戀詞考研英語真題5500詞第一天Unit 01開始
state
Noun. [steit] 狀態(tài),情況;國;州
Verb. [steit] 陳述;說明;規(guī)定
形近詞:statute, manifestation, statistic, statistical, stationary, statement, understatement, overstate, statesman,estate,devastate,devastating,workstation,status。
state [n] 狀態(tài),情況
One of these urges has to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world”, to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot.
這道2013年的考研翻譯真題該怎么翻譯?
句子拆開再組合:
urge作動詞是催促、敦促、大力推薦、竭力主張、驅趕、鞭策。urge作名詞是沖動和強烈的欲望,這種一詞多義,想想就明白了,有欲望才會沖動。One of these urges。這里的urges很明顯是urge作為名詞的復數形式。have to do是不得不做的意思,但是,have to do with是與...有關的意思。One of these urges has to do with其中一種欲望與...有關。那么到底是與什么有關呢?with后面是creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence。繼續(xù)將句子拆開。Creating a state of ...。state前面加了a,很明顯句子中的state是名詞了,情況,狀態(tài)。Creating a state of ...翻譯成創(chuàng)造一種。。。樣的狀態(tài)。那么到底是什么樣的狀態(tài)。Creating a state of peace ....。peace和平,平靜,和睦。創(chuàng)造一種平靜的狀態(tài)。什么樣的peace?peace in the midst of turbulence, 句中 的midst是介詞[prep],意為在...中間,在...當中。turbulence是名詞激流動蕩。所以,peace in the midst of turbulence。就是在激流中的平靜,或者是混亂中的平靜。
那么creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence,就是創(chuàng)造一種在混亂中平靜的狀態(tài)。那么One of these urges has to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence,就是其中的一種欲望與創(chuàng)造一種混亂中的平靜狀態(tài)有關。
第一個逗號前面的句子翻譯完了,現在看第一個逗號和第二個逗號之間的句子,a “still point of the turning world”, 句子中的still可以作名詞,動詞,形容詞和副詞。副詞修飾動詞,形容詞修飾名詞,still point of the turning world的still很明顯是形容詞修飾point,意為靜止的點。turning world,turn只有動詞,名詞兩種詞性。turning是turn的ing形式,表示旋轉的。turning world 強調正在旋轉/翻轉的世界。a “still point of the turning world”,意思是:一個“旋轉中的世界的靜止點”。最后一個逗號后面的 “to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot”。phrase可作名詞短語,習語和動詞表達,推敲的意思。a phrase這里phrase是名詞,翻譯成一個短語。T. S. Eliot西方著名文學家。最后一個逗號后面的 “to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot”意為借用E.S.Eliot的說法。這句很明顯是狀語,起修飾作用,修飾什么,逗號后面的“to borrow a phrase from T.S.Eliot”作為狀語修飾逗號前面的“a ‘still point of the turning world’”。因為——a “still point of the turning world”中話加了引號,引號的內容代表引用別人,逗號后面又直接說了,用E.S.Eliot的說法來說。那么引號中引用別人的話,來自于E.S.Eliot。邏輯就清楚了。
所以,這道2013年的考研翻譯真題。原文是——
One of these urges has to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world”, to borrow a phrase from T.S.Eliot.
翻譯成(書中給的參考譯文):
其中的一種欲望與創(chuàng)造一種鬧中取靜的狀態(tài)有關,借用T.S.艾略特的說法就是一個“旋轉世界的靜止點”。
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state [n] 州
During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford.
一點點的拆開這個句子。先看第一個逗號前的“During the 2016 presidential campaign”。presidential是president的派生詞。president是總統(tǒng),總裁,主席,會長的意思,campaign是運動,戰(zhàn)役,競選。presidential campaign一般是總統(tǒng)競選的意思,何況聯系上下文,后面還有politically critical state of Michigan,political是政治的意思。那么During the 2016 presidential campaign,就是在2016年的總統(tǒng)競選中。
現在來看第一個逗號和第二個逗號之間的句子?!皀early a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news”。先找完整的主謂賓和主系表結構。“... was fake news”。“...是假新聞”。那到底什么是假新聞呢?也就是主語是什么?nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news。主語是,“nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan”。nearly a quarter of web content近四分之一的網絡內容。quarter意思是四分之一。shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan。Michigan是密歇根州。politically政治地,副詞修飾形容詞critical。critical有批判的,關鍵的意思,這里是關鍵的。Politically critical state字面翻譯是政治關鍵州,其實就是中文語境下的搖擺州的意思——美國有傳統(tǒng)意義上的藍州(民主黨大本營),紅州(共和黨大本營),搖擺州(也叫政治關鍵州,可能被民主黨拿下,也可能被共和黨拿下)。
shared by Twitter users被推特用戶分享。哪里的推特用戶,in the politically critical state of Michigan。政治關鍵州密歇根州的推特用戶。
所以,第一個逗號和第二個逗號之間的句子“nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news”意思是,政治關鍵州密歇根州的推特用戶分享的網絡內容中,有近1/4都是假新聞。一定要注意,nearly是副詞,修飾動詞的,這里是修飾was,而不是修飾名詞a quarter of web content。所以,翻譯成近1/4都是假新聞最符合英文愿意。
according to the University of Oxford。根據牛津大學所說。according to是介詞,意思是根據,依據,根據...所說。
所以,整個句子——
During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford.
翻譯成(書中的參考譯文):
根據牛津大學的說法,2016年美國總統(tǒng)大選期間,在政治關鍵州密歇根州的推特用戶分享的網絡內容中,有近1/4都是假新聞。
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statute [?st?t?u:t] n. 法令;法規(guī)
Penalties are laid down in the statue.法令中規(guī)定了懲罰。
laid down放下,制定,規(guī)定,頒布
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manifestation [?m?n?fe?ste??n] n. 顯示,表現;示威運動
The riots are a clear manifestation of the people’s discontent.
騷亂是人民不滿的一個清晰顯示。riot可作名詞騷亂和不及物動詞騷亂。
Some manifestation of your concern would have been appreciate.
如果你的關心有一部分表示,會被感激的。Would have been表示否定。這句話也可以翻譯成,你當時要是表現出一些關心就好了。
manifestation作為示威運動時和demonstration同義。
There were violent demonstration/manifestation against war. 爆發(fā)了激烈的反戰(zhàn)示威運動。
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statistic [st??t?st?k] n.統(tǒng)計數值。adj. 統(tǒng)計的;統(tǒng)計學的;
statistical [st??t?st?kl] adj.統(tǒng)計的;統(tǒng)計學的;
These statistics are misleading.這些統(tǒng)計數值在誤導人們。
There is a compulsory course in statistic.統(tǒng)計學有一門必修課。
compulsory義務的,強制的,必修的。
statistical analysis統(tǒng)計分析
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Most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish.
大部分期刊在統(tǒng)計數值上的審查都很弱,這會傷害他們刊登內容的質量。
論文的結論根據統(tǒng)計數據而來,如果統(tǒng)計數據是偽造的(這種事在學術界很常見),那么論文的成果是不堪一擊的。這是學術造假。
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stationary [?ste???neri] adj. 固定的;靜止的;不動的;
stationery [?ste???neri]?n. 文具
I remained stationary. 我留下不動。?
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statement [?ste?tm?nt] n. (正式或明確的口頭或書面)陳述,聲明;(意見或觀點的)表達,表現
A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 2007 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage, raised serious questions about both Vermont Yankee’s safety and Entergy’s management especially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe.
將句子拆開再組合。
A string of 一連串的。A string of accidents,一連串的事件,什么樣的一連串事件。第一個逗號和第二個逗號之間的話是修飾A string of accidents的狀語?!癷ncluding the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 2007 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage”,cooling tower冷卻塔。partial部分的,collapse倒塌。leakage泄露。所以“including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 2007 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage”翻譯成——包括2007年發(fā)生的一個冷卻塔的部分倒塌和地下管道系統(tǒng)泄露的發(fā)現。第二個逗號后面的句子——“raised serious questions about both Vermont Yankee’s safety and Entergy’s management especially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe”. 句子中的Vermont Yankee指的是佛蒙特洋基核電廠,Entergy指的是安特吉公司。raised serious questions about引起了一系列有關...的嚴重質疑。question除了問題還有質疑的意思。和什么有關的強烈質疑呢?“both Vermont Yankee’s safety and Entergy’s management especially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe”. both 兩者,雙方。質疑是對兩者和雙方的。Both Vermont Yankee’s safety and Entergy’s managment是對佛蒙特洋基核電廠的安全性和安特吉公司的管理雙方的質疑。Especially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe。尤其是在公司對管道做出了誤導性的聲明后。
現在,將拆開的句子重新組合。原文——
A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 2007 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage, raised serious questions about both Vermont Yankee’s safety and Entergy’s management especially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe.
包含2007年冷卻塔部分倒塌和地下管道系統(tǒng)泄露的發(fā)現這一系列事件,引發(fā)了對于佛夢特洋基核電廠的安全性和安特吉公司管理的強烈質疑,尤其是在公司做出了對管道的誤導性聲明后。
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understatement [??nd?rste?tm?nt] n.保守陳述;不充分的陳述;輕描淡寫
?“These figures are a bit disappointing”?.“That’s got to be the understatement of the year”. “這些數字有些讓人失望”。“那一定是本年度最保守的說法”。
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overstate [?o?v?r?ste?t] vt,夸張,夸大地敘述
It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts.
句子拆開再組合。首先,It was banks that were on the wrong planet, 句子中的on the wrong planet是脫離實際,荒謬,不靠譜的意思。It was banks that were on the wrong planet,意為是銀行脫離了實際。那么銀行是如何脫離實際的呢?with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. 他們的賬戶巨大地高估了資產。vastly副詞修飾動詞overvalue。Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, 今天他們爭論市場價格夸大了虧損,because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts.因為它們(市場價格)主要反應了市場的當前流動性不足,而不是壞賬的可能范圍。largely副詞,意思為主要地,在很大程度上,多半。temporary形容詞,暫時的,短暫的,臨時的。illiquidity不流動性。likely可作形容詞和副詞,這里是形容詞,修飾extent。
那么,整個句子——
It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts.
翻譯成:是銀行脫離了實際,他們的賬戶極大地高估了資產。今天他們爭論市場價格夸大了損失,因為它們(市場價格)主要反映了市場的不流動性,而不是壞賬的可能范圍。
歷史總是在重復自身,發(fā)生在美國的次貸危機,現在的中國,房地產不能跌與銀行命運息息相關。
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statesman [?ste?tsm?n] n.政治家
Hamilton is a great statesman and political thinker.
漢密爾頓是一個偉大的政治家和政治思想家。
美國百老匯著名的音樂劇《Hamilton》就是以這位政治家為藍本寫的音樂劇。
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estate [??ste?t] n. 房地產;身份;財產
He made a fortune in real estate. 他在房地產上發(fā)了財。
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devastate [?dev?ste?t] v. 毀滅,毀壞
devastating [?dev?ste?t??]?adj. 毀滅性的;極具破壞力的
The wear and tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.
這些更長的關系中的損耗可以是非常有破壞性的。
wear除了穿,還有磨損的意思,tear眼淚。wear and tear磨損,消耗。
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workstation [?w??rkste??n] n.工作臺
Claire C. Gordon, senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass., ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration. She says that, unlike those for basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time.
句子拆開再組合。anthropology人類學,anthropologist人類學家。senior資深的,年長的。Claire C. Gordon人名字,后面的句子是對這個人的介紹,senior anthropologist一個資深人類學家,什么樣的資深人類學家。at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass. 句子中的Army是大寫,所以是陸軍。馬薩州內蒂克陸軍研究中心的資深人類學家。ensures that ,確保什么。90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration.百分之90的制服和工作臺適合新兵不用更改。
alter動詞更改,alteration名詞更改。recruit新兵。uniform制服。
所以整個句子怎么翻譯:
馬薩州內蒂克陸軍研究中心的資深人類學家Claire C. Gordon保證,百分之九十的制服和工作臺適合新兵無需更改。她說,軍隊制服的長度不像是那些為籃球準備的,已經有一段時間沒有更改了。