02 介詞連詞大致規(guī)律

規(guī)律一：大會、協(xié)議、合同、條約、法律等涉及的內(nèi)容，往往通過“on”來連接：

[1.大會類]

特點：首先是哪一年舉行的/第幾次，闡述大會的范圍，解釋是大會/研討會/座談，最后通過介詞來體現(xiàn)是關于哪方面內(nèi)容的

The 2015 White House Conference on Aging；?2015年 白宮 老齡化 大會

The 2014 Asian Conference on the Life Sciences and Sustainability；?2014年 亞洲 生命科學和可持續(xù)發(fā)展 大會

The Fifth International Conference on?Communications and Electronics；

第五次 國際 通訊與電子 大會

The Third International Conference on?Communications and Information Technology

第三次國際 通訊與信息技術 大會

[2.協(xié)議、合同、條約類]

Agreement on Rules of Origin（原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則協(xié)議）；關于原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則的協(xié)議

Agreement on Safeguards（WTO保障措施協(xié)議）；safeguards 保障措施

The Rio+20 Treaty on Higher Education；里約+20高等教育條約

Singapore Treaty on the Law Of Trademarks；新加坡商標法條約

General Agreementon Tariffs and Trade(GATT)；關貿(mào)總協(xié)定

The General Agreement on Trade in Services(GATS)；服務貿(mào)易總協(xié)定

商品貿(mào)易trade in goods(哪一方面的貿(mào)易 用介詞In）

Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)；核武器不擴散條約（關于哪方面的條約，用介詞ON）

[3.協(xié)議、合同、條約類]

Sharia Law on Divorce；伊斯蘭離婚法

Common Law on Trademark Abandonment；商標放棄普通法

Law on the Protection Of Trademarks and other Signs；有關商標以及其他標識 保護法

Law on the Protection Of Literary and ArtisticProperty；?文學與藝術財產(chǎn)保護法

Law 0n the Protection Of Rights and Interests of Women；婦女權益保護法（有關加不加主要看官方行文

Law of the People's Republic of China 0n the Protection Of Consumer Rights and Interests；中華人民共和國消費權益保護法

規(guī)律二：有關某方面上升、下降、增加、減少介詞選用 in

Rise in population of elderly；

The biggest rise in population；

16％ rise in population；

aspikeininvestmentactivity；

Spike in first half investment；上半年投資活動的大幅上漲

Benefit from spike in prices；從價格上漲中獲益

Huge spike in London hotel investment in Q1；一季度倫敦酒店出現(xiàn)大幅上漲

The increase in the green coverage area；?哪一方面的增加?綠化面積/區(qū)域

An increase in cost Of living；生活成本的上漲

A surprise drop in US job creation；美國就業(yè)崗位出現(xiàn)突如其來的下降

Drop in unemployment；哪一方面的下降 失業(yè)率

The drop in laborforce；勞動力

A decline in domestic Violence；家庭暴力?domestic refuse=domestic waste

A decline in competence；能力

A decline in operating profit；運營利潤

規(guī)律三：關于"as"必須予以重視，這里重點學習"as"作為連詞引導

事實背景，中文的大致意思就是"隨著““ “在…的背景下"，邏輯上來講屬于主句的原因。

AS population ages,driving issues Will increase.隨著人口老齡化，交通發(fā)生事故的問題也會增加

As Connecticut population ages,elder abuse rises.虐待老人的案例

As pollution worsens,China turns to big data.

Texas pollution worsens as budget shrinks for regulators.預算縮減 監(jiān)管部門

China's manufacturers feel the squeeze as costs rise.隨著成本的不斷上漲，中國的制造企業(yè)也感受到了壓力（As+句子，用一般現(xiàn)在時；不斷地，日益地 用As，翻中文先處理as的句子）

規(guī)律四：遇到時間、地點或者數(shù)字時相關介詞或連詞必須強化記憶，如：

In the year to 31 January 2006，截止到2006年6月31日，常常用來表達同比增長/下降的概念（與一年前的這一天相比=year on year

China reported a record monthly trade surplus, of 47.3 billion for July.?

這里的report可以用record/register代替，表示實現(xiàn)了，或者不翻譯也可以

這個report沒有報道的含義，僅用于句式連接

是多少，用of連接

哪個月份，用for連接

七月份，中國月度貿(mào)易順差創(chuàng)造記錄，達到了……（一般用美元統(tǒng)計）

Exports to America grew by 12.3％，and those to Europe by 17％，compared with July 2013·

與2013年7月相比，中國對美出口增長12.3%，對歐出口增長17%

對誰出口 export to

增長多少 grow by

第一篇文本：

GDP fell by 6.8％ at an annual rate in the second quarter,

Fall by 下降了多少（這個by可要可不要

At…rate以什么速度

具體季度用in

在第二季度，日本經(jīng)濟增速同比下降6.8%

offsetting the bump in demand in the first quarter

用-ing表示后果

Bump in 上漲

這個offset不用直譯，只用通過上下文來進行解釋

由此使得第一季度需求出現(xiàn)了上漲

as consumers brought forward purchases to beat the tax rise.

as給出事實背景，表示原因

Bring forward to 提前進行

beat the rise 趕在…之前

在日本的消費稅出現(xiàn)之前，很多消費者紛紛進行采購

The tax is scheduled to increase again, from 8％ to 10％ in October next year.

到明年的十月份，消費稅還會再次上漲，從8%上漲到10%

Oil prices continued to fall despite heightened tensions in the Middle East and Russia.

盡管…局勢日益緊張，但是油價持續(xù)下跌

Brent dipped to a 13-month low.

…降到13個月以來的新低

Dip to 下降到…程度

Oil markets, which the International Energy Agency described as "eerily calm in the face Of mounting geopolitical risks" have been quiet because the increase in American

And OPEC production has led to a glut in supply.

國際能源機構稱，雖然現(xiàn)在地緣政治風險不斷攀增，但石油市場依然出奇的平靜（價格并沒有波動）

這是因為XXX和XXX石油產(chǎn)量上升，由此供應過剩

Worldwide demand for OiL has also eased slightly.

Demand of sb for sth

Demand of China for oil

世界對石油的需求也出現(xiàn)了輕微的下降/有所下降

Tata Motors of India launched its first new model in four years.

四年內(nèi)，首度推出了車型....

It thinks the Zest, priced at 7，500，

Be price at 競價是多少

will reclaim some of the market for compact cars in

什么樣的市場，介詞用for

要奪回緊促車型的部分市場份額

India that it has lost to Japanese and South Korean rivals.

Lose sth to sb ….輸給了誰

RARELY have the Christmas resuIts for Britain's supermarkets been awaited with such trepidation.

Result for sb 對誰的結果

Be awaited with

Most Of them, especially the market leader, Tesco, struggled in 2014, the hard discount stores,?

折扣比較多的折扣店

Aldi and Lidl, continued to under cut them,?

Under cut sb以低價來競爭/價格戰(zhàn)

相互打價格戰(zhàn)under cut each other

gobbling up market share,獲得了更多的市場份額

while falling food prices ate into their profits.

While 表對比 于此同時

Eat into 蠶食=cut 下降 削弱

Would the weeks leading up to Christmas and New Year's Day,

Lead up to 在…到來之前

generally the strongest sales period, bring some relief?

=In the run-up to New Year's eve;=before

GDP is shrinking by almost 10％ in the year to the first quarter (in the first quarter of the year compared to the same quarter in 2013);

As a result, inbound tourism spend in 2015 is expected to increase by 4.5％, with visitors from overseas expected to spend ￡22.2b 一 an increase of almost ￡1b on 2014 with spend forecast to be ￡21.3b for this year.

In 2010 total spend from overseas visitors was ￡16.8b from 29.8 million trips.

03 讀譯《中國日報》，積累筆譯磚塊（上）

State?of?the?Union?address?of?US?President?Barack?Obama：

《國情咨文》演講，相當于中國國務院總理的《政府工作報告》（the?Report?on?the?Work?of?the?Government）

回顧過去，展望未來（what?was?done?and?achieved?in?the?past?year?and?what?will?be?done?in?the?coming?year）

State?of?the?Union?address國情咨文

?

進一步加劇了政治分歧；反映了經(jīng)濟上的差距：

Deepen?political?divide;?reflect?economic?divide;

[引申表達]

貧富差距：wealth?divide;

數(shù)字鴻溝：digital?divide;

城鄉(xiāng)差距：urban-rural?divide;

divide分歧 差距

?

美中關系：

US-China?relations;?US-China?relationship;

Sino-Japanese?relations;?China-Japan?relationship,

[引申表達]

經(jīng)貿(mào)關系：trade?and?economic?relations;business?ties;

經(jīng)貿(mào)合作：economic?cooperation?and?trade;

relations為復數(shù)

relationship一定為單數(shù)或者不可數(shù)

Sino+形容詞

不存在trade cooperation，因為trade本身就有合作的意思（注意trade的位置）

?

與中國簽署氣候變化協(xié)議：

Sign?a?climate?deal?with?Beijing;

[引申表達]

與美國簽署技術合作協(xié)議：sign?a?technology?cooperation?agreement/pact/deal?with?Washington;

此處以首度代指國家

?

新減排目標讓國會兩黨漸行漸遠：

New?climate?targets?further?divide?the?Congress;

美中在亞洲的關系也漸行漸遠：

Polarize?US-China?relations?in?Asia;

[引申表達]

人們對此看法不一：people?remain?divided?over?sth.;

Divided 作a. 有分歧的

?

"重返亞洲"戰(zhàn)略：

Pivot?to?Asia?policy;

認為這一戰(zhàn)略其實是換湯不換藥的遏制政策：

See?it?as?a?containment?policy?by?another?name;

[引申表達]

制止......的蔓延：contain/check/curb/stem/rein?in?the?spread?of;

重返不用return

See sth. As

Containment policy遏制政策

Engagement policy 接觸政策

Contain 遏制 制止 包含

?

?

跨太平洋伙伴關系協(xié)定(TPP)：

Trans-Pacific Partnership agreement;

[引申表達]

中國針對TPP提出了RCEP（區(qū)域全面經(jīng)濟伙伴關系）：Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership；

針對美國主導的World Bank和IMF與日本主導的ADB（亞洲開發(fā)銀行），中國提出了亞洲基礎設施投資銀行（AllB:Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank）

?

制定計劃：

Develop a plan，

美國努力避免遭受雙重打擊：

America seeks to avoid a double-whammy;

[引申表達]

對......造成沉重打擊：deal a heavy blow to sb.

Formulate/develop/hammer out/work out制定

Seek to do sth

Deal 造成

?

避免出現(xiàn)......的局面：

Avoid the scenario where...

[引申表達]

爭取實現(xiàn)雙贏的局面：achieve a win-win scenario;

最壞的狀況會是......：the worst scenario would be..

scenario對將來的局面進行的假設、預期

這實際上會有損奧巴馬的政績：

This would effectively undermine his legacy;

[引申表達]

實際上：ineffect; effectively; practically;

奧運遺產(chǎn)：Olympic legacy;

上屆政府留下了一個爛攤子：leave us with a rotten legacy;

前仆后繼，發(fā)揚某人的精神：build on the legacy of sb.;

Effectively/practically

legacy政績

水立方

Volunteerism

legacy可以指理論上的，也可以指精神上的，比如志愿者精神等

?

積極推動這兩大協(xié)定的簽署，即便最終的協(xié)定內(nèi)容大幅縮水也在所不惜：

Push aggressively both deals-at the expense of substantial dilution in the final agreements;

[引申表達]

以......為代價：do sth. at the expense/cost/sacrifice of

Push 推動

積極地 aggressively

Substantial dilution大幅縮水

?

加大依靠創(chuàng)新提升競爭力的力度：

Accelerate innovation-led competitiveness;

在網(wǎng)絡威脅等問題上對中國也是含沙射影：

make implicit allusions to China, particularly in context of cyber threats;

[引申表達]

以質(zhì)量取勝：build quality-led competitiveness;

Implicit-explicit

Allusions

Particularly

?

在網(wǎng)絡活動上雙方依然存在較大分歧：

Deep bilateral differences remain over cyber activities;

美國認為自身是商業(yè)機蜜竊取行為的受害者：

Washington sees itself as a victim of “commercial theft“

不斷遭到網(wǎng)絡攻擊：

be under incessant cyber intrusions;

[引申表達]

成為......受害者：fall victim to/ fall prey to...

商業(yè)機密的竊取行為 commercial theft

遭到… be under +criticism

?

重申要完成有關中美減排新目標：

Reiterate their commitments to fulfilling the new China-US emission targets;

[引申表達]

重申/表示要繼續(xù)......:reaffirm/renew one’s commitment to do/ doing sth

Be committed to sth /doing sth這個to是介詞

commitment則不受限了

?

履行減排承諾：

Stick to its climate pledge;

[引申表達]

履行承諾:deliver/deliver on/make good on/honor/live up to one’s commitment/pledge/promise;

?

美國經(jīng)濟增速加快，達到5％，創(chuàng)11年來新高：

US growth intensified to 5 percent, the strongest in 11 years;

[引申表達]

三十年不遇的洪水/百年不遇的旱情：

The worst flood in 30 years; the worst drought in a century;

Intensify 加快

?

盡管人們一再提及所謂''緊縮"和“再平衡"政策：

Despite all the rhetoric about "austerity”?and rebalancing

[引申表達]

Belt-tightening; tighten one's belt;

China's biggest economic challenge is the need to rebalance the economy?in order to achieve sustainable long-term growth, says Haruhiko Kuroda, president of Asian Development Bank(ADB).轉(zhuǎn)方式，調(diào)結構

緊縮austerity

再平衡 rebalancing

勒緊褲腰帶

有時候不能簡單的翻譯成再平衡

中國需要轉(zhuǎn)方式，調(diào)結構，來實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟的再平衡

Re- 表調(diào)整的概念

[引申表達]

Though suffering a slower GDP growth, China's painful steps to achieve economic rebalance could offer long-term gains, Ewen Cameron Watt, chief strategist at the BlackRock Investment Institute, said Thursday.

China's lower value-added, export-driven model will be dropped and the emerging giant will rebalance the economy and stimulate demand.轉(zhuǎn)方式調(diào)結構

調(diào)整經(jīng)濟結構并刺激內(nèi)需，來重新獲得經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的勢頭

?

到2020年，美國經(jīng)濟增速將逐步放緩至2.3％：

US growth will steadily decelerate to 2.3 percent by 2020；

美國經(jīng)濟靠外資拉動：

the US growth is fueled by foreign investment.

[引申表達]

靠出口拉動增長：export-driven growth;be driven by

經(jīng)濟增速

速度放緩decelerate to +百分點

Slow down

Be fueled by 靠…拉動

Drive 項目 活動 計劃=campaign

現(xiàn)代化建設 modernization drive=program=initiative

The leading economic driver經(jīng)濟的主要推動力

?

美國政界分歧更大，政策信號不一，甚至會出現(xiàn)完全對立的政策：

A more divided Washington, mixed policy messages and potentially confrontational policies from the US

[引申表達]

人們對此反響不一：this has met mixed responses;

結果可謂喜憂參半：the result is mixed;

A more divided分歧更大

Mixed messages信號不一

confrontational

?