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他是丹麥“辛德勒”:南京大屠殺期間,冒險救下數(shù)萬中國人

2019-09-03 16:26 作者:中國日報  | 我要投稿

他是一個普通的丹麥青年,身高1米72,長相平平,只接受過基礎(chǔ)教育,82年前漂洋過海來到南京,在南京大屠殺期間,為2萬名中國難民提供了關(guān)鍵的庇護。

當(dāng)年的中國人贊許他“見義勇為”,稱他為“中國之友”,他的義舉逐漸成為傳奇故事。

他就是,貝恩哈爾·阿爾普·辛德貝格(Bernhard Arp Sindberg)。

辛德貝格在他的丹麥老家也許并不家喻戶曉,但在中國,這位奧胡斯人卻因在1937到1938年的南京大屠殺中救下了數(shù)以萬計的中國人而受到尊敬。

  • During the horrific Nanjing massacre, an estimated 300,000 Chinese people were tortured, maimed, raped, and murdered by occupying Japanese troops in the six weeks starting on Dec 13, 1937. The Dane from Aarhus, who was 26 at the time, succeeded in saving around 20,000 people by protecting them in a Danish cement factory in the city, where he worked as a guard.

    在當(dāng)年令人毛骨悚然的南京大屠殺期間,從1937年12月13日起到之后的六周內(nèi),大約有三十萬中國人被日軍折磨、迫害、強奸、謀殺。這位來自丹麥奧胡斯市的26歲年輕人,作為南京一所丹麥水泥廠的保安,成功救助了約2萬名中國人。


1 與中國結(jié)緣

辛德貝格天生愛冒險。第一次偷偷跑出家門時他才兩歲,后來被家人找了回來。大些后又騎著自行車跨越了大半個丹麥。

17歲時,在沒有家人的限制后,他去美國旅行了3年?;氐降満螅麉⒓恿朔▏饧鴪F,但對摩洛哥當(dāng)?shù)厝宋暮蛺毫拥沫h(huán)境感到失望。在服役十個月后,他又跑了。

  • When he was 17, he went to the United States of America for three years before returning home and joining the French Foreign Legion. But he was disappointed by the people and the harsh environment in the Moroccan desert and ran off after 10 months in service.

后來,他輾轉(zhuǎn)來到了中國,在中國的這段時間,他換了各種工作。

1934年辛德貝格來到中國后,先在上海華懋飯店(現(xiàn)在的上海和平飯店)當(dāng)了兩個月接待員,但因為脾氣火爆被炒。隨后,他在一家丹麥牛奶廠工作,也因相同原因被辭。

后來,他到一家丹麥軍備和飛機制造廠工作,主要幫南京的國民政府演示該公司的武器。

再后來,他成了一名《每日電訊報》記者的助理和司機。后來那名記者被日軍殺害,辛德貝格換到一家水泥廠工作。

  • After the correspondent’s death, Sindberg moved to Nanjing and secured a?job as a?watchman at the Jiangnan Cement Factory—China’s biggest cement facility, which used modern techniques and equipment imported from Denmark and Germany—where he was tasked with protecting equipment.

    直到1937年11月那名記者被日本侵略者殺害之后,辛德貝格來到了南京的一家水泥廠當(dāng)保安。這家水泥廠是當(dāng)時中國最大的水泥廠,使用的技術(shù)和設(shè)備都進口于丹麥和德國,他當(dāng)時主要的任務(wù)是保護設(shè)備。

連辛德貝格也沒想到,從此他的人生發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)折。這份工作讓他保護了上萬名南京市民……

  • Sindberg, together with Karl Gunther, a German engineer who also worked at the cement factory, decided to open the factory gates to the people of Nanjing. After a few days, thousands had taken refuge there.

    南京大屠殺爆發(fā)后,辛德貝格和在水泥廠工作的德國工程師卡爾·金特決定向南京人民打開水泥廠的大門,幾天后這里庇護了數(shù)千人。

  • To ward off the Japanese bombs, Sindberg painted a huge Danish flag on the roof of the cement factory and raised both the Danish flag and two German swastika flags – two nations the Japanese respected and were not at war with. The flags helped deter Japanese troops from entering.

    為了防止日軍轟炸,辛德貝格在水泥廠屋頂畫了一大面丹麥國旗,并且升起了丹麥國旗和兩面納粹黨旗——這兩面旗幟都受日軍尊重且當(dāng)時日本與丹麥和德國沒有戰(zhàn)事。這些旗幟阻止了日軍進入水泥廠。

光是保護難民不受日軍的騷擾還不夠,這些人中不少人還受了傷。辛德貝格和金特為此搭建了臨時醫(yī)院。

  • Sindberg and Gunther set up a makeshift hospital for the Chinese refugees, and repeatedly risked their lives by driving out into the occupied city to collect food, medicine and supplies from the Red Cross.

    辛德貝格和金特為中國避難者建了一所臨時醫(yī)院,并且多次冒著生命危險去城里被侵占的地區(qū)搜集食物、藥品和紅十字提供的物資。

  • The Chinese estimate that Sindberg saved at least 20,000 people during the massacre, which has been called ‘the forgotten Holocaust’. He is still revered in China for his efforts.

    中國估計辛德貝格大概在這場被稱作“被遺忘的大屠殺”中救下了至少2萬中國人。他的人道精神和無畏義舉至今仍受到中國人民的尊敬和懷念。

1938年3月,在日軍逼迫下,辛德貝格離開了南京,難民代表和流亡至滬的工廠經(jīng)理稱贊他“見義勇為”,并繡了一面條幅贈送給他,以示感謝與紀(jì)念。

在1938年離開中國后,他還來到瑞士日內(nèi)瓦等地放映證實南京大屠殺的影片,把日本軍隊在南京的暴行公之于眾。

1984年4月,辛德貝格因病在美國去世,他終身未婚死后骨灰撒入大海。


2 “丹麥英雄”回家了

為了紀(jì)念他的英雄事跡,8月31日,在丹麥奧胡斯市馬瑟里斯堡紀(jì)念公園(Marselisbourg Memorial Park),丹麥女王瑪格麗特二世(Danish?Queen Margrethe II)親自揭幕了一個3米高的辛德貝格銅像,這是南京市贈送給奧胡斯市的禮物。

這個紀(jì)念雕像由中國藝術(shù)家尚榮、傅禮成以及丹麥的萊娜·德斯門蒂克(Lene Desmentik)三人共同完成。

  • The memorial?is a gift to?Aarhus from the city of Nanjing, which wanted to honor Sindberg, who has been called the Danish Schindler and who is known as “the greatest Dane” to this day in China.

    這是南京為了紀(jì)念“丹麥的辛德勒——辛德貝格”而送給奧胡斯的禮物。辛德貝格也是中國民眾口中“最偉大的丹麥人”

丹麥女王瑪格麗特二世在雕像揭幕儀式上說道:

  • “It’s clear that Bernhard Arp Sindberg has been of great importance to Nanjing and all of China. He is a reminder that a single person can make a difference.”?

    “很明顯貝恩哈爾·阿爾普·辛德貝格對南京和整個中國都非常重要。他的義舉表明只身一人仍可以有所作為。

在紀(jì)念碑揭幕儀式上,奧胡斯市長雅各布·本斯高(Jacob Bundsgaard)說,在人類歷史上為數(shù)不多的最殘忍的一次大屠殺中,辛德貝格展現(xiàn)“很不同尋常的品格(a man of extraordinary character)”。

南京政府新聞辦主任彭振剛在揭幕儀式上說道:

  • “During the 72 years of his adventurous life, Sindberg had 106 days closely interwoven with the people of Nanjing by witnessing the darkest moment in the history of human civilization—the Nanjing massacre. In the face of catastrophe and death, Sindberg did not retreat or escape, he set up and took care of a refugee camp inJiangnan Cement Works, increasing the chance of survival for tens of thousands of Chinese.”?

    在辛德貝格72年的人生旅途中,有106個日夜與南京人民生死與共,一起經(jīng)歷了人類文明史上最黑暗的時刻——侵華日軍南京大屠殺。面對死亡,辛德貝格沒有退縮、逃避。他參與建立江南水泥廠難民區(qū),庇護了數(shù)以萬計的南京民眾。

  • He said Sindberg recorded everything he had witnessed, leaving behind “irrefutable evidence for us to remember that part of the history and giving the best interpretation of the fraternity and courage to reach out to the people in need and assist the people in distress at the risk of his own life.”

    他說辛德貝格記錄、傳播他所看到的一切,為我們今天了解、銘記這段歷史留下了鐵證。詮釋了扶危濟困、舍身相助的博愛與勇氣。


3 雕像制作

本次“辛德貝格”雕像主創(chuàng)之一,來自南京大學(xué)雕塑藝術(shù)研究所的尚榮說:

  • “During our research, the image of this legendary figure becomes increasingly clearer and more distinctive,” said Shang Rong. “There are photos of Sindberg, in his youth and old age, archived in the Memorial Hall of the Victims in Nanjing massacre by Japanese Invaders and the Nanjing Library, some are passport photos, some are from old newspaper clips. In all these photos he looked at the camera with a jolly smile, so we gather that he is a cheerful man.”

    “他是一個傳奇人物,雕塑創(chuàng)作過程中,形象也愈加清晰,浮現(xiàn)眼前?!鄙袠s說,“我們在南京大屠殺紀(jì)念館、南京圖書館里找到了多張他的照片。有護照上的,有舊報紙上的;有年輕朝氣,也有暮年垂老。但無論是什么時候,他總是以詼諧活躍的姿態(tài)笑對鏡頭。從而我們判定,他很陽光。

經(jīng)過反復(fù)推敲、錘煉、理解后,尚榮和傅禮成開始了實際創(chuàng)作,試圖塑造出一個英姿挺拔的、帥氣的,人們希望的英雄形象。

但,待基本完成后,兩個藝術(shù)家總覺得缺了點什么。

  • “The cheerfulness was absent. We tried but our perception seemed still constrained by images from the old photos. Those moments in the photos would not suffice to reflect the richness and depth of his life, and the vividness is lacking,” said Shang Rong.

    “(雕像)缺少了歡快!盡管我們努力去靠近,但因為總被歷史老照片的形象束縛著,生搬硬套,便顯得很封閉。可以說,相機定格下的這一瞬間不足以反映他的一生,更是少了人物的靈性。”尚榮說。

  • “For this purpose, we visited Aarhus, talked to the local community and observed local life, which manifests a true love of nature, health, environmental protection and sports,?etc. We believe these should be the features and spirit of Sindberg too.”

    “為此,我們兩人特意去丹麥奧胡斯走訪體驗,與當(dāng)?shù)厝藴贤?,觀察他們的生活??偨Y(jié)下來,就是熱愛自然、崇尚健康、注重環(huán)保、喜歡運動等等,所以我們想,這應(yīng)當(dāng)也是辛德貝格身上所帶有的特征與品質(zhì)吧。”

待小樣捏好后,這一次,尚榮把定稿方案發(fā)給德斯門蒂克。不出多日,德斯門蒂克給出了她的想法,即在雕塑之外添加了兩個45度角交叉疊加的空門柱。

它代表“希望之門”,是戰(zhàn)亂中守護城市和百姓的城門化身,是跨越生死、阻擋戰(zhàn)火、守衛(wèi)和平并指引希望與未來的象征。

除此之外,通過多方溝通和建議,塑像底座上還特別加入了一塊“城墻磚”設(shè)計,它是威武不屈英雄精神的象征。在南京的至暗時刻,古城墻如衛(wèi)士一般阻擋著戰(zhàn)爭與屠殺,保護著城民,每一塊城磚都是歷史的沉淀。

就這樣,在丹麥奧胡斯市馬瑟里斯堡紀(jì)念公園,辛德貝格面朝大海,張開雙臂,歡迎難民們的到來,擁抱和平,迎接著東方升起的太陽。



來源:中國日報雙語新聞(Chinadaily_Mobile)

記者:王銘潔

編輯:陳月華

實習(xí)生:姚圣琪

中國日報社歐洲分社出品


他是丹麥“辛德勒”:南京大屠殺期間,冒險救下數(shù)萬中國人的評論 (共 條)

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