passage1

注解：標(biāo)題為紅色，翻譯為藍(lán)色，分析為綠色。

????????While still catching up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. “Women are particularly susceptible(易得病的，易受影響的)? to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.

????????Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones(hormones激素，荷爾蒙) somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries(ovary [動(dòng)]卵巢，[植]子房)? (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.

????????Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals((這里容易誤解成：女人會(huì)服用更多劑量的壓力的藥品,看下列詳解)), are her increased “opportunities” for stress. “It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well. It’s just that they have so much more to cope with,” says Dr. Yehuda. “Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s,” she observes, “it’s just that they’re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out(wear out精疲力盡)? from it more visibly and sooner.”

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1.a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals，如果這里是女人服用更多劑量的壓力藥，這就解釋不通，如果是服用藥的話(huà)，應(yīng)該是服用降壓藥，而不是服用升壓藥。所以這里是指女人增加的更多的壓力的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。

2.It’s not necessarily that 主語(yǔ) +don't do sth 這里翻譯成，“未必主語(yǔ)不做sth”或者“不是一定主語(yǔ)不做sth”。?

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????????Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. “I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot(一次性的，字面意思就是“一發(fā)子彈”)deals. The wear-and-tear(磨損，字面意思就是“磨損和撕裂”，wear有穿的意思，還有磨損的意思) that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating(毀滅性的，極具破壞力的).”

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1.devastating毀滅性的，極具破壞力的。也很好記：de向下+vast巨大的=隕落（向下）+龐然大物（巨大的）=龐然大物隕落=極具破壞力的，使龐然大物都能隕落。

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????????Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. “I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better.” Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. “It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”

????????Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations((法律上或道義上的)義務(wù),責(zé)任), with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.

一、文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析

本文介紹了壓力對(duì)女性健康造成的負(fù)面影響，并剖析其原因。

第一段和第二段主要說(shuō)明男女由于生理上的差異，在相同的情況下面對(duì)壓力時(shí)，女性可能更容易產(chǎn)生焦慮和沮喪；

第三段利用葉胡達(dá)醫(yī)生的研究成果說(shuō)明女性容易在壓力面前表現(xiàn)出焦慮的原因：因?yàn)樗齻兠鎸?duì)的壓力比男性要多得多；

第四段指出男女面對(duì)的壓力種類(lèi)不同：女性面臨的壓力大多來(lái)自家庭內(nèi)部且時(shí)常發(fā)生，而男性所面臨的壓力則大多是戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和具有偶然性的動(dòng)態(tài)情況；

第五段是對(duì)第四段的一個(gè)舉例說(shuō)明；

最后一段指出在壓力危及健康之前將其予以緩解的重要性。

21. Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?

[A] Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.

[B] Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.

[C] Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.

[D] Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.

21．根據(jù)前兩段可知下面哪項(xiàng)正確？

[A] 女性生理結(jié)構(gòu)決定其在壓力面前更為脆弱。

[B] 女性仍然忍受著男性施加的壓力。

[C] 在應(yīng)對(duì)壓力方面女性比男性更有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

[D] 面對(duì)壓力時(shí)女性和男性表現(xiàn)出不同的傾向。

22. Dr. Yehuda’s research suggests that women.

[A] need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress

[B] have limited capacity for tolerating stress

[C] are more capable of avoiding stress

[D] are exposed to more stress

22．耶胡達(dá)醫(yī)生的研究表明女性 。

[A] 需要額外劑量的化學(xué)物質(zhì)來(lái)處理壓力

[B] 在忍受壓力方面能力有限

[C] 更能避免壓力

[D] 遭受更多的壓力

23. According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be.

[A] domestic and temporary

[B] irregular and violent

[C] durable and frequent

[D] trivial and random

23．根據(jù)第四段，女性面臨的壓力往往是 。

[A] 家庭內(nèi)部的、臨時(shí)的

[B] 無(wú)規(guī)律的、暴力的

[C] 長(zhǎng)期的、頻繁的

[D] 瑣碎的、偶然的

24. The sentence “I lived from paycheck to paycheck.” (Line 5, Para. 5) shows that.

[A] Alvarez cared about nothing but making money

[B] Alvarez’s salary barely covered her household expenses

[C] Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs

[D] Alvarez paid practically everything by check

24．第五段第五行的句子“I lived from paycheck to paycheck”表明 。

[A] 阿爾瓦雷茲只關(guān)心賺錢(qián)

[B] 阿爾瓦雷茲的收入幾乎不能滿(mǎn)足家庭開(kāi)支

[C] 阿爾瓦雷茲通過(guò)不同的工作掙薪水

[D] 阿爾瓦雷茲幾乎都使用支票付款

25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

[A] Strain of Stress: No Way Out?

[B] Response to Stress: Gender Difference

[C] Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say?

[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress

25．下面那一項(xiàng)是本文最好的標(biāo)題？

[A] 壓力的束縛：無(wú)路可逃？

[B] 對(duì)壓力的反應(yīng)：性別差異

[C] 壓力分析：化學(xué)物質(zhì)起作用

[D] 性別不平等：壓力下的女性

二、核心詞匯與超綱詞匯

1. catch up 追上，趕上，補(bǔ)上

2. chronic a. 長(zhǎng)期的，慢性的

3. diffuse v. 散布，傳播；擴(kuò)散

4. dose n. 一次服的藥量；一份

5. expose v. 使暴露；揭示；使遭受

6. function n. 功能；效力

7. observe v. 遵守，奉行；觀察

8. one-shot a. 只發(fā)生一次的

9. sphere n.球形；天體；范圍，領(lǐng)域

10. stressed-out a. 極度焦慮的，非常緊張的

11. susceptible a. 敏感的，易受感動(dòng)的

12. wear-and-tear n. 損耗，磨損

13. wear out 磨損，用壞；精疲力竭

三、閱讀答案：A D C B D

四、全文翻譯：?

????????盡管在現(xiàn)代生活的某些方面女性仍在努力追趕男性，但至少在一個(gè)不太好的方面，女性顯得遙遙領(lǐng)先。據(jù)紐約退伍軍人管理醫(yī)院的首席精神病醫(yī)師耶胡達(dá)說(shuō)，“在面對(duì)壓力時(shí)，女性比男性更易患抑郁和焦慮癥”。

????????對(duì)動(dòng)物和人類(lèi)的研究表明：性激素以某種方式影響壓力反應(yīng)，使雌性在承受壓力時(shí)比處于同等條件下的雄性分泌更多觸發(fā)不良反應(yīng)的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。一些研究顯示，如果將承受壓力達(dá)到極限的雌鼠的卵巢(雌性生殖器官)切除，那么其體內(nèi)的化學(xué)反應(yīng)會(huì)和雄鼠相同。

????????使女性因壓力產(chǎn)生的化學(xué)物質(zhì)增多的問(wèn)題更加嚴(yán)重的是，她們承受壓力的“機(jī)會(huì)”越來(lái)越多。耶胡達(dá)醫(yī)生說(shuō)，“這未必是因?yàn)榕圆荒苷{(diào)節(jié)壓力，而只是因?yàn)樗齻兂惺艿膲毫μ唷?。耶胡達(dá)醫(yī)生還說(shuō)，“女性忍受壓力的能力甚至可能比男性更強(qiáng)，但只是由于她們應(yīng)對(duì)的事情太多以至于疲勞得更快更明顯?！?/span>

????????耶胡達(dá)醫(yī)生還注意到了兩性間的另一種差別。“我認(rèn)為女性應(yīng)對(duì)的事情通常具有長(zhǎng)期性、反復(fù)性特點(diǎn)。男性參加戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，承受戰(zhàn)斗壓力，那更多的是偶然的身體上的暴力。而女性遭受的人際間的暴力卻多發(fā)生在家庭內(nèi)部，不幸的是這種暴力來(lái)自于父母或其他家庭成員，且通常都不是一次性的。這些長(zhǎng)期的人際關(guān)系產(chǎn)生的摩擦具有很大破壞力。”

????????阿德琳·阿爾瓦雷茲 18 歲結(jié)婚并育有一子，但她卻決定要完成大學(xué)學(xué)業(yè)?！盀榱双@得大學(xué)學(xué)位我拼命努力。我的生活極其不如意，上學(xué)、取得進(jìn)步、做得更好成為我擺脫現(xiàn)實(shí)困境的途徑?！焙髞?lái)，她離了婚，成了單身母親?！罢疹櫼粋€(gè)十來(lái)歲的孩子、找工作、交房租、養(yǎng)車(chē)、還債款。為了生存，我必須不停地賺錢(qián)?！?/span>

????????并不是每一個(gè)人都像阿德琳·阿爾瓦雷茲一樣承受這種長(zhǎng)期嚴(yán)重的壓力。但是現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)的女性都承擔(dān)著許多責(zé)任，很少有放松的時(shí)候，感到身心俱疲。阿爾瓦雷茲的經(jīng)歷說(shuō)明，在壓力影響到你的健康和生活能力之前尋找途徑予以緩解是相當(dāng)重要的。