??地球的海水從何而來(lái)？科學(xué)家們一致認(rèn)為，大量的水一定是在行星吸積過(guò)程中到達(dá)的，吸積是地球和太陽(yáng)系中其他行星在 46 億年前形成的繞太陽(yáng)軌道上的物質(zhì)碰撞和粘在一起的過(guò)程。也許在猛烈轟炸期間增加了大量的體積，在此期間地球被大量彗星（其原子核主要由冰組成）和其他行星形成留下的物體撞擊。最終在地球上發(fā)現(xiàn)的水量可能與地核（最內(nèi)層）的形成有關(guān)。當(dāng)富含鐵和鎳的核心形成時(shí)，行星形成過(guò)程中的大部分水在氧化過(guò)程中被消耗，水中的氧成分被用來(lái)制造鐵和鎳的氧化物。構(gòu)成海洋的是殘留的水。也許地球最初形成后彗星攜帶的水顯著增加了剩余的數(shù)量，也許不是 0.1n，海洋在 38 億年前達(dá)到了大約現(xiàn)在的體積。但這并不意味著他們?cè)谒麄儸F(xiàn)在的地區(qū)。地質(zhì)學(xué)家唐洛估計(jì)，在 30 億年前，地球表面不到 5% 是陸地。地球的大氣層也與今天有很大不同。沒(méi)有氧氣，二氧化碳 (o2) 多 d.1 倍——可能是今天的 100 到 1,000 倍。構(gòu)成海洋的是殘留的水。也許地球最初形成后彗星攜帶的水顯著增加了剩余的數(shù)量，也許不是 0.1n，海洋在 38 億年前達(dá)到了大約現(xiàn)在的體積。但這并不意味著他們?cè)谒麄儸F(xiàn)在的地區(qū)。地質(zhì)學(xué)家唐洛估計(jì)，在 30 億年前，地球表面不到 5% 是陸地。地球的大氣層也與今天有很大不同。沒(méi)有氧氣，二氧化碳 (o2) 多 d.1 倍——可能是今天的 100 到 1,000 倍。構(gòu)成海洋的是殘留的水。也許地球最初形成后彗星攜帶的水顯著增加了剩余的數(shù)量，也許不是 0.1n，海洋在 38 億年前達(dá)到了大約現(xiàn)在的體積。但這并不意味著他們?cè)谒麄儸F(xiàn)在的地區(qū)。地質(zhì)學(xué)家唐洛估計(jì)，在 30 億年前，地球表面不到 5% 是陸地。地球的大氣層也與今天有很大不同。沒(méi)有氧氣，二氧化碳 (o2) 多 d.1 倍——可能是今天的 100 到 1,000 倍。80億年前。但這并不意味著他們?cè)谒麄儸F(xiàn)在的地區(qū)。地質(zhì)學(xué)家唐洛估計(jì)，在 30 億年前，地球表面不到 5% 是陸地。地球的大氣層也與今天有很大不同。沒(méi)有氧氣，二氧化碳 (o2) 多 d.1 倍——可能是今天的 100 到 1,000 倍。80億年前。但這并不意味著他們?cè)谒麄儸F(xiàn)在的地區(qū)。地質(zhì)學(xué)家唐洛估計(jì)，在 30 億年前，地球表面不到 5% 是陸地。地球的大氣層也與今天有很大不同。沒(méi)有氧氣，二氧化碳 (o2) 多 d.1 倍——可能是今天的 100 到 1,000 倍。

???????地球內(nèi)部由于更多的來(lái)自內(nèi)部的公共場(chǎng)所，更多的是從內(nèi)部空間中的公共場(chǎng)所和其他活動(dòng)的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，比現(xiàn)在的場(chǎng)景和場(chǎng)景的場(chǎng)景。所蘊(yùn)含的能量，現(xiàn)在要暗釋放的能量可能比現(xiàn)在少了。

???????如果地球一直是一個(gè)水世界會(huì)發(fā)生什么？全球氣溫可能會(huì)保持高位甚至升高。為了形成動(dòng)物生命，溫度必須從公認(rèn)的太古代時(shí)期（大約 4 到 25 億年前）的特征水平下降。當(dāng)太陽(yáng)變熱時(shí)全球溫度下降需要大氣中二氧化碳的急劇減少——減少溫室效應(yīng)。因此必須有一些去除二氧化碳的方法。最有效的方法是伊斯蘭國(guó)?through the formation of limestone, which uses O2 as one of its building blocks and thus removes it from the atmosphere. ut significant volumes of limestone form today only in shallow water; the most effective limestone formation occurs in depth of less than 20 feet (6 meters),In deeper water, high concentrations of dissolved O2 slow or inhibit the chemical reactions that lead to limestone formation. There is evidence of deep-water, inorganic limestone formation in very old rocks on Earth, as demonstrated by geologist Jo. Grominger and his team. These studies thow. that early Earth's ocean may have been saturated in the compounds that can produce limestone and thus could have formed solid limestone in deeper water at that time, removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as a consequence. However, Grominger points out that occurrences of carbonate rocks such as limestone during the early rchaean--roughly the first billion years of Earth's existence—are rare. nd th只是部分原因是這個(gè)時(shí)代的巖石稀有。從大氣中去除二氧化碳的核心模式——碳酸鹽巖的形成——似乎很少發(fā)生。

???????因此，要形成大量石灰?guī)r，就需要淺水，但在沒(méi)有大陸的星球上，淺水供不應(yīng)求。在地球上，大約在 2.7 到 25 億年前，大陸區(qū)域迅速增加，導(dǎo)致陸地面積從大約 5% 增加到大約 30%。更大的大陸意味著更大的淺水區(qū)域，因?yàn)榇箨懙某霈F(xiàn)創(chuàng)造了靠近大陸的淺水區(qū)域以及大型內(nèi)陸海和湖泊。?

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?Where did Earth's ocean water come from??Scientists agree that a large amount of water must have arrived during planet, accretion, which is the process of collision and sticking together of the material in orbit around the Sun by which Earth and the other planets in the solar system formed 4.6 billion years ago. Perhaps significant volumes were added during the period of heavy bombardment, during which Earth was being hit by a large number of comets (whose nuclei are composed mostly of ice) and other objects left over from the formation of the planets. The volume of water eventually found on Earth may be related to the formation of Earth's core (innermost layer). When the iron- and nickel-rich core formed, most of the water in the forming planet was consumed in oxidation processes whereby the oxygen component of water was used to make iron and nickel oxides. It is the residual water that make up the oceans. Perhaps that residual quantity was significantly enhanced by water carried by comets after Earth's initial formation, perhaps not .1n either case, the oceans reached approximately their present volume by 3.8 billion years ago. ut this does not mean they were at their present area. Geologist on Lowe has estimated that before 3 billion years ago, less than 5 percent of Earth's surface was land. Earth's atmosphere was also very different from that of today. There was no oxygen, and there was a great d.1 more carbon dioxide (o2)—perhaps 100 to 1,000 times as much as today