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71『MIS』

MIS comes from the Latin vert mittere, "to send." A missile is something sent speeding through the air or water. And when your class is dismissed at the end of the day, you're sent home.

MIS來自拉丁語vert mittere，意思是“發(fā)送”。導彈是在空中或水中快速發(fā)射的東西。當你的課堂在一天結(jié)束時被宣告解散，你就可以回家了。

mission ? /?m??n/

n.使命;使團;官方使命;使團的使命;代表團;執(zhí)行任務的地點;(尤指在海外的)傳教;布道;布道團;布道所;軍事行動;太空飛行任務;任務，旅行

vi.作艱苦的長途旅行(尤指去許多地方)

(1) A task that someone is given to do, especially a military task. (2) A task that someone considers an important duty.

(1) 某人被賦予的任務，尤指軍事任務。(2) 被認為是一項重要職責的任務。

She considers it her mission to prevent unwanted puppies and kittens from being born.

她認為防止小狗和小貓的意外出生是她的使命。

Your own mission in life can be anything you pursue with almost religious enthusiasm. People with a mission—whether it's stopping drunk driving, keeping the town's public areas clean, increasing local recycling, or building a community center—very often succeed in really changing things.

你自己的人生使命可以是你以近乎宗教的熱情追求的任何東西。無論是制止酒后駕車、保持城鎮(zhèn)公共區(qū)域清潔、增加當?shù)鼗厥绽茫€是建設(shè)社區(qū)中心，肩負使命的人往往能成功地真正改變現(xiàn)狀。

missionary ? /?m???neri/

n.傳教士

adj.傳教(士)的

A person undertaking a mission, and especially a religious missionary.

承擔使命的人，尤指宗教傳教士。

North American missionaries have been working in Central America for decades, and you can find their churches in even the most remote jungle regions.

北美傳教士在中美洲工作了幾十年，即使在最偏遠的叢林地區(qū)也能找到他們的教堂。

Beginning around 1540, an order of Catholic priests known as the Jesuits began to send its members to many parts of the world to convert peoples who believed in other gods to Christianity. Wherever they went, the Catholic missionaries built central buildings for their religious work, and the buildings themselves became known as missions; many 17th-century missions in the American West and Southwest are now preserved as museums. Their foes, the Protestants, soon began sending out their own missionaries, and today Protestant missionaries are probably far more numerous.

從1540年左右開始，一個被稱為耶穌會士的天主教牧師會開始派遣其成員前往世界許多地方，讓信仰其他神的人皈依基督教。無論他們走到哪里，天主教傳教士都會為他們的宗教工作建造中心建筑，這些建筑本身也被稱為使團；許多17世紀在美國西部和西南部的使團現(xiàn)在都被保存為博物館。他們的敵人新教徒很快就開始派遣自己的傳教士，而今天的新教徒傳教士可能要多得多。

emissary ? /?em?seri/

n.使者;特使;密使

adj.密使的;間諜的

Someone sent out to represent another; an agent.

被派去代表另一個人的人；代理人。

Now in his 70s, he had served over many years as a presidential emissary to many troubled regions of the world.

現(xiàn)年70多歲的他曾擔任總統(tǒng)特使多年，前往世界上許多動亂地區(qū)。

Like missionaries, emissaries are sent on missions. However, emissaries are more likely to be representing governments, political leaders, and nonreligious institutions, and an emissary's mission is usually to negotiate or to gather information. So a president may send a trusted emissary to a war-torn region to discuss peace terms. A company's CEO may send an emissary to check out another company that they may be thinking of buying. And a politician may send out an emissary to persuade a wealthy individual to become a supporter.

如同傳教士，使者被派遣以執(zhí)行任務。然而，特使更有可能代表政府、政治領(lǐng)導人和非宗教機構(gòu)，而特使的任務通常是談判或收集信息。因此，總統(tǒng)可能會派遣一位值得信賴的特使前往飽受戰(zhàn)爭蹂躪的地區(qū)討論和平條款。一家公司的首席執(zhí)行官可能會派一名特使去檢查他們可能正在考慮收購的另一家公司。政治家可能會派出一名使者，說服一個富有的人成為支持者。

transmission ? /tr?nz?m??n/

n.傳輸;傳遞;傳送;傳達;傳染;(電子信號、信息或廣播、電視節(jié)目的)播送;發(fā)射;發(fā)送;(電臺或電視信息)廣播;(車輛的)傳動裝置，變速器

(1) The act or process of sending something from one point to another, especially sending electrical signals to a radio, television, computer, etc. (2) The gears by which the power is passed from the engine to the axle in a motor vehicle.

(1) 將某物從一個點發(fā)送到另一個點的行為或過程，尤指將電信號發(fā)送到無線電、電視、計算機等。(2)汽車中將動力從發(fā)動機傳遞到車軸的齒輪。

Even in the Middle Ages, transmission of news of a ruler's death across the Asian continent could be accomplished by sun reflectors within 24 hours.

即使在中世紀，統(tǒng)治者去世的消息也可以在24小時內(nèi)通過太陽反射器在亞洲大陸傳播。

Since trans- means "across", it's not hard to see the meaning of transmission. Disease transmission occurs when an infection passes from one living thing to another. TV signal transmission can be interrupted by tree leaves, including moving leaves and branches during a storm. Your car's transmission transmits the engine's power to the axle, changing the gears to keep the engine working with maximum efficiency at various speeds.

由于trans的意思是“跨越”，所以不難看出傳播的含義。當感染從一種生物傳播到另一種生物時，就會發(fā)生疾病傳播。電視信號傳輸可能會被樹葉中斷，包括風暴期間移動的樹葉和樹枝。汽車的變速器將發(fā)動機的動力傳輸?shù)杰囕S，改變檔位以使發(fā)動機在不同速度下以最大效率工作。

72『PEL』

PEL comes from the Latin verb pellere, meaning "to move or drive." So a propeller moves a small airplane forward. And if you dispel someone's fears, you "drive them away."

PEL來自拉丁語動詞pellere，意思是“移動或駕駛”。因此螺旋槳推動小型飛機向前移動。你消除了某人的恐懼，即“趕走恐懼”。

compel ? /k?m?pel/

vt.強迫;迫使;使必須;引起(反應)

(1) To force (someone) to do something. (2) To make (something) happen.

(1) 強迫(某人)做某事。(2) 使(某事)發(fā)生。

After returning from the lecture, they felt compelled to contribute to one of the refugee relief agencies.

講座結(jié)束后，他們覺得有必要為一家難民救濟機構(gòu)捐款。

The prefix com- acts as a strengthener in this word; thus, to compel is to drive powerfully, or force. So you may feel compelled to speak to a friend about his drinking, or compelled to reveal a secret in order to prevent something from happening. A compulsion is usually a powerful inner urge; a compulsive shopper or a compulsive gambler usually can't hold onto money for long. You might not want to do something unless there's a compelling reason; however, a compelling film is simply one that seems serious and important.

前綴com-在這個詞中起到了加強的作用；因此，強迫就是有力地推動，或者說迫使。因此，你可能會覺得不得不和朋友談論他的飲酒情況，或者為了防止事情發(fā)生而不得不透露秘密。強迫通常是一種強大的內(nèi)心沖動；強迫性購物者或強迫性賭徒通常無法長期持有金錢。除非有令人信服的理由，否則你可能不想做某事；然而，一部引人注目的電影只是一部看起來嚴肅而重要的電影。

expel ? /?k?spel/

vt.驅(qū)逐;排出;驅(qū)逐出境;把…開除(或除名);噴出

(1) To drive or force out. (2) To force to leave, usually by official action.

(1) 驅(qū)逐或強行驅(qū)逐。(2) 迫使離開，通常通過官方行動。

For repeatedly ignoring important agreements over several years, the two countries were eventually expelled from the trade organization.

由于多年來一再無視重要協(xié)議，這兩個國家最終被逐出了貿(mào)易組織。

To expel is to drive out, and its usual noun is expulsion. Expel is similar to eject, but expel suggests pushing out while eject suggests throwing out. Also, ejecting may only be temporary: the player ejected from a game may be back tomorrow, but the student expelled from school is probably out forever.

驅(qū)逐就是驅(qū)逐出去，它通常的名詞是驅(qū)逐。驅(qū)逐類似于彈射，但驅(qū)逐意味著推出，而彈射意味著拋出。此外，被除名可能只是暫時的：被除名的玩家明天可能會回來，但被開除的學生可能會永遠離開。

impel ? /?m?pel/

vt.促使;驅(qū)策;迫使

To urge or drive forward by strong moral force.

通過強大的道德力量推動或前進。

As the meeting wore on without any real progress being made, she felt impelled to stand and speak.

隨著會議的進行，沒有取得任何真正的進展，她覺得有必要站起來發(fā)言。

Impel is very similar in meaning to compel, and often a perfect synonym, though it tends to suggest even more strongly an inner drive to do something and a greater urgency to act, especially for moral reasons. But when impel takes its noun and adjective forms, it changes slightly. So an impulse—such as "impulse buying," when you suddenly see something cool and know you've got to have it—often isn't based on anything very serious. And impulsive behavior in general, such as blurting out something stupid on the spur of the moment, is the kind of thing you're supposed to get over when you grow up.

Impel在意思上與強迫非常相似，通常是一個完美的同義詞，盡管它往往更強烈地暗示著做某事的內(nèi)在動力和更大的行動緊迫性，尤其是出于道德原因。但當“沖動”采用名詞和形容詞形式時，它會略有變化。因此，像“沖動購買”這樣的沖動，當你突然看到一些很酷的東西，并且知道你必須擁有它時，通常并不是基于任何非常嚴重的事情。一般來說，沖動的行為，比如一時沖動脫口而出一些愚蠢的話，是你長大后應該克服的事情。

repel ? /r??pel/

v.擊退;驅(qū)逐;推開;趕走;驅(qū)除;使恐懼;使厭惡;排斥

(1) To keep (something) out or away. (2) To drive back.

(1) 把(某物)擋在外面或遠離。(2) 開車回去。

Her son, knowing how she was repelled by rats and snakes, had started keeping them in his bedroom.

她的兒子知道她是如何被恐懼老鼠和蛇的，于是開始把它們放在臥室里。

Since re- can mean not just "again" but also "back", repel means "drive back." Repel has two common adjective forms; thus, a repellent or repulsive odor may drive us into the other room. Its main noun form is repulsion. Magnets exhibit both attraction and repulsion, and the goal of an armed defense is the repulsion of an enemy; but we generally use repulsion to mean "strong dislike." In recent years, repulse has been increasingly used as a synonym for repel ("That guy repulses me”).

由于re-不僅可以表示“再次”，還可以表示“回來”，所以reject的意思是“趕回”。repel有兩種常見的形容詞形式；因此，一種令人厭惡或厭惡的氣味可能會驅(qū)使我們進入另一個房間。它的主要名詞形式是排斥。磁鐵同時表現(xiàn)出吸引力和排斥力，武裝防御的目標是擊退敵人；但我們通常用排斥來表示“強烈的厭惡”。近年來，排斥越來越多地被用作排斥的同義詞(“那個家伙排斥我”)。

73『PUT』

PUT comes from the Latin verb putare, meaning"to think, consider, or believe." So, for example, a reputation is what others think of you. But when the root shows up in such words as compute, dispute, and deputy, its meaning is harder to trace.

PUT來自拉丁語動詞putare，意思是“思考、考慮或相信”。例如，聲譽就是別人對你的看法。但當詞根出現(xiàn)在計算、爭議和代理等詞中時，其含義就更難追溯了。

reputed ? /r??pju?t?d/

adj.所謂;普遍認為;號稱

Believed to be a certain way by popular opinion.

大眾輿論認為是某種方式。

The 15th-century prince Vlad the Impaler is reputed to have inspired the character Dracula, though in fact, evil though Vlad was, Dracula's creator only borrowed his nickname.

15世紀的王子弗拉德被認為是德古拉這個角色的靈感來源，盡管事實上，盡管弗拉德是邪惡的，但德古拉的創(chuàng)造者只是借用了他的昵稱。

Reputed is used constantly today by reporters, and almost always to describe suspected criminals—"the reputed mobster," "the reputed drug kingpin," "the reputed gang leader," etc. But the word shouldn't be left to journalists; your elderly aunt may, for instance, be reputed to have made a large fortune in oil, or to have had four husbands who all died mysteriously. Reputed is easy to confuse with reputable, and they used to mean the same thing—that is, "having a good reputation"—but it's become rare to hear reputed used with that meaning today.

如今，記者們經(jīng)常使用“名譽”一詞，幾乎總是用來形容犯罪嫌疑人——“著名的暴徒”、“著名的毒梟”、“知名的黑幫頭目”等。但這個詞不應該留給記者；例如，你年邁的姑姑可能被認為在石油方面賺了一大筆錢，或者有四個丈夫都神秘地去世了。reputed很容易與reputable混淆，它們過去的意思是“有良好的聲譽”，但現(xiàn)在很少聽到聲譽好的人用reputed這個詞。

disrepute ? /?d?sr??pju?t/

n.喪失名譽;壞名聲

Loss or lack of good reputation; disgrace.

喪失或缺乏良好聲譽；丟臉

The family had fallen into disrepute after the conviction and imprisonment of his father and uncle.

在他的父親和叔叔被定罪入獄后，這個家庭名譽掃地。

A reputation can be easy to lose, and someone who is no longer respectable may eventually find he's become genuinely disreputable—the kind of person that almost no one wants to be seen with. Disrepute isn't only for individuals: A company may fall into disrepute as a result of news stories about its products' defects; drug scandals have brought entire sports into disrepute; and a scientific theory may fall into disrepute as a result of new discoveries.

聲譽很容易失去，一個不再受人尊敬的人最終可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己變得真正聲名狼藉——幾乎沒有人愿意和他在一起。名聲不只是針對個人：一家公司可能會因為有關(guān)其產(chǎn)品缺陷的新聞報道而名譽掃地；毒品丑聞使整個體育運動名譽掃地；一個科學理論可能會因為新的發(fā)現(xiàn)而名譽掃地。

impute ? /?m?pju?t/

v.歸咎(于);歸罪(于);歸因(于)

To attribute.

歸因于。

The British imputed motives of piracy to American ships trying to prevent them from interfering with American trade during the War of 1812.

1812年戰(zhàn)爭期間，英國人將海盜行為的動機歸咎于美國船只試圖阻止他們干涉美國貿(mào)易。

Imputing something to someone (or something) usually means observing something invisible in that person (or thing). We may impute meaning to a play or novel, or to a casual remark by a friend, that was never intended. Many of us like to impute bad motives to others, while always regarding our own motives as pure. In tax law, imputed income is something that isn't actual money but might as well be—for example, the free use of a car lent to you by your employer.

將某事歸咎于某人(或某物)通常意味著觀察到該人(或事物)身上看不見的東西。我們可能會把意義歸咎于一部戲劇或小說，或者朋友的一句隨意的話，而這些都是無意的。我們中的許多人喜歡將不良動機歸咎于他人，而總是認為自己的動機是純粹的。在稅法中，估算收入不是實際的錢，但也可能是，例如，免費使用雇主借給你的汽車。

putative ? /?pju?t?t?v/

adj.推定的;認定的;公認的

Generally supposed; assumed to exist.

一般假定的；假定存在。

To strengthen the case for the defense, a putative expert took the stand.

為了加強辯方的論據(jù)，一位公認的專家站了出來。

Putative is almost always used to express doubt or skepticism about a common belief. Thus, Tintagel Castle in Cornwall, a picturesque ruin, is the putative fortress of the medieval King Arthur. The residents of New York City are putatively chic, neurotic, rude, and dangerous. And cable TV is full of putative experts, who often turn out not to have much knowledge of the subjects they're talking about.

Putative幾乎總是用來表達對一個共同信仰的懷疑。因此，康沃爾郡的廷塔杰爾城堡，一座風景如畫的廢墟，被認為是中世紀亞瑟王的堡壘。紐約市的居民被認為是時髦、神經(jīng)質(zhì)、粗魯和危險的。有線電視上充斥著公認的專家，他們往往對所談論的話題知之甚少。

74『LOG』

LOG, from the Greek word logos, meaning "word," "speech," or "reason," is found particularly in English words that end in -logy and -logue. The ending -logy often means "the study of"; so, for instance, biology is the study of life, and anthropology is the study of humans. And -logue usually indicates a type of discussion; thus, dialogue is conversation between two people or groups, and an epilogue is an author's last words on a subject. But exceptions aren't hard to find.

LOG，來自希臘語單詞logos，意思是“單詞”、“言語”或“原因”，尤其是在以-logy和-logue結(jié)尾的英語單詞中。后綴-logy通常意味著“對某物的研究”；例如，生物學是對生命的研究，人類學是對人類的研究。后綴-logue通常表示一種類型的討論；因此，對話是兩個人或兩個群體之間的對話，尾聲是作者對一個主題的最后一句話。但也不難找到例外。

physiology ? /?f?zi?ɑ?l?d?i/

n.生理學;生理機能

(1) A branch of biology dealing with the processes and activities by which living things, tissues, and cells function. (2) The life processes and activities of a living thing or any of its parts.

(1) 生物學的一個分支，研究生物、組織和細胞發(fā)揮作用的過程和活動。(2) 生物或其任何部分的生命過程和活動。

For students planning to go to medical school, the university’s most popular major is Human Physiology.

對于打算上醫(yī)學院的學生來說，該大學最受歡迎的專業(yè)是人體生理學。

The Latin root physio- generally means "physical," so human physiology deals with just about everything that keeps us alive and working, and other physiology specialties do the same for other animals and for plants. To do anything serious in the field of health, you’ve obviously got to know how the body's organs and cells function normally. Physiology used to be considered separately from anatomy, which focuses on the body's structures; however, it's now known that structure and function can't easily be separated in a scientific way, so "anatomy and physiology" are often spoken of in the same breath.

拉丁詞根physio-通常意思是“身體的”，所以人類生理學處理的幾乎是維持我們生存和工作的一切，而其他生理學專業(yè)對其他動物和植物也是如此。要想在健康領(lǐng)域做任何嚴肅的事情，你顯然必須了解身體的器官和細胞是如何正常工作的。生理學過去是與解剖學分開考慮的，解剖學側(cè)重于身體的結(jié)構(gòu)；然而，現(xiàn)在人們已經(jīng)知道，結(jié)構(gòu)和功能不容易以科學的方式分離，因此“解剖學和生理學”經(jīng)常被同時提及。

methodology ? /?meθ??dɑ?l?d?i/

n.方法論;(從事某一活動的)方法，原則

A set of methods or rules followed in a science or field.

科學或領(lǐng)域中遵循的一套方法或規(guī)則。

Some researchers claimed that Dr. Keller's methodology was sloppy and had led to unreliable conclusions.

一些研究人員聲稱凱勒的方法很草率，導致了不可靠的結(jié)論。

The methodology employed in an experiment is essential to its success, and bad methodology has spoiled thousands of research projects. So whenever a piece of research is published in a scientific or medical journal, the researchers always carefully describe their methodology; otherwise, other scientists couldn't possibly judge the quality of what they've done.

實驗中使用的方法論對其成功至關(guān)重要，而糟糕的方法論已經(jīng)破壞了數(shù)千個研究項目。因此，每當一項研究發(fā)表在科學或醫(yī)學期刊上時，研究人員總是仔細描述他們的方法；否則，其他科學家不可能判斷他們所做工作的質(zhì)量。

ideology ? /?a?di?ɑ?l?d?i/

n.思想(體系);思想意識;意識形態(tài);觀念形態(tài)

The set of ideas and beliefs of a group or political party.

一個團體或政黨的一套思想和信念。

By the time she turned 19, she realized she no longer believed in her family's political ideology.

當她年滿19歲時，她意識到自己不再相信家族的政治意識形態(tài)。

The root ideo-, as you might guess, means "idea." Ideas and theories about human behavior can always be carried too far, since such behavior is very hard to pin down. So ideological thinkers—people who come up with large theories about how the world works and try to explain everything (and maybe even predict the future) according to those theories—are almost always disappointed, sooner or later, to find that it doesn't really work out. A person intensely devoted to a set of political ideas or theories can be called an ideologue—a translation of the French idéologue, a word actually coined by Napoleon as a label for those political thinkers full of ideas he had no use for.

正如你可能猜到的，詞根ideo-的意思是“想法”。關(guān)于人類行為的想法和理論總是可能走得太遠，因為這種行為很難確定。因此，意識形態(tài)思想家——那些提出關(guān)于世界如何運作的大理論，并試圖根據(jù)這些理論解釋一切(甚至可能預測未來)的人——幾乎總是失望，遲早會發(fā)現(xiàn)它并沒有真正奏效。一個強烈致力于一套政治思想或理論的人可以被稱為意識形態(tài)——法語idéologue的翻譯，這個詞實際上是拿破侖創(chuàng)造的，用來給那些充滿他沒有用的思想的政治思想家貼標簽。

cardiology ? /?kɑ?rdi?ɑ?l?d?i/

n.心臟病學

The study of the heart and its action and diseases.

對心臟及其作用和疾病的研究。

After his heart attack, he actually bought himself a cardiology textbook and set about learning everything he could about his unreliable organ.

心臟病發(fā)作后，他實際上給自己買了一本心臟病學教科書，并開始盡可能學習關(guān)于他不可靠器官的一切知識。

The root card- (closely related to cord) shows up in many heart-related words. Cardiologists frequently find themselves studying cardiograms, the charts of heart activity, made by machines called cardiographs. Heart attacks, and deaths caused by them, have both declined as a result of better medical emergency procedures, cholesterol-lowering drugs, and a decline in smoking. But the factors likely to actually improve heart health, such as better diets and more cardiovascular exercise (exercise, such as running, that improves the heart and blood vessels), haven't made any progress at all. So we should all be prepared to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (an emergency procedure done on someone whose heart has stopped, to get the heart and lungs working again).

詞根card-(與臍帶密切相關(guān))出現(xiàn)在許多與心臟相關(guān)的單詞中。心臟病學家經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在研究心電圖，即由稱為心電圖機的機器制作的心臟活動圖。由于更好的醫(yī)療急救程序、降低膽固醇的藥物和吸煙的減少，心臟病發(fā)作和由此導致的死亡都有所下降。但可能真正改善心臟健康的因素，如更好的飲食和更多的心血管運動(如跑步等可以改善心臟和血管的運動)，根本沒有取得任何進展。因此，我們都應該做好心肺復蘇的準備(這是一種對心臟停止跳動的人進行的緊急手術(shù)，以使心臟和肺部恢復工作)。

75『TERR』

TERR comes from the Latin terra, "earth." A territory is a large expanse of land. Terra firma is Latin for "firm ground" as opposed to the swaying seas. A terrace is a leveled area, often one created for farming on a sloping hill. And the French word for potato, pomme de terre, means literally "apple of the earth."

TERR來自拉丁語terra，“地球”。領(lǐng)土是一大片土地。Terra firma在拉丁語中的意思是“堅實的地面”，而不是搖擺的海洋。露臺是一個平整的區(qū)域，通常是為在斜坡上耕種而建的。法語中土豆是pomme de terre，字面意思是“地里的蘋果”。（我與朋友說：原來土豆是地球上的蘋果。她：是地里的蘋果，哪個蘋果不是地球上的呢？（笑。

parterre ? /pɑ?r?ter/

n.花壇;花圃;(尤指戲院樓廳底下的)正廳觀眾席

(1) A decorative garden with paths between the beds of plants. (2) The back area of the ground floor of a theater, often under the balcony.

(1) 一個裝飾性的花園，植物床之間有小路。(2) 劇院底層的后面區(qū)域，通常在陽臺下。??

The city's park boasts a beautiful parterre with many varieties ?of roses.

這個城市的公園有一個美麗的花壇，有很多品種?玫瑰。

Parterre comes to English by way of French, where it means "on the ground." And in the early years of the theater, the parterre was truly on the ground. In Shakespeare's day, an English theater's parterre was the cheap standing-room area right in front of the stage, normally filled with rowdy spectators. The original idea of the French parterre garden, with its carefully designed plots and walkways, was to present an artistic pattern when seen from above—from a balcony, a raised terrace, or the top of an outdoor staircase. English gardeners responded with garden designs that tried to make their viewers half-forget that they were seeing something created by humans rather than untamed nature itself.

Parterre在英語中是以法語的形式出現(xiàn)的，法語的意思是“在地面上”。在戲劇的早期，Parterre確實在地面上。在莎士比亞時代，英國劇院的走廊是舞臺正前方的廉價站立區(qū)，通常擠滿了喧鬧的觀眾。法國花壇花園的最初想法是，從陽臺、凸起的露臺或戶外樓梯頂部俯視，呈現(xiàn)出一種藝術(shù)圖案，花園的地塊和人行道都經(jīng)過了精心設(shè)計。英國園丁們以花園設(shè)計作為回應，試圖讓觀眾一半忘記他們看到的是人類創(chuàng)造的東西，而不是未馴服的自然本身。

subterranean ? /?s?bt??re?ni?n/

adj.地下的;在地下進行的，地底下發(fā)生的;私下的，暗中的，秘密進行的;隱藏的，隱蔽的

n.生活在地下的人;在地下工作的人;地下物;地下洞穴;地下室

Underground.

地下的。

In Carlsbad Caverns National Park there is an astonishing subterranean chamber over half a mile long.

在卡爾斯巴德洞穴國家公園，有一個超過半英里長的令人驚嘆的地下洞穴。

A tunnel is a subterranean road or pathway, and a subway is a subterranean railway. The subterranean vaults at Fort Knox hold billions of dollars of gold reserves. Subterranean reservoirs called aquifers are tapped for water; in places where the pressure on the subterranean water is great enough, a hole drilled in the ground will bring it bubbling to the surface.

隧道是一條地下道路，而地鐵是一條地下軌道。諾克斯堡的地下金庫擁有數(shù)十億美元的黃金儲備。地下水庫被稱為含水層，用來取水；在地下水壓力足夠大的地方，在地下鉆一個洞，就會使其冒泡到地表。

terrarium ? /te?reri?m/

n.生物育養(yǎng)箱;玻璃花園

An enclosure, usually transparent, with a layer of dirt in the bottom in which plants and sometimes small animals are kept indoors.

一種通常是透明的圍欄，底部有一層泥土，室內(nèi)飼養(yǎng)植物，有時飼養(yǎng)小動物。

When no one was watching, they dropped their snake in the fifth-grade terrarium, and then waited in the hall to hear the screams.

當沒有人觀看時，他們把蛇扔到了五年級的玻璃容器里，然后在大廳里等著聽尖叫聲。

The turtle exhibit at a zoo is often in the form of a terrarium, as are some of the exhibits at a plant conservatory. In an ant terrarium, elementary-school students watch the ants dig their network of tunnels as if no one were watching. Terrariums try to create conditions as close as possible to a natural habitat. A covered terrarium can often sustain itself for months on the moisture trapped inside. But creating a good terrarium requires careful control not only of humidity but also of temperature, as well as good ventilation; the lighting should include the full spectrum of sunlight as well as a day-night regulator.

動物園里的海龜展覽通常是玻璃容器的形式，植物溫室里的一些展覽也是如此。在螞蟻玻璃容器里，小學生們看著螞蟻挖掘他們的隧道網(wǎng)絡(luò)，就好像沒有人在看一樣。梯田試圖創(chuàng)造盡可能接近自然棲息地的條件。一個有蓋的玻璃容器通?？梢砸揽坷锩娴乃志S持數(shù)月。但是，創(chuàng)造一個好的玻璃容器不僅需要仔細控制濕度，還需要仔細控制溫度，以及良好的通風；照明應包括全光譜的陽光以及晝夜調(diào)節(jié)器。

terrestrial ? /t??restri?l/

adj.陸地的;陸棲的;陸生的;地球的;地球上的;陸地上的，地面上的(與衛(wèi)星相對而言)

n.地球人;陸地生物

(1) Having to do with Earth or its inhabitants. (2) Living or growing on land instead of in water or air.

(1) 與地球或其居民有關(guān)的。(2) 生活或生長在陸地上，而不是在水或空氣中。

The roadrunner, although a largely terrestrial bird, can take flight for short periods when necessary.

越野鳥雖然主要是陸地鳥類，但在必要時可以短時間飛行。

Everything on or having to do with Earth can be called terrestrial. Mercury, Venus, and Mars are often called the terrestrial planets, since they are rocky balls somewhat like Earth rather than great globes of gas like Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Something extraterrestrial comes from beyond the earth and its atmosphere; the word can be used to describe anything "out of this world," from moon rocks to meteors. Turning to the second sense of terrestrial, animals are often divided into the terrestrial (land-living) and the aquatic (water-living). And sometimes terrestrial animals are contrasted with arboreal animals, those that live in trees.

地球上的一切或與地球有關(guān)的一切都可以稱為地球。水星、金星和火星通常被稱為類地行星，因為它們是有點像地球的巖石球，而不是像木星、土星、天王星和海王星這樣的大氣體球。來自地球及其大氣層之外的外星物質(zhì)；這個詞可以用來形容“世界之外”的任何東西，從月球巖石到流星。轉(zhuǎn)向陸地的第二種感覺，動物通常分為陸地動物(陸地生物)和水生動物(水生物)。有時陸地動物與樹棲動物形成對比，樹棲動物生活在樹上。