Inferior Si?(ENTP/ENFP)

The inferior function is the hardest to understand and describe. It embodies the part of us that we are least accepting of. Although we are often unaware of its activities,it would be inaccurate to describe the inferior function as?“weak”because all of our core functions are powerful in their own way. The power and force of the inferior function actually comes from the mistaken assumption that it has no power. We underestimate the inferior function at our own peril.

The Role of the Inferior Function

As you develop,it is natural to become more dependent on the dominant function and unwittingly repress the inferior function in order to give the dominant function as much conscious control over life as possible. However,the dominant function cannot handle reality on its own without feeling increasingly overextended as you push it to the upper limits of its strengths while turning a blind eye to its weaknesses. As you press down harder on the inferior function and resist its perspective,it will gradually feel too constricted and its repressed energy will begin to?“leak" into your conscious mind in the form of inexplicable urges or compulsions,especially when you feel frustrated or emotionally vulnerable.

When you rely too heavily on the dominant function for extended periods of time,the functions below it cannot work in a healthy way,and the inferior function remains deeply submerged in the unconscious mind as you keep repressing that perspective in favor of the dominant function. As the dominant function becomes stretched beyond its capabilities,you will feel increasingly stressed because there will be many life problems that you cannot handle with such a narrow and limited perspective. When life stress depletes your focus and mental energy to critical levels,the dominant function will?“burn out”and cause you to lose control of yourself,and this then allows the primitive impulses of the inferior function to?“erupt”from the unconscious and take over your conscious mind,a.k.a. being?“in the grip”of your inferior function. The degree of reactivity of the inferior function will be related to the force with which you repress its activities. Because the inferior function’s view of the world is the opposite of what you are used to,you will unconsciously resist that perspective even as it floods your consciousness. This results in a distorted view of reality and the weaknesses or destructive side of that function will manifest. By releasing the pent up energy of the inferior function,you can find some temporary relief from stress;however,the extreme out-of-character or destructive behaviors that arise can often exacerbate the problems that were causing the stress to begin with,which can potentially create a negative pattern of destructive behavior.

According to function theory,the psyche is a self-balancing mechanism. When the inferior function erupts,it is sending you a message informing you that your psyche is out of balance because you are directing most of your mental energy to the dominant function. This means that there is a positive side to the inferior function in terms of telling us where we need to grow and improve in order to rebalance ourselves. Learning to use the inferior function appropriately will recalibrate energy distribution so that your psyche can establish better equilibrium. Therefore,instead of repressing the inferior function,we should gradually learn to be more aware of it and less resistant towards it. Although you cannot use the inferior function as your main approach to life like a dominant function,you can learn to respect it for its strength and power. As you come to understand the value of the inferior function and the advantages it can bring you in daily life,its power to disrupt your conscious mind will gradually fade. You will then gain a new perspective for understanding life,which will lead to more adaptive and effective behaviors.

Inferior Si

Ne-doms can use Si consciously for tasks that require categorizing sensory or physical details. For instance,when practicing a skill,one needs to learn methodically and remember mistakes in detail in order to improve one’s performance over time. However,since Si is the opposing force to Ne,Ne is very prone to overriding and repressing Si and misunderstanding its fundamental nature. While Ne-doms can use Si in very simplistic ways,they cannot fathom using Si as a?“main approach to life”like a dominant function,and therein lies the main source of psychological conflict.

Ne focuses on intuiting patterns in the external world in order to discover new ideas or possibilities,with an eye towards taking advantage of any good opportunity that presents itself and making continuous progress. When Ne-doms rely too heavily upon Ne,they will identify with Ne’s activities,using their creative openness to construct the foundation of their identity. Because of this,Ne will feel continually threatened by the Si perspective because Si has the potential to disrupt or shatter one’s ego-image. Si is focused on methodically collecting and sorting personally relevant facts/details in order to feel grounded in one’s own framework of prior knowledge. But Ne tends to misinterpret Si as being boring,overcautious,repetitive,or even stagnant and pointless. Ultimately,Ne forcefully rejects the Si perspective because it fears that getting bogged down in tiny details is wasting precious time that could otherwise be used for pursuing new possibilities or continual progress and,if one does not have trust in future potential,then one has nothing to look forward to in life,as though one’s sense of hopefulness is slowly draining away. Therefore,unhealthy or immature Ne-doms do their utmost to reject Si in order to protect their ego-image as an?“optimistic,open,and forward thinking”person.

However,when Ne-doms rely too heavily upon Ne and suppress Si,they will develop an overly unrealistic and confused view of the world. Instead of using Si appropriately,Ne will use Si to collect?“factual”evidence to confirm its own intuitions,premonitions,or ideas. In other words,Ne will develop a maladaptive tendency to misinterpret situations,misjudging the value of the possibilities they see and then entertaining paths that are impractical or unrealistic in expectations,thereby increasing the chances of failure. When Ne is not functioning in a healthy manner,Ne-doms will be more prone to: overlooking important details,making careless errors,failing to learn from past mistakes?(and then repeating them),having poor focus,neglecting physical health,continually arriving at dead ends or abandoning ideas midstream. This will lead to a buildup of feelings of incompetence or worthlessness,especially when they are unable to make any concrete progress towards realizing their goals or ideals.

No function can be fully suppressed,so inferior Si will leak into consciousness in strange ways. Proper Si desires stability through utilizing personal knowledge to carefully sort through facts/details and is completely comfortable with seeing one’s reality as having clear structure,boundaries,and limitations. This can create an underlying sense of anxiety in Ne-doms because Ne fundamentally requires reality to have no boundaries or limits in order to maintain intuitive access to conceptual possibilities. Thus,when Ne becomes overextended,Ne-doms may exhibit somewhat desperate attempts to avoid acknowledging details and personal limitations so that they can feel continually connected to the world of possibility and defend against the restrictive and disciplined nature of Si. For example,they might: present themselves as?“experts”and fool themselves into thinking that they have all the facts and details,exude a false air of competence through nitpicking or obsessing over little details,reprimand or mock other people for overlooking minor details,rationalize away past mistakes or dismiss the usefulness of past learning/knowledge,suddenly feel exhausted when confronted with too many loose ends to take care of,endlessly jump from one idea/task to another when too many difficulties crop up,take on too many tasks at once,be unwilling to admit that they have stretched themselves too far,refuse to follow rules,ignore/resent advice to slow down and do things more carefully,and so on.

However,this means that Ne has not understood the real source of its own anxiety and so the underlying conflict remains unresolved. Ne sees Si as the?“enemy”rather than as an important and helpful part of one’s own psyche. The longer this conflict between Ne and Si goes on,the greater the likelihood of succumbing to?“the grip”. Ne might try to resist a grip experience by looking for an external scapegoat for its stress and suffering. Not wanting to turn a critical eye on itself,Ne will blame the outside world for its own failure to engage with Si,e.g.,by faulting situational factors like lack of time/resources or accusing other people of being unsupportive. On one hand,Ne-doms crave connection with the Si world and unconsciously desire the inner stability,detailed expertise,and methodical focus that the best Si-doms can achieve;on the other hand,they resent themselves for this desire and become defensive by creating a self-pitying mindset,believing that their?“great”ideas/visions are doomed to go unrealized,all the while ignoring the real problem. The more they resist acknowledging important details and personal limitations,the more they will feel lost and exhausted and continually confronted by practical concerns.

Ne-doms can be emotionally triggered in a variety of ways,such as: being judged as having no substance or depth,being seen as unreliable or incompetent,feeling unprepared for an important event or task,having their knowledge of facts doubted by others,being called out for being careless or overlooking details,having to deal with too many details or small practical/logistical matters for a long period of time,dealing with bureaucratic red tape,having a personal value disregarded or violated,being overwhelmed by work,slogging through long periods of repetitive/procedural work,dealing with excessive routine/rules/restrictions/structure,feeling a lack of change/variety,tight deadlines or onerous supervision,lack of intellectual or environmental stimulation,working alone for long periods,being surrounded by negative or apathetic people,working in a poorly managed environment where people do not appreciate ideas for improvement or progress.

When they become stressed and mentally fatigued to the point where Ne can no longer maintain its dominance,unhealthy Si urges will finally erupt from the unconscious,driving Ne-doms to surrender to Si in a negative or destructive manner. The ways in which these psychological urges manifest behaviorally are often unique to the individual and the circumstances. They tend to lose touch with the world of possibilities and,instead,become pessimistic,withdrawn,inflexible,or obsessed about insignificant details. They might: suffer depression or despair,feel emotionally vulnerable and isolated and unappreciated,become unable to verbalize their thoughts or feelings,have difficulty finding pleasure in any activity,get highly irritable or pedantic or finicky,develop tunnel vision and hyperfocus on one task or detail,obsess about completing tasks and feel irrationally pressed for time,develop compulsive behavior in counting or organizing things,feel overwhelmed with trying to make every little detail perfect or relevant,desperately overanalyze past events/mistakes to find reasons/solutions for their present mood or use past events to justify a negative outlook of the future. Being unused to directing so much attention inwardly,they tend to select details inappropriately,often grabbing hold of a negative thought and projecting it into a future of perpetual melancholy. The inward focus also makes them oversensitive to bodily sensations,with a tendency to misinterpret or exaggerate every minor ache as a sign of grave illness or disease. Ultimately,they lose their motivation and enthusiasm for life,feeling lost or hopeless or adrift.

In order to properly avoid a grip experience,it is essential that Ne-doms learn the real value of the Si perspective and the advantages it can confer. For Ne-doms,successfully emerging from a grip experience usually requires some solitude and reflection. Warm support from others,rather than advice or judgment,can usually help to ameliorate their emotions. Since they have a tendency to neglect their physical health,it might help to nurture physical needs like eating well and getting enough sleep and exercise. Ne-doms can also find some peace of mind by utilizing productive Si-related activities that require a positive focus on monitoring physical sensations and mental well-being. Whatever activities are chosen,they should accomplish two goals:

to release and expend Si energy in a way that consciously emphasizes its worth and usefulness,rather than resisting Si or desperately using it to overcompensate for one’s anxieties

to decrease the dominance of Ne,thereby allowing it to relax and regain its natural optimism and enthusiasm for new possibilities

Because access to the inferior function is extremely difficult to achieve due to its opposing nature,the auxiliary function must also be used to relieve psychological pressure whenever possible:

ENTPs can use Ti-related activities to improve their ability to analyze situations and sort out their personal priorities?(in order to stay grounded in careful reason and knowledge).

ENFPs can use Fi-related activities to improve their ability to prioritize tasks that promote personal development and well-being?(in order to stay grounded in personal/moral boundaries or values).

Ongoing type-related development for Ne-doms:

work on maintaining a broader perspective when your mood is low

appreciate that attention to facts/details helps you to avoid careless mistakes and create more feasible plans

understand that,rather than slowing you down,taking time to focus,think,and plan more carefully actually increases your chance of success or achievement

use Si consciously to concentrate on the details of a situation/task

use Si adaptively by learning to sequence information?(improve your organization and time management skills)

use Si to support Ne by understanding how details can enrich your understanding of life,e.g.,appreciating how the events of your past have made you who you are today

avoid anxiety by remembering to treat negative thoughts as one of many possibilities

avoid hypochondria or illness by fostering a more routine lifestyle with regular and healthy habits

spend more time developing the details of your inner vision before jumping impulsively into situations

try to find completion before moving on to a new idea

take responsibility for your mistakes and work to improve upon them

reflect on how your relentless need to chase ideas/possibilities affects you and the people around you

make efforts to genuinely understand and build up the natural strengths of Si;observe healthy Si-doms and learn to appreciate their style

envision,recall,or experience real-life scenarios where Si is more capable or effective than Ne at handling reality,so that you can learn to consciously and comfortably choose the most adaptive behaviors

Understanding of the similar concepts of sympathy and empathy is lacking. Misconceptions and disagreements about both pervade our discourse. Many see one being either superior, more desirable, or inherently positive and the other negative, as if opposites. It is NOT a question of sympathyVSempathy, but rather a recognition of both being two sides of the same coin, with every human being capable of experiencing and expressing both.?

On December 6, 1968, the 12thepisode of Star Trek’s third and final season aired. “The Empath” features a young mute female nicknamed “Gem” who, together with Captain Kirk, Mr. Spock and Dr. McCoy, is subjected to a series of experiments conducted by the Vians. The plot centers on whether Gem’s planet should be saved in the face of an impending supernova expected to destroy the entire star system. Gem, like others of her race, is an Empath who through touch can transfer to herself the physical and emotional suffering of another providing near instantaneous relief to the one touched. Despite this ability, Gem suppresses it in favor of her much stronger need for self-preservation.

The point of the Vian experiments is to determine whether Gem and her people can replace the need for individual self-preservation with self-sacrifice. Their empathic abilities give them this choice to ensure the long-term survival of her race. The members of the Enterprise crew serve as examples to Gem as each demonstrates his own willingness to sacrifice himself, even to death, for the others. Ultimately, Gem and her planet are saved, yet the Vians themselves are proven to be devoid of sympathy, empathy, or any emotion. They stood in cold judgement of these qualities in others.

In his May 22, 2015 post for Psychology Today, Neel Burton M.D., a psychiatrist living and working in Oxford, England, described four primary reactions individuals have when confronted with the plight of another. He ranked these reactions in terms of the associated level of interpersonal engagement from lowest to highest:

Pity–a conscious acknowledgement of the distress of another.

Sympathy–a feeling of care and concern for another with a wish to see him/her happier and healthier.

Empathy–a sharing in emotion and pain with another as if it were one’s own.

Compassion–an active desire to ease the suffering of another.

In the Star Trek episode, we see examples of all four:

The Vians show pity for Gem. They recognize the dire situation that faces her planet, yet there is no genuine emotional concern for her, or for any other planet in the system. Rather, they are only interested in analytically determining which race should survive at the expense of the others.

The Enterprise crew shows sympathy for Gem. They not only recognize the situation facing her, but also care for her in seeking her release from the Vian experiments and their own escape. They do not take upon themselves her emotions, but remain detached and objective.

Gem exhibits empathy with the Enterprise crew. Through touch she takes upon herself their physical and emotional distress. At the point when Spock determines he will sacrifice himself in the next experiment, she transfers his love for his companions to herself as if it were her own and smiles with understanding. At the point when McCoy returns from an experiment and is near death, she takes upon herself his physical injuries to heal him.

The Vians show compassion for Gem. When confronted with their own hypocrisy and emotional destitution, they recognize the pain they are inflicting and immediately end the experiments and determine to save her planet.

Although Dr. Burton ranks these reactions based on the intensity of emotional engagement, his intent is to show that one can lead to another, particularly as individuals grow and mature. He does not pre-suppose that one is better or worse than another, rather that each can be wholly appropriate depending on the situation and one’s own experience and insight.

From the standpoint of depth psychology, neither sympathy nor empathy indicate the level of one’s love for another. Rather, they reflect how one prefers to emotionally relate to another in communication and interaction regardless of the emotion involved. Individuals can sympathize or empathize with another in both sorrow and joy. They link, as one would expect, to the cognitive functions of Feeling, one being introverted and the other extraverted.

Sympathy then is to see the emotion in another and understand it based on one’s own experience and perspective. This understanding allows one to react to the emotion from a place of responsibility and to say “I’m sorry for your pain”. Since the judgement comes from the perspective of oneself, sympathy is equivalent to Introverted Feeling (Fi).

In contrast, empathy is to take upon oneself the emotion exhibited by another to gain understanding. It is found in the sentiment of “I feel your pain”, literally. Since judgement comes from the perspective of the other individual, it is correctly Extraverted Feeling (Fe).

Thus, individuals with Fi in their Ego are more naturally sympathetic, while those with Fe in their Ego are more empathetic. Both Fi and Fe drive understanding and provide a foundation for successful relationships. Sympathy (Fi) will see anxiety and depression in another and seek to understand those feelings based on their personal experience without becoming anxious and depressed. Empathy (Fe) will see anxiety and depression in another and quickly become anxious and depressed itself.

Sympathy observes while empathy internalizes. Sympathy is concern for others while empathy is sharing emotion with another. Sympathy maintains personal boundaries while empathy has difficulty saying “no”. Sympathy maintains inner calm while empathy can become overwhelmed. Both provide a path to understanding and genuine compassion with neither being inherently superior or desirable than the other.

Fortunately, we all have Fi and Fe in our cognition and the capacity for both sympathy and empathy, ensuring full awareness of the emotional standing of another. Ultimately, the Enterprise crew, Gem, and even the Vians, all developed and showed sympathy and empathy at different points during the episode. Similarly, our responsibility is to develop both qualities in ourselves and find the proper balance between them. In doing so, we mature and learn compassion. We grow rewarding personal relationships and learn to genuinely care for our fellow man.