when the financial institutions and the railroads were being bailed out in 1933, bailed out by the Government. It is refreshing to go out through the country and feel the common wisdom that the time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining.
我一直坐在華盛頓聽人們討論，政府不該做什么，時而感到厭倦——1933年，金融機構(gòu)和鐵路公司在政府的幫助下脫離了困境，華盛頓的人也已經(jīng)從政府手中得到了他們想要的一切。所以，我離開辦公室，在全國到處走走，許多人民告訴我，太陽當空照之時，便是修補房頂?shù)淖罴褧r刻，這一話語使得我感到撥云見日。
They want the financial budget balanced. But they want the human budget balanced as well. They want to set up a national economy which balances itself with as little Government subsidy as possible, for they realize that persistent subsidies ultimately bankrupt their Government.
人民不僅希望財政預算平衡。人民還希望人力預算平衡。人民希望盡可能減少政府補貼，打造出一套能自我調(diào)節(jié)的經(jīng)濟體制，因為他們知道，無節(jié)制的大量補貼最終會導致政府破產(chǎn)。
They are less concerned that every detail be immediately right than they are that the direction be right. They know that just so long as we are traveling on the right road, it does not make much difference if occasionally we hit a "Thank you marm."
比起各種微小細節(jié)，人民更關(guān)心我們走的大方向是否正確。他們知道，只要我們的大方向正確，就算我們偶爾說了一句“謝謝你，大閨女”也無妨。(譯者注:marm為美國地方方言，與madam同意)
The overwhelming majority of our citizens who live by agriculture are thinking (very) clearly how they want Government to help them in connection with the production of crops. They want Government help in two ways -- first, in the control of surpluses, and, second, in the proper use of land.
絕大多數(shù)從事于農(nóng)業(yè)工作的公民，都清楚政府在幫助他們協(xié)調(diào)作物生產(chǎn)。他們希望政府從兩個方面提供幫助——第一，控制生產(chǎn)過剩，第二，合理利用土地。
The other day a reporter told me that he had never been able to understand why the Government seeks to curtail crop production and, at the same time, to open up new irrigated acres.
前幾天，有一位記者和我說，他不明白，政府既然要削減糧食產(chǎn)量，那為什么要在同時開墾新田。
He was confusing two totally separate objectives.
這位記者朋友混淆了我們的兩個任務。
Crop surplus control relates to the total amount of any major crop grown in the whole nation on all cultivated land, (good or bad) good land or poor land -- control by the cooperation of the crop growers and with the help of the Government. Land use (on the other hand) is a policy of providing each farmer with the best quality and type of land we have, or can make available, for his part in that total production. Adding good new land for diversified crops is offset by abandoning poor land now uneconomically farmed.
控制作物過剩是要管控全國一切或肥沃或貧瘠的土地作物產(chǎn)量總和——要由農(nóng)民和政府相互配合協(xié)助完成。而土地利用則是另一項政策，旨在盡可能為農(nóng)民提供肥沃的田地種類，更好地進行農(nóng)作物生產(chǎn)。我們會廢置貧瘠且無法有效耕種的土地，然后在肥沃土地種植各種作物，來彌補缺失的糧食產(chǎn)量。
The total amount of production largely determines the price of the crop, and, therefore, the difference between comfort and misery for the farmer.
農(nóng)作物總產(chǎn)量很大程度上會決定農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的價格，因此也決定了農(nóng)民生活的好壞。
Let me give you an example: If we Americans were foolish enough to run every shoe factory twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week, we would soon have more shoes than the Nation could possibly buy -- a surplus of shoes so great that it would have to be destroyed, or given away, or sold at prices far below the cost of production. That simple (law) illustration, that simple law of supply and demand equally affects the price of all our major crops.
我給大家舉個例子：假如我們美國人腦子壞掉了，一周7天、一天24小時地在工廠生產(chǎn)鞋子，那么很快鞋子產(chǎn)量就會超過我國的總需求——大量無法銷售的鞋子就只能就地銷毀、免費贈送或以遠低于成本的價格賤賣。從這一簡單的例子就能看出，我們所有的主要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價格都受這一簡單的供求定律影響。
You and I have heard big manufacturers talk about control of production by the farmer as an indefensible "economy of scarcity, " as they call it. And yet these same manufacturers never hesitate to shut down their own huge plants, throw men out of work, and cut down the purchasing power of the whole community (communities) whenever they think that they must adjust their production to an oversupply of the goods they make. When it is their baby who has the measles, they call it not "an economy of scarcity" but "sound business judgment."
你我都聽說過大企業(yè)家對農(nóng)民控制作物產(chǎn)量的看法，他們說這是一種毋庸置疑的“匱乏經(jīng)濟”。但是，當他們自己遭遇供過于求，必須調(diào)整商品產(chǎn)量時，他們會毫不猶豫地關(guān)停自己的工廠，讓工人全部失業(yè)，拉低整個地區(qū)的購買力。當他們自己的“孩子”患上同樣的病時，他們稱之為“合理的商業(yè)判斷”，而不是“匱乏經(jīng)濟”。
Of course, speaking seriously, what you and I want is such governmental rules of the game that labor and agriculture and industry will all produce a balanced abundance without waste.
當然，我們認真地講，大家都知道，我設想的計劃只是政府監(jiān)管生產(chǎn)，讓工人、農(nóng)民和企業(yè)進行適當生產(chǎn)，避免浪費。
So we intend this winter to find a way to prevent four-and-a-half cent cotton and nine cent corn and thirty cent wheat -- with all the disaster those prices mean for all of us -- to prevent those prices from ever coming back again. To do that, the farmers themselves want to cooperate to build an all-weather farm program so that in the long run prices will be more stable. They believe this can be done, and the national budget kept out of the red.
所以，我們今年冬季打算采取措施，嚴防再次出現(xiàn)4.5美分的棉花，9美分的作物還有30美分的小麥——這些極低的價格對于我們所有人來說，都象征著災難。為此，農(nóng)民們也愿意配合政府，推行全天候農(nóng)業(yè)項目，以長期確保物價穩(wěn)定。他們相信該項目可以實現(xiàn)，同時政府也可免于財政赤字。
And when we have found that way to protect the farmers' prices from the effects of alternating crop surpluses and crop scarcities, we shall also have found the way to protect the nation's food supply from the effects of the same fluctuation. We ought always to have enough food at prices within the reach of the consuming public. For the consumers in the cities of America, we must find a way to help the farmers to store up in years of plenty enough to avoid hardship in the years of scarcity.
而如果我們能找到方法，讓農(nóng)產(chǎn)品物價不再受作物過多過少的影響，那么也就意味著，我國的糧食產(chǎn)量不再有大的波動。我們要始終先確保食物充足，再確保大眾付得起食物價格。對于美國城市里的消費者來說，我們必須想方設法幫助農(nóng)民在豐收年囤積足夠的糧食，用以防止歉收年。
Our land use policy is a different thing. I have just visited much of the work that the National Government is doing to stop soil erosion, to save our forests, to prevent floods, to produce electric power for more general use, and to give people a chance to move from poor land (on) to better land by irrigating thousands of acres that need only water to provide an opportunity to make a good living.
而我們的土地政策則是另外一回事。我之前訪問了聯(lián)邦政府的一系列工程，包括防止土壤侵蝕、保護森林、防洪、發(fā)電等工程，還用水灌溉了成千上萬英畝的土地，讓人民有機會離開貧瘠的土地，去這里過上更好的生活。
I saw bare and burned hillsides where only a few years ago great forests were growing. They are now being planted to young trees, not only to stop erosion, but to provide a lumber supply for the future.
我看到一些幾年前還郁郁蔥蔥的山坡，被大伙燒的光禿禿。現(xiàn)在人們正在這些山坡上種小樹苗，既可以防止水土流失，也可以在未來提供木材。
I saw CCC boys and WPA workers building check-dams and small ponds and terraces to raise the water table and make it possible for farms and villages to remain in safety where they now are. I saw the harnessing of the turbulent Missouri, a muddy stream, with the topsoil of many states. And I saw barges on new channels carrying produce and freight athwart the Nation.
我看到民間資源保護隊的小伙子們和公共事業(yè)振興署的工人們在建造攔水壩、小池塘和露臺，從而提升地下水位，保護農(nóng)場和村莊的安全。我看到他們治理洶涌泥濘的密蘇里河，河床淤積了多個州的泥土。我還看到了駁船在我們新修的運河上滿載著產(chǎn)品商品航變?nèi)珖?br>
Let me give you two simple illustrations of why Government projects of this type have a national?importance for the whole country, and not merely a local importance.
讓我給大家舉兩個例子，告訴大家為什么聯(lián)邦政府的工程不僅是對地區(qū)影響重大，還對全國都至關(guān)重要：
In the Boise Valley in Idaho I saw a district which had been recently irrigated to enormous fertility so that a family can now make a pretty good living from forty acres of its land. Many of the families, who are making good in that valley today, moved there from a thousand miles away. They came from the dust strip that runs through the middle of the Nation all the way from the Canadian border to (Mexico) Texas -- a strip which includes large portions of ten states. That valley in western Idaho, therefore, assumes at once a national importance as a second chance for willing farmers. And, year by year, we propose to add more valleys to take care of thousands of other families who need the same kind of second chance in new green pastures.
在愛達荷州的博伊西山谷，我見到了一塊近期剛被灌溉得十分肥沃的土地，一個家庭只要在這里得到40英畝土地，就可以過上相當美好的生活。今天，有許多家庭從千里之外搬來這里，過著幸福的生活。這些家庭來自我國中部，從加拿大的邊境直抵德克薩斯的塵土地帶，涵蓋了10個州的大量領土。而愛達荷州西部的山谷則為這些農(nóng)民帶來了第二次人生機遇，對全國都有著重要作用。另外，我提議我們年復一年地開發(fā)更多山谷，以讓成千上萬個家庭能來到綠色牧場，開啟第二次人生。
The other illustration was at the Grand Coulee Dam in the State of Washington. The engineer in charge told me that almost half of the whole cost of that dam to date had been spent for materials that were manufactured east of the Mississippi River, giving employment and wages to thousands of industrial workers in the eastern third of the Nation, two thousand miles away.
另一個例子便是華盛頓州的大古力水壩。項目的工程時告訴我，目前項目有半數(shù)開支都用以從密西西比河以東的地區(qū)購買工業(yè)材料，并且還為成千上萬名來自2000英里外占我國總領土三分之一的東部工人提供了工作崗位和薪水。
All of this work needs, of course, a more business-like system of planning, (and) a greater foresight than we use today.
當然，這些工程項目都需要更加商業(yè)化的規(guī)劃系統(tǒng)，并要超出我們今天所需求的的規(guī)模。
And that is why I recommended to the last session of the Congress the?creation of seven planning regions, in which local people will originate and coordinate recommendations as to the kind of this work (of this kind) to be done in their particular regions. The Congress (will), of course, will determine the projects to be selected within the budget limits.
正是因此，我才在上屆國會時，提議設置7個規(guī)劃區(qū)，由各規(guī)劃區(qū)內(nèi)的人民自己提出并商議如何在特定地區(qū)完成這些工程的相關(guān)意見。當然，最終會由國會在預算允許的前提下，決定哪些項目動工。
To carry out any twentieth century program, we must give the Executive branch of the Government twentieth century machinery to work with. I recognize that democratic processes are necessarily and, I think, rightly slower than dictatorial processes. But I refuse to believe that democratic processes need be dangerously slow.
既然我們要執(zhí)行20世紀的工程項目，我們政府的行政部門也需要擁有20世紀該有的制度系統(tǒng)。我知道，民主制度發(fā)展速度落后于獨裁制度，這是必然且理所應當?shù)?。但我絕不相信民主制度會因為發(fā)展速度太慢而陷入險境。
For many years we have all known that the Executive and Administrative departments of the Government in Washington are a higgledy-piggledy patchwork of duplicate responsibilities and overlapping powers. The reorganization of this vast Government machinery which I proposed to the Congress last winter does not conflict with the principle of the democratic process, as some people say. It only makes that process work more efficiently.
眾所周知，華盛頓政府的行政管理部門多年來都是由許多雜亂重復的責任權(quán)力機構(gòu)胡亂拼湊而成。所以去年冬天，我向國會提議改組龐大的聯(lián)邦政府系統(tǒng)，這并不違背發(fā)展民主的原則，許多人也贊成這一觀點。改組政府反而會加快民主發(fā)展進程。
On my recent trip many people have talked to me about the millions of men and women and children who still work at insufficient wages and overlong hours.
我訪問全國的路上，人們告訴我，全國依舊有數(shù)以百萬計的男女老少工資太少，工時過長。
American industry has searched the outside world to find new markets -- but it can create on its very doorstep the biggest and most permanent market it has ever (had) seen. It needs the reduction of trade barriers to improve its foreign markets, but it should not overlook the chance to reduce the domestic trade barrier right here -- right away -- without waiting for any treaty. A few more dollars a week in wages, a better distribution of jobs with a shorter working day will almost overnight make millions of our lowest-paid workers actual buyers of billions of dollars of industrial and farm products. That increased volume of sales ought to lessen other cost of production so much that even a considerable increase in labor costs can be absorbed without imposing higher prices on the consumer.
雖然美國企業(yè)已經(jīng)走出國門，開辟國際新市場——但是它們最龐大、最穩(wěn)定的市場還是可以讓國內(nèi)市場來充當。企業(yè)需要消除貿(mào)易壁壘，才能進一步發(fā)展國際市場，但是企業(yè)也可以消除國內(nèi)的貿(mào)易壁壘——即刻消除——無需等待簽訂任何條約。然后每周多給工人發(fā)幾美元工資，減少工作時間，從而勻出更多工作崗位，這樣就幾乎能在一夜之間，使得成百上千萬低收入的工人成為真正的消費者，他們會用數(shù)十億數(shù)百億的美元購買農(nóng)產(chǎn)品和工業(yè)品。消費量的提升也會大幅降低生產(chǎn)成本，甚至企業(yè)家給工人漲薪造成的收入減少都可以忽略不計，更無需靠提高物價來彌補損失。
I am a firm believer in fully adequate pay for all labor. But right now I am most greatly concerned in increasing the pay of the lowest-paid labor -- those who are our most numerous consuming group but who today do not make enough to maintain a decent standard of living or to buy the food, and the clothes and the other articles necessary to keep our factories and farms fully running.
我堅信，所有勞動者都能得到應有的報酬。但現(xiàn)在，我最關(guān)切的是提高底層收入工人的薪水——他們是我們消費者群體的主力軍，現(xiàn)在的薪水卻低得無法滿足基本生活標準，他們買不起食物，衣服等物品，這樣下去，工廠和農(nóng)場是無法持續(xù)運轉(zhuǎn)的。
I think that farsighted businessmen already understand and agree with this policy. They agree also that no one section of the country can permanently benefit itself, or the rest of the country, by maintaining standards of wages and hours (far) that are far inferior to other sections of the country.
我相信，有遠見的企業(yè)家都能理解并贊成我的政策。而且他們還一致贊成，我國任何地區(qū)的工資和工時標準都不能與國內(nèi)其他地區(qū)有過大差距，以此手段從中得利。
Most businessmen, big and little, know that their Government neither wants to put them out of business nor to prevent them from earning a decent profit. In spite of the alarms of a few who seek to regain control (of) over American life, most businessmen, big and little, know that their Government is trying to make property more secure than ever before by giving every family a real chance to have a property stake in the Nation.
絕大多數(shù)大小企業(yè)家都知道，聯(lián)邦政府不想讓他們破產(chǎn)，也不會阻止他們賺取較高利潤。雖然有少數(shù)人試圖重新控制美國人民的生活，但是多數(shù)大小商人都知道，聯(lián)邦政府正在保護他們的財產(chǎn)，并且在竭力讓全國所有家庭都有機會得到真正的財產(chǎn)。
Whatever danger there may be to the property and profits of the many, if there be any danger, comes not from Government's attitude toward business but from restraints now imposed upon business by private monopolies and financial oligarchies. The average businessman knows that a high cost of living is a great deterrent to business and that business prosperity depends much upon a low price policy which encourages the widest possible consumption. As one of the country's leading economists recently said -- "The continuance of business recovery in the United States depends far more (up)on business policies, business pricing policies, than it does on anything that may be done, or not done, in Washington."
無論財產(chǎn)和利潤中暗藏著什么危險，都絕不是政府對企業(yè)的態(tài)度導致的，而是私人和寡頭對企業(yè)的壟斷制裁的結(jié)果。多數(shù)企業(yè)家都知道，生活成本過高會嚴重威脅到企業(yè)，所以經(jīng)濟繁榮很大程度上取決于低價策略能否帶動大量消費。正如美國一位知名經(jīng)濟學家近期所言，“美國企業(yè)復蘇能否持續(xù)，不在于華盛頓做了什么或不做什么，而取決于企業(yè)自己的運營策略和價格策略?！?br>
Our competitive system is, of course, not altogether competitive. Anybody who buys any large quantity of manufactured goods knows this, whether it be the Government or an individual buyer. We have anti-trust laws, to be sure, but they have not been adequate to check the growth of many monopolies. Whether or not they might have been (adequate) originally adequate, interpretation by the courts and the difficulties and delays of legal procedure have now definitely limited their effectiveness.
當然，目前我國的競爭體系尚不完全具備競爭力。無論是政府還是個人，只要買過工業(yè)制品的客戶都深知這一點。雖然我們的確有反壟斷法，但是僅憑現(xiàn)有的法案無法壓制多數(shù)壟斷企業(yè)發(fā)展。我們不討論反壟斷法在此前是否足夠有效，但是現(xiàn)在，由于需要法院的解釋，加之執(zhí)法程序中大家的分歧和拖延，已經(jīng)大大削弱了反壟斷法的效率。
We are already studying how to strengthen our anti-trust laws in order to end monopoly -- not to hurt but to free legitimate business of the Nation.
我們已經(jīng)在研究如何強化反壟斷法，以終結(jié)壟斷現(xiàn)象——這不是為了打擊企業(yè)，而是解放我國更多合法企業(yè)。
I have touched briefly on these important subjects, which, taken together, make a program for the immediate future. And I know you will realize that to attain it, legislation is necessary.
我已經(jīng)大致地探討了主要的立法項目，這些項目合計起來，就是我們近期的未來計劃。我相信，大家都能意識到，為完成這一計劃，我們必須通過相關(guān)法案。
As we plan today for the creation of ever higher standards of living for the people of the United States, we are aware that our plans may be most seriously affected by events in the world outside our borders.
在我們今天努力為美國人民規(guī)劃更高生活水平的同時，我們也要意識到，我們的計劃成功與否很大程度上也受世界局勢影響。
By a series of trade agreements, we have been attempting to recreate the trade of the world (which) that trade of the world that plays so important a part in our domestic prosperity; but we know that if the world outside our borders falls into the chaos of war, world trade will be completely disrupted.
我們一直在嘗試通過大量貿(mào)易協(xié)定來重建世界貿(mào)易體系，因為這可以大大促進我國國內(nèi)繁榮；但是我們也知道，一旦世界爆發(fā)戰(zhàn)爭，陷入動蕩，那么世界貿(mào)易也會徹底中斷。
Nor can we view with indifference the destruction of civilized values throughout the world. We seek peace, not only for our generation but also for the generation of our children.
我們不能眼睜睜地看著世界各地的文明價值觀被摧毀而無動于衷。我們追求和平，不僅是我們這一代人的和平，還要子子孫孫永享和平。
We seek for them, our children, the continuance of world civilization in order that their American civilization may continue to be invigorated, helped by the achievements of civilized men and women in all the rest of the world.
我們要為子孫爭取一個存續(xù)的文明世界，只要這樣美利堅文明才能借助世界各地人民的發(fā)明與成就，然后不斷蒸蒸日上。
I want our great democracy to be wise enough to realize that aloofness from war is not promoted by unawareness of war. In a world of mutual suspicions, peace must be affirmatively reached for. It cannot just be wished for. And it cannot just be waited for.
我希望我們偉大的民主國家可以仔細思考，要明白，并不是我們裝看不見，戰(zhàn)爭就不會波及我們。當今的世界，各國相互猜疑，因此我們更要堅定對和平的向往。但是僅僅向往和平是不夠的。僅僅坐等和平也是不夠的。
We have now made known our willingness to attend a conference of the parties to the Nine Power Treaty of 1922 -- the Treaty of Washington, of which we are one of the original signatories. The purpose of this conference will be to seek by agreement a solution of the present situation in China. In efforts to find that solution, it is our purpose to cooperate with the other signatories to this Treaty, including China and Japan.
美國已經(jīng)表態(tài)，愿意參加1922年《九國公約》——即《華盛頓公約》的締約國會議，美國是這一條約的初始締約國之一。本次會議是為了想辦法和平解決當前的中國局勢。在這一過程中，我們會同其他締約國相互合作，包括中國和日本。
Such cooperation would be an example of one of the possible paths to follow in our search for means toward peace throughout the whole world.
我們的合作會成為典范，為全世界尋求和平的國家指明一條可能的道路。
The development of civilization and of human welfare is based on the acceptance by individuals of certain fundamental decencies in their relations with each other. And, equally, the development of peace in the world is dependent similarly on the acceptance by nations of certain fundamental decencies in their relations with each other.
人類文明和福祉的能夠進一步發(fā)展，取決于部分人們是否愿意在處理人際關(guān)系時，對彼此表現(xiàn)出基本的禮貌。同樣，世界和平能否進一步發(fā)展，取決于各國在國際交流時，是否愿意對他國抱有最基本的尊重。
Ultimately, I hope each nation will accept the fact that violations of these rules of conduct are an injury to the well-being of all nations.
最后，我希望所有國家都能意識到，破壞上述國際準則只會害人害己。
Meanwhile, remember that from 1913 to 1921, I personally was fairly close to world events, and in that period, while I learned much of what to do, I also learned much of what not to do.
同時請記住，我在1913年至1921年里，親身經(jīng)歷了世界各重大事件，這段經(jīng)歷教會了我許多，教會了我該做什么，也教會了我不該做什么。
The common sense, the intelligence of the people of America agree with my statement that "America hates war. America hopes for peace. Therefore, America actively engages in the search for peace."
無論是從常識出發(fā)，還是以理性思考，美國人民都會同意我的說法：“美國反對戰(zhàn)爭。美國希望和平。美國會積極推動、捍衛(wèi)和平?！?br>
聲明：本人僅按照原文翻譯內(nèi)容，演講內(nèi)容不代表本人觀點。此專欄僅供歷史和英語交流學習使用，任何讀者皆可引用本人的譯本。
希望來學習英語的觀眾明白：我覺得這些專欄的主要精華在于英語原文，而并非我的譯本，我的譯本很大程度上只是供來學習歷史的觀眾使用的。本人的英語水平一般，翻譯得并不會多么精彩，只能在你看不懂時來幫助你了解這些演講內(nèi)容最基本的意思，而且翻譯時難免會出現(xiàn)差錯，切勿直接完全以我的譯本為標準。如發(fā)現(xiàn)有翻譯錯誤或者歧義內(nèi)容，歡迎指正。
希望來學習歷史的觀眾明白：任何歷史人物都有一定的局限性，隨著時代發(fā)展，很多觀點看法可能已經(jīng)不再適用今天的世界，西方的觀點也不一定適用于我們。通過了解這些演講，僅可給我們提供一個更全面了解過去和世界的渠道。我們可以從優(yōu)秀的歷史、當代人物身上學到很多，但是請保持獨立思考，理性看待演講內(nèi)容，切勿全信或?qū)⑵浞顬檎胬怼?/strong>
