紅外傷眼論的淺顯探討
。其具體論調為“有多人反饋紅外發(fā)射管式追蹤器在使用時會導致眼干”以及在該公司老款產品（現(xiàn)已下架）的淘寶介紹中寫道“有科學研究證明紅外線會導致白內障”
? 筆者在翻閱了相關權威機構的文獻后寫下這篇文章。
文獻來源：ICNIRPVisible_Infrared2013
? 在該文獻中記錄的紅外線對人眼的危險閾值為50 MJ m-2，同時只有長期暴露在高水平的紅外線輻照中才有誘發(fā)白內障的風險，且在如鋼鐵工人以及玻璃工人出現(xiàn)的紅外線誘發(fā)白內障的輻照環(huán)境是800-4000 W m-2
原文如下
In the anterior segment of the eye, opacification of
the cornea or the lens are the major effects of concern after
exposure to IRR. However, damage of the cornea is only
possible if intense radiation is focused onto the cornea. Forthe lens, chronic exposure to high levels of IRR potentially causes cataract. For exposure to intense pulsed light
sources at close proximity to the eye, thermally induced
damage of the iris is a concern (Sutter and Landau 2003;
Javey et al. 2010; Lee et al. 2011).
Threshold exposures for lenticular changes caused by
IR-A are of the order of 50 MJ mj2 (Pitts and Cullen
1981). Similar levels have been reported using an Nd:YAG
laser operating at 1064 nm (Wolbarsht 1978, 1991). The
temperature rise in the lens was estimated to be several
degrees (Scott 1988a and b). Glass and steel workers exposed in hot environments to infrared irradiances of the
order of 800Y4,000 W mj2 daily for 10Y15 y have reportedly developed lenticular opacities (Lydahl 1984).
? 該文獻還指出，”在多數(shù)情況下，發(fā)射的紅外光照對于人體健康沒有影響“以及”在某些不尋常的暴露條件下，潛在的危險
暴露的機會。例子包括：電弧焊、
在研究實驗室中使用一些弧光燈，在攝影中使用非常高的閃光燈，在紅外燈下使用的紅外燈。
在攝影中使用非常高的閃光燈，用于監(jiān)視和加熱的紅外燈，一些醫(yī)療診斷應用，甚至打印和復印。
監(jiān)視和加熱的紅外燈，一些醫(yī)療診斷應用，甚至打印和復印。過多的光線和IRR通常被過濾或擋板化，以減少不適?！?strong>
?原文如下
? “Optical radiation from artificial sources is used in a
wide variety of industrial, consumer, scientific and medical applications, and in most cases the light and infrared energy emitted is not hazardous to the general public.
However, people with certain medical conditions may be
at risk from exposures that are otherwise innocuous. In
certain unusual exposure conditions, potentially hazardous
exposures are accessible. Examples include; arc welding,
use of some arc lamps in research laboratories, very high
intensity flash lamps in photography, infrared lamps for
surveillance and heating, a number of medical diagnostic applications, and even printing and photocopying. Excessive light and IRR are typically filtered or baffled to”
在另外一篇記載了明確導致迅速的形成晶狀體白內障的文獻中則有如下表述
“調查和流行病學研究表明，在玻璃和鋼鐵行業(yè)的工人中，白內障的發(fā)病率有所增加。
玻璃和鋼鐵行業(yè)工人的白內障發(fā)病率增加。這些白內障與暴露在強烈的紅外輻射中有關
(IR)所發(fā)出的強烈紅外線。熱學模型的計算結果表明
近紅外和遠紅外會以不同的機制引起白內障。本研究調查了
近紅外的白內障形成。色素兔的眼睛被暴露在波長為808
納米的紅外線。通過裂隙燈顯微鏡評估眼睛前段的形態(tài)變化、
在紅外照射期間，觀察了眼球前房的溫度分布。
使用微膠囊熱變色液晶觀察眼球前房的溫度分布。暴露的虹膜下方出現(xiàn)皮質性白內障。
暴露在1.27W?cm-2或更高的輻照度下6分鐘的眼睛，在虹膜的暴露區(qū)域下面出現(xiàn)了皮質白內障。
監(jiān)測到的前房溫度在與虹膜暴露區(qū)相鄰的區(qū)域開始上升。
隨著紅外照射的開始，前房的監(jiān)測溫度開始在虹膜暴露區(qū)域附近增加。這些結果表明，808納米的紅外線在虹膜內被吸收并轉化為熱量。
吸收并轉化為虹膜內的熱量，然后傳導到晶狀體并產生白內障。
白內障，正如戈德曼理論所述?！?br>
原文如下
“Surveys and epidemiological studies have shown an increased prevalence of cataracts in workers in
the glass and steel industries. These cataracts are associated with exposure to intense infrared radiation
(IR) emitted from heated materials and industrial furnaces. Thermal model calculations predicted that
near and far IR would cause cataract with different mechanisms. The present study investigated
cataract formation by near IR. Eyes of pigmented rabbits were exposed to IR at a wavelength of 808
nm. Morphological changes in the anterior segment of the eye were assessed by slit-lamp microscopy,
and temperature distributions in the anterior chamber of the eye were observed during IR exposure
using microencapsulated thermochromic liquid crystals. Cortical cataract appeared below the exposed
area of the iris in eyes that had been exposed for 6 minutes to an irradiance of 1.27 W?cm-2 or higher.
The monitored temperature in the anterior chamber began to increase in the region adjacent to the
exposed area of the iris with the onset of IR exposure. These results demonstrate that 808-nm IR is
absorbed and converted to heat within the iris, which is then conducted to the lens and produce a
cataract, as Goldmann theory states.”
? 文獻鏈接 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/php.13342
? 根據上述文獻，可以知道的是對于短期導致紅外線誘導白內障需要的輻照強度是很高的，而且長期健康風險需要長期處在高輻照環(huán)境下才有可能達到。
?對于照射強度的理解，筆者用一個不恰當?shù)睦?，一流明含有的電磁波能量只?.47毫瓦，而流明的定義是“半徑為1米的單位圓球上，1平米的球冠所對應的球錐所代表的角度，其對應中截面的圓心角約65°受到一根蠟燭的光照強度。而上述文章提供的能量強度最低也有800W m-2。顯然這種等級的輻照強度不亞于用手電能發(fā)出的光照強度。由此我們就可知道“紅外線傷眼”這種論調基本上等同于不談劑量談傷害了。
