TTC【雙語字幕版】：西方文明的基礎(chǔ)（S02E04：文藝復(fù)興的人文主義精神）
2022-02-18 18:08 作者:HydratailNoctua | 我要投稿
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01:42
?Renaissance Humanism
- Starting in Italy, intellectuals, kings, nobles and merchants began to be interested in studying ancient Greek and Roman works on their own sake.
- Because of the Italian wealth of Venice, Genoa, Milan, Naples and Florence between 1250 and 1550, it was an urban and human phenomenon.
- The shift from heavenly objects towards individuals
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08:57
?Christian Humanism
- Some humanist scholars applied more critical scholarship and other humanist methods to more accurate translations of the Bible and early Christian texts.
e.g. Desiderius Erasmus 1469-1536
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10:21
?Paintings
- The qualities of individualism and humanity, and the portrayal of human emotions in paintings
- Self-consciousness and self-promotion of artists
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14:36
?Literature
- more about human beings and less about god and kings
- Dante Alighieri 1265-1321, the Divine Comedy
- Francesco Petrarca, "Petrarch", 1304-1374
- Giovanni Boccaccio, 1313-1375
- Pico della Mirandola, 1463-1494
- Lorenzo de' Medici, 1449-1492, patron
- In England, Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, Shakespeare, Ben Johnson
- In Spain, Don Quixote by Cervantes
- In France, Montaigne and Rabelais
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18:04
?Music
- In secular music, madrigals and motets were intended to be performed in people's homes.
- Claudio Monteverdi, 1567-1643, wrote operas based on classical stories
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19:26
?Education
- Humanist scholars advocated a reform of education, namely less theology, less abstract logic, less rote memorization of past knowledge, less narrow professionalism.
- They were more open to new ideas, learning from observations and deduction, more willing to question first principles.
- They also preferred more emphasis on history, poetry and ethics (the human application of moral principles).
- They wanted the examination and criticism of original texts.
- They wanted a practical education so that people would become good citizens.
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23:15
?The de-emphasis of God for the human and the emphasis on human concerns and capacities also threatened to degenerate into a glorification of expediency over virtue, practicality over idealism, and success over morality.
- Baldassare Castiglione 1478-1529, The Book of the Courtier
- Niccolo Machiavelli, 1469-1527, The Prince
- Erasmus
- Thomas More, 1477-1535, Utopia
- William Shakespeare, 1564-1616
- Michel de Montaigne, 1533-1592
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