重難點分析

句子是語言運用的基本單位。能正確寫句是最基本、最基礎的寫作微技能。英語句子千變萬化，但都可以由簡單句合并或擴展而來，因此掌握簡單句的六個基礎句型是寫好英語句子的第一步。(本專題將五個基本句型和there be句型融合起來講解，故可以說是六個基本句型)

簡單句的六個基本句型

(1)主+謂：主語+不及物動詞

(2)主+謂+賓：主語+及物動詞+賓語

(3)主+謂+雙賓：主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語

(4)主+謂+賓+賓補：主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語

(5)主+系+表：主語＋系動詞＋表語

(6) there be句型

注意：簡單句可以插入定語和狀語擴展成為復雜的長句，可以通過添加關聯詞變成并列復合句或主從復合句。

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句型(1)：主語+不及物動詞(主+謂)

有些不及物動詞能夠單獨構成謂語，不用帶其他成分就能表達一個完整的意思，例如：The bus has left. 但是有少數幾個動詞其后必須帶有狀語，否則結構不完整，意義不明確。例如：I live in Guangzhou. I stayed in a small hotel.

翻譯句子 請使用句型(1)翻譯下列句子。

1．我頭痛。(ache)

_________________________________________________________

2. 我的計劃已經改變了。(change)

_________________________________________________________

3. 這趟班機晚上九點半鐘起飛。(take off)

_________________________________________________________

4. 我來自一個受過良好教育的家庭。(come, well-educated)

_________________________________________________________

5. 我2011年2月8日上午抵達上海。(get to)

_________________________________________________________

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句型(2)：主語+及物動詞+賓語(主+謂+賓)

作賓語的除了常使用名詞或代詞外，還有動詞不定式及v-ing形式等。

注意：有些動詞(短語)后通常不能接v-ing 形式作賓語，只能接to do作賓語。如：agree, ask, decide, desire, expect, hope, manage, promise, afford，beg, offer, plan, refuse, wish, want, fail, prepare, arrange, choose, pretend, would (should) like等；

有些動詞(短語)不定接不定式作賓語，只能接v-ing 形式作賓語。如：admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, excuse, face, fancy, finish, forgive, imagine, mention, mind, miss, practise, postpone, risk , resist, suggest, understand, give up, feel like, keep on, put off, leave off, can’t help (控制不住…), can’t stand (不能容忍),等等。

翻譯句子 請使用句型(2)翻譯下列句子。

1. 遺憾的是，我沒能看到那景象。(miss)

_________________________________________________________

2. 我希望在一周內返回廣州。(expect )

_________________________________________________________

3. 我總算按時完成了作業(yè)。(manage)

_________________________________________________________

4. 我不能忍受失去一個親密的朋友。(can’t stand)

_________________________________________________________

5. 我叔叔決定晚點出國。(choose, not…until later) ??.

_________________________________________________________

6. 我正計劃下個月去歐洲旅行。(plan, go on a trip)

_________________________________________________________

7. 我一見到我以前的數學老師就不禁想到了過去。(can’t help, at the sight of )

_________________________________________________________

8. 為了省錢，我建議步行去那里。(suggest)

_________________________________________________________

9. 我想聽聽其他人的看法。(should like)

_________________________________________________________

10. 我不想去看電影。(feel like)

_________________________________________________________

11. 我不想冒上學遲到的風險。(want, risk, be late)

_________________________________________________________

12. 我不能再推遲去看牙醫(yī)了。 (put off, not…any longer)

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句型(3)：主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語(主+謂+雙賓)

能夠用于該句型的常用及物動詞有ask, buy, bring, call, get, give, offer, lend, send, tell, teach, cost等等。

翻譯句子 請使用句型(3)翻譯下列句子。

1. 我的英語老師給了我?guī)妆居⑽男≌f。(give)

____________________________________________________

2. 我姑媽在我生日那天給我買了一個MP3播放器。(buy)

____________________________________________________

3. 我昨天晚上給李明發(fā)送了一封電子郵件。(send)

____________________________________________________

4. 我給我的父母寫了一封長信。(write)

____________________________________________________

5. 我前天將新英漢字典借給了我表弟。(lend)

____________________________________________________

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句型(4)：主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語(主+謂+賓+賓補)

作賓語的通常是名詞或代詞。賓語補足語是對前邊賓語進行補充說明，從而使句子的意思更加完整。賓語和它的補足語構成復合賓語，賓語補足語表示前邊賓語發(fā)出的動作或其身份、特征等。因此，賓語和賓語補足語往往有一個邏輯上的主謂關系。賓語補足語由名詞、形容詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、v-ing形式或過去分詞充當。

注意：有一些動詞后面接動詞不定式作賓語補足語時，不定式要省去to。常見的這類動詞有feel, hear, listen to; make, have, let; see, watch, notice, observe以及help等。例如：

Let me have a look at it.

其中help后面作賓補的不定式符號to可省可不省。例如：

I helped her (to) choose a new dictionary.

可以借用口訣“一‘感(覺)’二‘聽(見)’三‘使(得)’四‘看(見)’半‘幫助’”記憶這些動詞。

一、翻譯句子 請使用句型(4)翻譯下列句子。

1. 我外祖父給我取了個英文名字叫薩拉。(name, Sarah)

____________________________________________________

2. 我發(fā)現這本體育雜志非常有趣。(find, interesting)

____________________________________________________

3. 爺爺奶奶鼓勵我好好學習。(encourage, in one’s studies)

____________________________________________________

4. 我建議外祖母臥床休息。 (advise, stay)

____________________________________________________

5. 我能感覺到自己的心臟在快速跳動。(beat)

____________________________________________________

6. 我從未聽人唱過這首歌。(hear, sung)

____________________________________________________

7. 我父親希望我做到最好。 ??(do one’s best)

____________________________________________________

8. 我的表親邀請我與他們共度周末。(cousin)

____________________________________________________

二、完成句子 在空格處填入一個適當的詞或者用括號中詞語的正確形式填空完成句子。

1. 我在長城拍攝了一些很好的彩色照片。

I ______ (have) _______ excellent color _______ _______ (take) _______ _____ Great Wall.

2. 我寧愿她不要改變計劃。

I would ______ (prefer) ______ _______ ________( change) ______ plan．

3. 我時刻提醒我自己，內心必須充滿希望。

I must always ______ (remind) _______ _______ (fill) my mind _______ _______ (hope) thoughts.

4. 我注意到一個新生坐在班上最前面的位子。

I ______ (notice) ______ new student ________ (sit) _______ ______ front______ ______ class.

5. 我要邀請所有的鄰居下星期六參加我的生日聚會。

I'm going ______ (invite) all ______ neighbors______ ______ birthday part y______ _______.

6. 我裝作沒有看見男孩翻過大門。

I ________ (pretend) ______ _______ (observe) the boy ______ (climb) over ______ gate.

7. 我終于說服她跟我一起去書店。

I ______ (final) ______ (persuade) her ______ (go) to ______ bookstore ______ ______.

8. 我叫理查德,但是我的朋友都叫我迪克。

My ______ ______ Richard, ______ my _______ _______ (call) ______ Dick.

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句型(5)：主語＋系動詞＋表語(主+系+表)

其中的聯系動詞主要是be以及become。作表語最典型的詞類是形容詞，也可以是表示職業(yè)身份或類別的名詞，還可以是介詞短語、分詞、不定式、動名詞等。

一般不能用副詞作表語，但某些表示地點的副詞或與介詞同形的副詞可以在be后面作表語，如here, there, over there, back, abroad, outside, below, in, up, down, off, over, by等。

注意：有一些半系動詞后面則通常只能接形容詞而不是副詞作表語。常見的有：

表示“是”的有：prove (證明是), seem(似乎是), appear(好像是), remain(依然是)；

表示“變成”的有：grow, turn, get, go；

表示“……起來”的有：taste (嘗起來) , look, sound, feel, smell。

可以用口訣“四‘是’四‘變’五‘……起來’”加以記憶。

另外，come true, fall asleep等也屬于固定搭配型‘系表’結構。

翻譯句子 請使用句型(5)翻譯下列句子。

1. 我是一名高三學生。(be)

_________________________________________________________

2. 沒有什么不可能！(be)

_________________________________________________________

3. 我越來越擔心即將到來的高考。(become, increasingly, 用現在進行時)

_________________________________________________________

4. 我的擔心被證明是完全錯誤的。(fear, completely, 用過去進行時)

_________________________________________________________

5. 我的臉在炎熱的太陽下變得通紅。(go red)

_________________________________________________________

6. 前途看起來不錯。(look good, 用現在進行時)

_________________________________________________________

7. 我所有的愿望會成真。(come true)

_________________________________________________________

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句型(6)：there be句型

是一種表示存在的句式。這種句式通常以本身無詞義、非重讀的there為引導詞，后接動詞be的各種形式，再后是作主語的名詞(詞組)，最后通常帶有表示地點和時間的狀語。

翻譯句子 請使用句型(6)翻譯下列句子。

1. 主教學樓后面有一座實驗樓。(classroom building)

____________________________________________________

2. 我們班有22個男生和23個女生。(class)

____________________________________________________

3. 明天下午，會議室里將會有一個講座。(meeting room)

____________________________________________________

4. 花園里曾經有過一口水井。(used to)

____________________________________________________

5. 這房間里有一張床,一張桌子和兩張椅子。 (there be)

____________________________________________________

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基本句型的擴展(1)

前面所講英語的六種基本句型只是英語句子的最基本框架，要表達千差萬別、豐富多彩的思想內容，僅僅依靠這樣幾個簡單的句子框架顯然是不夠的。如果我們以這些基本句型為基礎，對句子加以擴展，就可以增大信息量, 使句子表達手段得更加豐富，從而滿足我們對各種復雜內容表達的需要。

英語句型擴展的手段主要有三種：(1)增加并列成分；(2)增加修飾成分；(3)使用各類從句。

增加并列成分

英語句中的任何一個成分都可以增加一個或多個并列成分，從而使句子變得長而復雜。例如：

John visited a farm.

這是一個典型的SVO(主謂賓) 句型，通過增加并列成分可擴展為：

John, Mike and their classmates went to the countryside and visited a farm and a nursing home.

句中Mike and their classmates 是John的并列主語，went to the countryside 是visited的并列謂語，a nursing home是a farm的并列賓語。

添加并列成分常使用and, or, so,? but, not only …but also,? both…and,? either…or, neither…nor,? rather than, as well as等并列連詞。例如：

Mary dances well.可擴展為：Mary not only dances well but also sings well.

[即學即用]

下列句子只給出了主干句型，請依據所給中文和括號中的英語提示擴展下列句子。(一空一詞)

1. The development of technology has changed our way of living.

(1) 科技的發(fā)展改變了我們交流的方式，學習的方式，甚至工作的方式。(and)

The development of technology has changed our ______ ____ _________, ______ _____ ________, and even the way ______ ________.

(2) 科技的發(fā)展不僅改變了我們的工作方式，而且也改變了我們的思維方式。(not only…but also)

The development of technology has _______ _______ changed _____ _______ ______ ______, ______ ______ _changed _____ _______ ______ _________.

2. Tom didn’t go to school yesterday.

(1) 湯姆昨天沒有上學，也沒有完成作業(yè)。(neither…nor)

Tom ________ went to school _______ ___________ his homework yesterday.

(2) 湯姆和他兄弟昨天都沒上學。(neither…nor)

________Tom _______his brother __________ to school yesterday.

3. My brother’s effort brought him success.

(1) 我哥的努力不僅帶給他名聲也帶給了他財富。(both…and)

My brother’s effort brought him________ ________and __________.

(2) 我哥的努力和他的才能給他帶來了名聲和財富。(as well as)

My brother’s effort and ________ brought him wealth ______ ________ ________ ___________.

4. The man finished his meal.

那人吃完飯，買了單，然后就離開了酒店。(and)

The man finished his meal, _______ ______ ________, ______ then _______ the hotel.

5. You have to hand in your report.

不是你就是他得把報告交上來。(either…or)

__________you _______he ________ to hand in the report.

6. Some grandparents spoiled their grandchildren.

有些爺爺奶奶不是愛而是嬌慣他們的孫子。(rather than)

Some grandparents spoil their grandchildren _______ _______ ________ them.

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基本句型的擴展(2)

增加修飾成分

在基本句型中我們還可以增加各類修飾語來對簡單句加以擴展。修飾語包括定語、狀語和同位語，可以分別由名詞和名詞短語、形容詞和形容詞短語、副詞和副詞短語來擔任，也可以由介詞短語和非謂語動詞短語來擔任。例如下列例句中的劃線部分均為添加的修飾語：

He sells socks.(主謂賓基本句型)

He sells women’s socks.

He sells old women’s socks.

He sells old women’s socks made in China.

He sells the best old women’s socks made in China every evening in the market.

要特別注意修飾語的位置，決不要套用漢語的語序。短語作為修飾語，通常放在被修飾的詞之后。例如：

I am a student. 我是一名學生。

I am a student of Senior Three. 我是一名高三學生。

I’ll give you some advice. 我會給你一些建議。

I’ll give you some advice on how to learn English well. 我會給你一些學好英語的建議。

[即學即用]

下列句子只給出了主干句型，請依據所給的中文和括號中的提示擴展下列句子。(一空一詞)

1. 患難見真情。(用介詞短語和副詞)

A friend ________ ________ is a friend __________.

2. 在開學典禮上，校長作了一個簡短但卻鼓舞人心的講話。(用介詞短語和形容詞)

____ _____ ________ ________ ________, the headmaster made a _______ _____ _______ speech.

3. 為了養(yǎng)活全家，父親每天工作十小時以上。(用不定式短語)

______ __________ ______ ___________, Dad worked over ten hours every day.

4. 他很害羞，在學校交朋友有些困難。(用-ing短語)

He is shy and has trouble _________ ____________ at school.

5. 多年前，有位老木匠住在這個小屋里。(用時間狀語和-ing短語)

________ _________ _______, there was an old carpenter _________ in this cottage.

6. 中山大學音樂系的學生星期五下午要給我們演出。(用介詞短語)

The students of music _______ _________ ________ will give us a performance ________ ________ ________.

7. 委員會的主席史密斯先生出席了昨天的新聞發(fā)布會。(用名詞短語作同位語)

Mr. Smith, _________ _______ ______ _________, was present at the press conference yesterday.

8. 重建破碎的友誼可能很難，但不管怎樣你應該試一下。(用-ed分詞和副詞)

Rebuilding a __________friendship can be difficult, but ___________ you should try.

9. 由于被同學們取笑，他在學校一點也不開心。(用-ed分詞短語)

________ _____ _____ ______ _________, he is not happy at all at school.

10. 我下周要去紐約參加一個國際會議。(用不定式短語)

Next week, I am leaving for New York _______ ________ ________ _________ __________.

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基本句型的擴展(3)

使用各類從句

擴展句型的另一主要手段就是使用各種從句，包括定語從句、狀語從句和名詞性從句(主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句)等。

[即學即用]

下列句子只給出了主干句型，請依據所給的中文和括號中的提示擴展下列句子。

1. 同學們參觀了約翰父親工作的那家工廠。(定語從句)

The students visited the factory __________________________________________.

2. 我一下飛機就會給你打電話。(時間狀語從句)

I’ll call you __________________________________________________________.

3. 我永遠忘不了我們一起度過的那個暑假。(定語從句)

I will never forget the summer vacation ____________________________________.

4. 不到長城非好漢。(定語從句)

He ______________________________________ is not a true man.

5. 他講得很慢以便每個人都能聽懂。(目的狀語從句)

He spoke rather slowly ?????????????????????????????????????????????????.

6. 她如此興奮以至于不能入睡。(結果狀語從句)

She was so excited ____________________________________________________.

7. 我很難相信父親已經戒煙的這一事實。(同位語從句)

I can hardly believe the fact _____________________________________________.

8. 他缺席講座的原因是他母親生病了。(定語從句；表語從句)

The reason _______________________________ was __________________________.

9. 問題是我們能不能讓這些外國朋友聽懂我們的意思。(表語從句)

The problem is ___________ we can make ourselves ___________ by those foreign friends.

10. 無論誰違反了規(guī)則都應該受處罰。(主語從句)

______________________________________ should be punished.

11. 既然是你的過錯，就應該向她道歉。(原因狀語從句)

________________________________, you should make an apology to her.

12. 不管他怎么用功，總是趕不上其他同學。(讓步狀語從句)

_____________________________________, he cannot catch up with other students.

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參考答案

句型(1)

翻譯句子

1. My head aches.

2. My plan has changed.

3. The plan takes off at 7:30 pm.

4. I came from a well-educated family.

5. I got to Shanghai on the morning of February 8, 2011.

句型(2)

翻譯句子

1. Unfortunately, I missed seeing the sight.

2. I expect to return to Guangzhou within a week.

3. I managed to finish my homework on time.

4. I can’t stand losing a close friend.

5. My uncle chose not to go abroad until later.

6. We are planning to go on a trip to Europe next month.

7. I couldn't help thinking about the past at the sight of my former maths teacher.?

8. To save money I suggested going there on foot.

9. I should like hear others’ views.

10. I don’t feel like going to the movie.

11. I didn't want to risk being late for school.

12. I can't put off going to the dentist any longer.

句型(3)

翻譯句子

1. My English teacher gave me several English novels.

2. My aunt bought me an MP3 Player on my birthday.

3. I sent Li Ming an e-mail last night.

4. I wrote my parents a long letter.

5. I lent my cousin the new English-Chinese dictionary the day before yesterday.

句型(4)

一、翻譯句子

1. My grandfather named me an English name Sarah.

2. I found the sports magazine very interesting.

3. My grandparents encouraged me in my studies.

4. I advised my grandmother to stay in bed and rest.

5. I could feel my heart beating fast.

6. I’ve never heard the song sung.

7. My father expects me to do my best.

8. My cousins have invited me to spend the weekend with them.

二、完成句子

1. had, some, photos, taken, on, the???????? ????2. would, prefer, her, not, to change, her/the

3. remind, myself, to fill, with hopeful????? ?????4. noticed, a, sit/sitting, at, the, of, the

5. to invite, the, to, my, next, Saturday?????? ????6. pretended, not, to observe, climb, the

7. finally, persuaded, to go, the, with, me??? ?????8. name, is, but, friends, call, me

句型(5)

翻譯句子

1. I am a senior 3 student

2. Nothing?is?impossible!?

3. I am becoming increasingly anxious about the coming college entrance examinations.

4. My fear was proving completely wrong.

5. My face had gone red in the hot sun.

6. The future 'is looking good.

7. All my wishes will come true.

句型(6)

翻譯句子

1. There is a lab building behind the main classroom building.

2. There are 22 boys and 23 girls in our class.

3. There will be a lecture in the meeting room tomorrow afternoon.

4. There used to be a well in the garden.

5. There's a bed, a table, and two chairs in this room.

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基本句型的擴展(1)

[即學即用]

1. (1) way of communicating, way of learning, of working? (2) not only, our way of working, but also, our way of thinking

2. (1) neither, nor did? (2) Neither, nor, went

3. (1) both fame, wealth? (2) talent, as well as fame

4. paid the bill, and, left

5. Either, or, has

6. rather than love

基本句型的擴展(2)

[即學即用]

1. in need, indeed

2. At the school opening ceremony, short but inspiring

3. To support the family

4. making friends

5. Many years ago, living

6. from Zhongshan University, on Friday afternoon

7. Chairman of the Committee

8. broken, anyway/anyhow

9. Laughed at by his classmates

10. to attend an international conference

基本句型的擴展(3)

[即學即用]

1. where/in which John’s father works

2. as soon as /the moment I get off the plane

3. that/which we spent together

4. who fails to reach the Great Wall

5. so that/in order that everyone could follow him

6. that she could not fall asleep

7. that my father has given up smoking

8. why he was absent from the lecture, that his mother was ill

9. whether, understood

10. Whoever breaks the regulations

11. Since/Now that it’s your fault

12. However hard he works/ No matter how hard he works

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