正文翻譯

評(píng)論翻譯

Thomas Pauken II?

BEIJING: Yes it’s true that China’s public transportation is affordable and I would like to add very efficient, when comparing it to the New York City public transportation system, which I had the unfortunate experience to discover on a trip to the United States last year.

北京: 是的，中國(guó)的公共交通是負(fù)擔(dān)得起的，我想補(bǔ)充的是，與紐約市的公共交通系統(tǒng)相比，中國(guó)的公共交通是非常高效的。

The NYC Subway was dirty, expensive and complicated. I had used the Beijing Subway daily for the past 10 years of my life and the differences between the two were shocking.

紐約地鐵骯臟、昂貴、復(fù)雜。在過(guò)去的10年里，我每天都乘坐北京地鐵，兩者之間的差異令人震驚。

The NYC subway has many homeless and unhygienic people lurking on the platforms as they keep menacing commuters by yelling at them and in worse cases exposing themselves in public.

紐約地鐵站里有很多無(wú)家可歸和不愛衛(wèi)生的人在站臺(tái)上潛伏，他們不斷威脅乘客，對(duì)他們大喊大叫，更糟糕的是，他們還在公共場(chǎng)合裸露自己的身體。

The escalators are important, since people carrying luggage will struggle when walking up the stairs. When I first arrived in Beijing in October 2010 I recall fewer escalators under operation, but after price tickets increases had gone into effect at around 2015 - more escalators, new lines and subways stations had opened up.

自動(dòng)扶梯很重要，因?yàn)閹欣畹娜松蠘翘輹r(shí)會(huì)很費(fèi)力。2010年10月我第一次來(lái)到北京時(shí)，我記得運(yùn)行中的自動(dòng)扶梯比較少，但在2015年左右票價(jià)上調(diào)生效后，更多的自動(dòng)扶梯、新線路和地鐵站開通了。

Ticket prices are relatively cheap. Although I’m not an accountant or expert on public expenditures, I will engage in some speculation. Tens of millions of commuters use the Beijing Subway system everyday and uniformed guards make sure nobody is jumping over the ticket rails.

票價(jià)相對(duì)便宜。雖然我不是一個(gè)會(huì)計(jì)師或公共支出專家，但我會(huì)做一些預(yù)測(cè)。每天有數(shù)以千萬(wàn)計(jì)的乘客乘坐北京地鐵，穿制服的警衛(wèi)確保沒有人會(huì)逃票。

The large numbers of passengers means cash keeps pouring into the public transportation system, while the trains and lines undergo frequent checks every night when the subway shuts down from 11 pm at night to 5 am the next morning.

大量的乘客意味著現(xiàn)金源源不斷地涌入公共交通系統(tǒng)，地鐵從晚上11點(diǎn)到第二天早上5點(diǎn)是不運(yùn)行的，每天晚上列車和線路都要接受頻繁的檢查。

Accordingly, there are fewer maintenance breakdowns and that cuts costs on repairs and lessens the times of unscheduled interruptions.

因此，較少的維修故障可降低維修費(fèi)用以及減少地鐵停運(yùn)次數(shù)。

The only time when the Beijing Subway has few passengers is during the Chinese New Year’s holiday. It’s crowded at all other times included on weekends and evenings. The steady flow of passengers means cash keeps going into the system.

北京地鐵只有在春節(jié)期間乘客很少。周末和晚上的其他時(shí)間都很擁擠。穩(wěn)定的乘客流量意味著現(xiàn)金持續(xù)流入系統(tǒng)。

We can read more about the Beijing Subway from Xinhua. The lix is here:

我們可以從新華社了解更多關(guān)于北京地鐵的信息，鏈接在這里:

http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-02/25/c_138817328.htm
As reported by Xinhua:

據(jù)新華社報(bào)道:

“Trains will also be disinfected five times before departure and staff will disinfect the carriages before they return to the station.

“火車在發(fā)車前進(jìn)行5次消毒，工作人員將在地鐵返回車站前進(jìn)行消毒。

Passengers are required to wear masks on board the train and keep a safe distance between each other. For those who insist on not wearing masks, staff will seek help from the police.

乘客上車時(shí)必須戴上口罩，并保持安全距離。對(duì)于那些堅(jiān)持不戴口罩的人，工作人員會(huì)尋求警方的幫助。

Beijing has been conducting daily disinfection and body temperature checks of passengers in 23 subways lines covering 405 stations since early February.”

自2月初以來(lái)，北京已經(jīng)對(duì)405個(gè)車站的23條地鐵線路的乘客進(jìn)行了日常消毒和體溫檢測(cè)?！?/p>

The big drawback is very crowded subways during rush hours and on popular lines.?

最大的缺點(diǎn)是在高峰時(shí)間和一些熱門線路會(huì)非常擁擠。

Hence, you have to make psychological adjustments to such circumstances, especially if you have long-term plans to live, work and/or study in the capital city. But sometimes you have no choice but to take a crowded subway and if so learn to live with it.

因此，你必須有面對(duì)這種情況的心理準(zhǔn)備，尤其是如果你有準(zhǔn)備在首都生活、工作和/或?qū)W習(xí)的長(zhǎng)期計(jì)劃。但有時(shí)你別無(wú)選擇，只能乘坐擁擠的地鐵，如果是這樣的話，就得學(xué)會(huì)適應(yīng)它。

John Wong?
Not only China’s public transport, but also like its 4G network etc, these benefited from the economy of scale in most part and the profit generated in the populated areas used to finance the lost making areas. That’s one part.

不僅是中國(guó)的公共交通，還有其4G網(wǎng)絡(luò)等，這些都得益于大部分地區(qū)的規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)，以及在人口密集地區(qū)創(chuàng)造的利潤(rùn)，這些利潤(rùn)用于填補(bǔ)其它地方的損失，這只是其中一部分原因。

Jack Ye?
Affordable because the price is often set by the government.

價(jià)格可以承受，票價(jià)通常由政府確定。

There are a lot of customers. Bus companies don’t have much competition anyway. As long as they are doing a good job, there is an endless, consistant stream of income.?

有很多乘客。公交公司沒有太多的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。只要他們做得好，就會(huì)有源源不斷的收入

Local governments provide some of the funds to bus companies.?

地方政府向公共汽車公司提供部分資金

Prices of train, subway tickets are set by government. There is always price cap. Air travel, however, is completely determined by the market.?

火車票、地鐵票的價(jià)格由政府決定。價(jià)格總是有上限的。然而，飛機(jī)票價(jià)格完全由市場(chǎng)決定

Felix Su?
It will be difficult. The West, especially the US pumps a huge amount of taxes into the military. China pumps it into the civilian sector like public transport. The US subsidizes the military, China subsidizes the civilian sector.

這將是困難的。西方國(guó)家，尤其是美國(guó)，把大量的稅收用在了軍事項(xiàng)目上。中國(guó)將其稅收投入民用，如公共交通。美國(guó)專注軍隊(duì)發(fā)展，中國(guó)專注民生發(fā)展。

So where will the US get the money to do what China does? Not to mention that the US can not easily build high speed rail. Just getting the land can take 5–10 years. Then there are lawsuits. You will be lucky to get land rights in 20 years. Then you have to actually build it using ridiculously expensive US contractors who are very familiar with milking government contracts.

那么，美國(guó)哪還有資金來(lái)做中國(guó)所做的事情呢？更不用說(shuō)美國(guó)建造高速鐵路也不是那么容易。光是獲得土地就需要5-10年。然后是訴訟。20年后你能獲得土地使用權(quán)就很幸運(yùn)了。然后你不得不雇傭貴得離譜的美國(guó)承包商來(lái)建造它，這些承包商對(duì)榨取政府合同的價(jià)值非常在行。

It was projected at $4 billion and to be finished in 4 years. It ended up taking 21 years and over $20 Billion dollars. It was ridiculous. This is what happens in the US.

這項(xiàng)工程預(yù)計(jì)耗資40億美元，將在4年內(nèi)完工。它最終花費(fèi)超過(guò)200億美元，建造時(shí)間是21年。這太荒謬了。這就是發(fā)生在美國(guó)的事情。

Oh, the tunnels altogether were about 3 miles. I mean if that isn’t a laugh, I won’t know what is. If that isn’t massive corruption I don’t know what is.

哦，這些隧道總共大約有3英里。我的意思是，如果這不是一個(gè)笑話，我將不知道什么是。如果這不是大規(guī)模的腐敗，我不知道還有什么是。

And it isn’t cheap. It’s like $3.50 to $5 USD for the tolls each way.

而且也不便宜，單程通行費(fèi)大概是3.5到5美元。

Ed Tsoi?
Many cities in China have population of many millions, congestion in cities like Beijing, Guangzhou and Shanghai are sometimes unbearable. In order to solve the problem, as well as decreasing pollution by cars and other reasons, public transport fares are deliberately lowered, not to memtion that the elderly have other benefits.

中國(guó)許多城市有數(shù)百萬(wàn)人口，北京、廣州和上海等城市的交通擁堵有時(shí)令人無(wú)法忍受。為了解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題，以及減少汽車污染等原因，公共交通票價(jià)被故意降低，老年人乘車在這基礎(chǔ)上還有折扣。

As the government has surplus, they treat it as public service for the general good for the society. In other countries, they have to meet costs and other expenses. I believe in Western Europe like Germany, public transport is also affordable.

由于政府擁有剩余資金，他們把這些資金用于解決民生問(wèn)題，為社會(huì)公益服務(wù)。在其他國(guó)家，他們必須支付成本和其他費(fèi)用。我相信在西歐國(guó)家，像德國(guó)，公共交通也是負(fù)擔(dān)得起的。

David Reid?
Because it is very heavily subsidised is the answer to that, and to the benefit of the whole country rather than a sext few

因?yàn)樗玫搅朔浅４罅康难a(bǔ)貼，這就是答案，而且是為了整個(gè)國(guó)家的利益，而不是少數(shù)人的利益

Yunxue Chen?
Government subsidies.

政府補(bǔ)貼。

Mass of bus lines, all metros, and all train transportation are run and managed by the government.

大量的公共汽車線路，所有的地鐵，所有的鐵路運(yùn)輸都是由政府經(jīng)營(yíng)管理的。