passage1

注解：標(biāo)題為紅色，翻譯為藍(lán)色，分析為綠色。

? ? ? ?Few creations of big technology capture the imagination like giant dams. Perhaps it is humankind's long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the idea of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating.?But to be fascinated is also, sometimes, to be blind. Several giant dam projects threaten to do more harm than good.【第1題】

? ? ? ?The lesson from dams is that big is not always beautiful. It doesn't help that building a big, powerful dam has become a symbol of achievement for nations and people striving to assert themselves. Egypt's leadership in the Arab world was cemented by the Aswan High Dam. Turkey's bid for First World status includes the giant Ataturk Dam.

? ? ??But big dams tend not to work as intended. The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left--all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.

? ? ??And yet, the myth of controlling the waters persists.【第3題】 This week, in the heart of civilized Europe, Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube. The huge complex will probably have all the usual problems of big dams. But Slovakia is bidding for independence from the Czechs, and now needs a dam to prove itself.

? ? ? ?Meanwhile, in India, the World Bank has given the go-ahead to the even more wrong-headed Narmada Dam. And the bank has done this even though its advisors say the dam will cause hardship for the powerless and environmental destruction. The benefits are for the powerful, but they are far from guaranteed.【第2題】【the + 形容詞表一類人，

the??powerful?指有權(quán)有勢(shì)的人，故?the powerless 指平民百姓?！?/span>

? ? ? ?Proper, scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the cost and benefits of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts. Hydroelectric power and flood control and irrigation are possible without building monster dams. But when you are dealing with myths, it is hard to be either proper, or scientific. It is time that the world learned the lessons of Aswan. You don't need a dam to be saved.

【第4題】【文章反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)，不要blind，不要fascinated，可見作者對(duì)我們的建議就是修建大壩要三思而后行?！?/span>

一、文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析

? ? ? ? 這是一篇批評(píng)盲目建造水壩的文章，文章開宗明義，進(jìn)而使用了大量例子證明作者的觀點(diǎn)，挖掘了這種盲目性的內(nèi)在原因，最后進(jìn)行了總結(jié)，是一篇典型的總-分-總結(jié)構(gòu)的文章。

? ? ? ? 第一段：段首幾句話為引子，引出全文主題句（最后一句）：幾個(gè)大壩工程帶來的害處可能大于益處。

? ? ? ?第二至第五段：通過大量舉例說明人們想通過大壩控制水的神話依然存在。人們建造大壩來顯示成就、證明實(shí)力，但其效果并沒有人們預(yù)先設(shè)想的好，因?yàn)榇髩螏淼牟⒉灰欢ㄊ抢妗?/span>

? ? ? ? 第六段：呼吁人們應(yīng)該吸取歷史教訓(xùn)，不要盲目建大壩。

1.The third sentence of paragraph 1 implies that.

[A] people would be happy if they shut their eyes to reality

[B]the blind could be happier than the sighted

【the blind盲人,?the sighted看得見的人——不符合題意】

[C] over excited people tend to neglect vital things

[D]fascination makes people lose their eyesight【lose their eyesight失明——不符合題意】

1.第一段第三句的隱含意義是。

[A]人們?nèi)绻麩o視現(xiàn)實(shí)就會(huì)感到快樂

[B]盲人比有眼睛的人更幸福

[C]過于興奮的人容易忽視極為重要的事情

[D]興奮使人喪失視力

【

But to be fascinated is also, sometimes, to be blind. Several giant dam projects threaten to do more harm than good.但讓人著迷有時(shí)也就使人盲目。有幾個(gè)巨型大壩項(xiàng)目就有弊大于利的危險(xiǎn)。

這表明人在過分著迷一些事情的時(shí)候，容易忽視一些東西。

A.選項(xiàng)。人們?nèi)绻麩o視現(xiàn)實(shí)就會(huì)感到快樂。文章是說人在過分著迷一些事情的時(shí)候，容易忽視一些東西。A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

B.選項(xiàng)。盲人比有眼睛的人更幸福。文章的blind不是指盲人，而是指盲目，忽視。B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

C.選項(xiàng)?！斑^于興奮的人容易忽視極為重要的事情”等同于”人在過分著迷一些事情的時(shí)候，容易忽視一些東西。”，C選項(xiàng)正確。

D.選項(xiàng)。喪失視力。文章的blind不是指盲人，而是指盲目，忽視。D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

】

2. paragraph 5,"the powerless"probably refers to.

[A] areas short of electricity

[B] dams without power stations

[C] poor countries around India

[D] common people in the Narmada Dam area

2.第五段的詞語"the powerless"很可能是指。

[A]缺電的地區(qū)

[B]沒有建發(fā)電站的大壩

[C]印度周邊的窮國(guó)

[D]納爾馬達(dá)河大壩周圍的平民百姓

【the + 形容詞表一類人，

the??powerful?指有權(quán)有勢(shì)的人，故?the powerless 指平民百姓。

its advisors say the dam will cause hardship for the?powerless?and environmental destruction.該大壩將給平民帶來苦難，而且會(huì)破壞那里的環(huán)境。故D選項(xiàng)正確。

】

3.What is the myth concerning giant dams?

[A]They bring in more fertile soil.

[B]They help defend the country.

[C]They strengthen international ties.

[D]They have universal control of the waters.

3.關(guān)于大型水壩的神話是什么？

[A]它們帶來更肥沃的土地。

[B]它們有助于國(guó)防。

[C]它們加強(qiáng)國(guó)際關(guān)系。

[D]它們普遍能夠控制水。

【

A.選項(xiàng)。第三段，deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left--all in return for a giant reservoir of disease 大壩剝奪了埃及洪水留下的肥沃淤泥，換來了巨大的疾病庫(kù)。選項(xiàng)是帶來肥沃土地，文章是剝奪肥沃的土地。A,選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

B.選項(xiàng)。Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube.斯洛伐克人和匈牙利人在爭(zhēng)奪多瑙河上的一座大壩時(shí)，差點(diǎn)就出兵了。大壩會(huì)引發(fā)國(guó)家之間的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。故不有助于國(guó)防。B,選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

C.選項(xiàng)。Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube.斯洛伐克人和匈牙利人在爭(zhēng)奪多瑙河上的一座大壩時(shí)，差點(diǎn)就出兵了。大壩會(huì)引發(fā)國(guó)家之間的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。故不有助于國(guó)際關(guān)系。C,選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

D.選項(xiàng)。And yet, the myth of controlling the waters persists.然而，控制水域的神話依然存在。D選項(xiàng)正確。

】

4.What the author tries to suggest may best be interpreted as.

[A]"It is no use crying over spilt milk"

[B]"More haste，less speed"

[C]"Look before you leap"

[D]"He who laughs last laughs best"

4.作者想通過本文說明的道理是。

[A]覆水難收，后悔是沒用的。

[B]欲速則不達(dá)。

[C]三思而行。

[D]誰笑到最后，誰笑得最好。/看誰笑到最后。

【

根據(jù)第一段，But to be fascinated is also, sometimes, to be blind. Several giant dam projects threaten to do more harm than good.但有時(shí)，著迷也是盲目的。幾個(gè)巨型水壩項(xiàng)目可能弊大于利。也就是說建設(shè)大壩，要三思而后行。要充分考慮和權(quán)衡大壩帶來的弊。

特別根據(jù)最后一段，You don't need a dam to be saved.“我們”未必要通過大壩來拯救自己。也就是說在沒有充分克服大壩帶來的弊之前，“我們”未必要通過大壩來拯救自己。故C選項(xiàng)正確。

】

二、核心詞匯與超綱詞匯

(1)capture（v.）奪得，攻占；捕獲；（n.）捕獲，俘虜

(2)drought（n.）旱災(zāi)

(3)fascinating（a.）迷人的；fascinate（v.）迷住，強(qiáng)烈吸引

(4)strive（v.）（to）奮斗努力

(5)cement（v.）膠合；鞏固，加強(qiáng)；（n.）水泥；膠泥，膠接劑

(6)deprive（v.）（of）奪去，使喪失

(7)contention（n.）爭(zhēng)奪，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；爭(zhēng)吵，口角；contend（v.）斗爭(zhēng)，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；堅(jiān)決主張

(8)go ahead（n.）批準(zhǔn)，同意；

如：We reall ready to start the new book , as soon as we get the go ahead from the people concerned .

(9)wrongheaded（a.）錯(cuò)誤判斷的；堅(jiān)持錯(cuò)誤的，執(zhí)迷不悟的

(10)hydroelectric（a.）水電的；

hydro：前綴，表示"水"，"液體"。如：hydrobiology水生物學(xué)；hydrocooling水冷法；hydromania投水狂，自溺

三、閱讀答案：C D D C

四、全文翻譯：

? ? ? ?在重大技術(shù)所創(chuàng)造的東西中很少能像大型水壩這樣激起人們想象力的?？赡苷且?yàn)槿祟愰L(zhǎng)期遭受旱澇災(zāi)害的擺布才使得人們治理江河、供我驅(qū)策的理想如此令人癡迷。但讓人著迷有時(shí)也就使人盲目。有幾個(gè)巨型大壩項(xiàng)目就有弊大于利的危險(xiǎn)。

? ?? ??建造大壩的教訓(xùn)是：大的未必總是美的。但這個(gè)教訓(xùn)也無法阻止修建高大雄偉的大壩已成為那些力爭(zhēng)得到自我肯定的國(guó)家和人民的偉大成就的象征。(長(zhǎng)難句②)埃及由于建造了阿斯旺大壩而鞏固了在阿拉伯世界的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位。土耳其在力圖躋身第一世界的努力中也包括修建阿塔特克大壩。

? ? ? ?但大壩不會(huì)像預(yù)期的那樣產(chǎn)生效果。以阿斯旺大壩為例，它阻止了尼羅河洪水泛濫，但也使埃及失去了洪水沖擊過后留下的肥沃土壤，換回來的卻是一個(gè)疾病滋生的水庫(kù)?，F(xiàn)在這個(gè)水庫(kù)積滿了淤泥，幾乎不能發(fā)電了。

? ? ? ?不過，控制水的神話還在繼續(xù)。本周，在文明的歐洲腹地，斯洛伐克人和匈牙利人就為了多瑙河上的一處水壩引起爭(zhēng)端，差點(diǎn)動(dòng)用了軍隊(duì)。這個(gè)大型工程可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)大壩所有的常見問題。但斯洛伐克正在要求脫離捷克而獨(dú)立，現(xiàn)在它們需要建一個(gè)大壩來證明自己的實(shí)力。

? ? ? ??與此同時(shí)，世界銀行已經(jīng)貸款給印度來建造問題更多的納爾馬達(dá)大壩。盡管世界銀行的顧問指出，該大壩將給平民帶來苦難，而且會(huì)破壞那里的環(huán)境，但世界銀行依然一意孤行。大壩只會(huì)給有權(quán)有勢(shì)者帶來利益，而且這種利益也遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)得不到保障。

? ? ? ??對(duì)于水壩的影響作用、水壩控制水流的成本和收益進(jìn)行恰當(dāng)而科學(xué)的研究能夠有助于解決這些沖突。水力發(fā)電，治理洪水以及灌溉即使不建大型水壩也是可能的。但當(dāng)你相信神話時(shí)就很難做到合理或科學(xué)?，F(xiàn)在是世界吸取阿斯旺大壩教訓(xùn)的時(shí)候了。我們未必要通過大壩來拯救自己。

五、地毯式總結(jié)

capture the imagination 捕獲想象力

giant dam 巨型水壩

humankind's long suffering 人類的長(zhǎng)期苦難

at the mercy of flood and drought 任由洪水和干旱擺布

makes the idea of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating 讓迫使水域服從我們的命令的想法變得如此迷人

Several giant dam projects threaten to do more harm than good 幾個(gè)巨型水壩項(xiàng)目可能弊大于利

The lesson from dams is that big is not always beautiful. 大壩的教訓(xùn)是，大并不總是美麗的。

Egypt's leadership 埃及領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層

was cemented by the Aswan High Dam 被阿斯旺高壩加固

Turkey's bid for First World status includes the giant Ataturk Dam 土耳其爭(zhēng)取第一世界地位包括阿塔圖爾克大壩

deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left 剝奪了埃及洪水留下的肥沃淤泥

in return for a giant reservoir of disease 以換取巨大的疾病庫(kù)

so full of silt 滿是淤泥

it barely generates electricity 它幾乎不發(fā)電

And yet, the myth of controlling the waters persists 然而，控制水域的神話仍然存在

in the heart of civilized Europe 在文明歐洲的中心

just short of 就差一點(diǎn)

Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube 斯洛伐克人和匈牙利人在爭(zhēng)奪多瑙河上的一座大壩時(shí)，差點(diǎn)就出兵了

But Slovakia is bidding for independence from the Czechs 但斯洛伐克正在爭(zhēng)取脫離捷克獨(dú)立

go-ahead 著手，支持

the even more wrong-headed Narmada Dam 更錯(cuò)誤的納爾馬達(dá)大壩

hardship 困難

environmental destruction 環(huán)境破壞

Hydroelectric power and flood control and irrigation 水力發(fā)電和防洪灌溉

monster dam=giant dam 巨型水壩

You don't need a dam to be saved. “我們”未必要通過大壩來拯救自己。