·單詞

send v.????（sent，sent）寄，送

????·send a card/a message/a letter

????·send me a card = send a card to me

????????·send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb.

postcard n.????明信片

spoil v.????使索然無(wú)味，損壞

????·精神方面的損壞

????·Postcards always spoil my holidays.

????·damage????可修復(fù)的損壞

????·destroy????徹底損壞，不能修了（猛烈的,大范圍的）

????·ruin????徹底的壞了（慢慢的，一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的損壞，日積月累的）

museum?n.????博物館

public adj.????公共的

????·public gardens/schools/opinions

????·n.????公眾，大眾

????????·The museum is open to the public on Sundays.

????·private adj.????私人的

frriendly adj.????友好的

????·a friendly waiter

????·He is friendly to all of us.? ? 對(duì) 誰(shuí) 友好的可以使用be friendly to

????·形容詞 + ly 變?副詞

????·名詞 + ly 變 形容詞

????·lovely????lonely????timely????bortherly

waiter n.????服務(wù)員，招待員（男）

????·waitress ????女服務(wù)員（tress它通常是女性后綴）

lend? v.????（lent，lent）借給

????·lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb.

????·lend me a book = lend a book to me

????·lend????借出/borrow????借入

????????·lend????指借給別人，往外借出去

? ? ????·borrow????指往里借，從別人哪里借進(jìn)來(lái)

decision n.????決定

????·I made a big decision

????·decide v.????決定

????·I decided to go abroad for further education.

whole adj.????整個(gè)的

????·a whole day.????一整天

single adj.????唯一的，單一的

·本課句型

一般過(guò)去時(shí)

????·形式：v.?過(guò)去式（did）

????·用法：過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為；完全發(fā)生在過(guò)去，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再這樣了

?????·一般過(guò)去時(shí)變否定疑問(wèn)

????????·謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為 be 動(dòng)詞時(shí)

? ? ? ? ????·You were happy.

????? ? ? ? ·You were not happy.? ? 否定句

????? ? ? ? ·Were you happy?? ? 一般疑問(wèn)句

????? ? ? ? ·How are you?? ? 特殊疑問(wèn)句?

????????·謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)

????????????·They had a meeting.

????????????·They did not have a meeting.

????????????·Did they have a?meeting?

????????????·What did they do/have?

主謂雙賓

????·Then he lent me a book.

????·雙賓語(yǔ) = 人 + 物????（物永遠(yuǎn)是直接賓語(yǔ)，人永遠(yuǎn)是間接賓語(yǔ)）

????·那些及物動(dòng)詞（vt.）能接雙賓語(yǔ)？

????????·send，teach，lend，give，ask，tell，offer

????????·cook，buy，get，make，write，bring，show...

????·雙賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 + sb. + sth. = 雙賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 + sth. + to/for + sb.????(to表方向，for表目的)

????·She gave me a book. = She gave a book to me.

????·I cooked him a meal. = I cooked a meal for him.

·課文

????Postcards always spoil my holidays. Last summer, I went toItaly. I visited museums and sat in public gardens. A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. 'Then he lent me a book. I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word. Every day I thought about postcards. My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send any cards to my friends. On the last day I made a big decision. I got up early and bought thirty-seven cards. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card!

teach sb. sth. = teach?sth. to sb.

read的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞都是read，但讀音不一樣，原型讀“睿得”，過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞讀“ruai得”

understand????understood????understood

think????thought????thought

think about? ? 考慮關(guān)于某件事

pass v.? ? 經(jīng)過(guò)（通常指時(shí)間上得經(jīng)過(guò)）

past n.????過(guò)去

spent????花費(fèi)（主語(yǔ)必須是人；既可以接花時(shí)間，也可以接花錢(qián)）

·知識(shí)拓展

一般過(guò)去時(shí)

I managed perfectly well on my own.????我自己應(yīng)付得很好

manage v.????應(yīng)付，掌控，承擔(dān)起來(lái)

不規(guī)則變化動(dòng)詞：

原型? ? 過(guò)去式? ? 過(guò)去分詞? ? 動(dòng)詞ing

·send????sent????sent

·spoil????spoiled/spoilt????spoiled/spoilt

·teach????taught????taught

·lend????lent????lent

·read????read????read

·understand????understood????understood

·make????made????made????making

·buy????bought????bought

·spend????spent????spent

·write????wrote????written????writing