{"ops":[{"insert":"海豚科中，名字沾了“虎鯨”二字的似乎都是不那么好惹的家伙，無(wú)論虎鯨本尊還是和它伯仲叔季的偽虎鯨，都是現(xiàn)存鯨類中數(shù)一數(shù)二的頂級(jí)掠食者，不僅體型與大型掠食性鯊魚(yú)相當(dāng)，還有與大白鯊、居氏鼬鯊相競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的實(shí)力，以及絲毫不遜于后兩種鯊魚(yú)的攻擊性。\n但是還有一種名字中帶有“虎鯨”二字的冷門鯨種。它雖然體型遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不如虎鯨和偽虎鯨——甚至還不到偽虎鯨體重的三分之一，但其殘暴的性情卻絲毫不輸于它的親戚。它就是這期專欄的主角——"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"侏虎鯨（"},{"attributes":{"italic":true,"bold":true},"insert":"Feresa attenuata"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"）。"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b2.sanwen.net/b_article/6e5033f6c7f6aadab04477f2503a3d848cb1a84b.jpg","width":1024,"height":344,"size":85572,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"侏虎鯨別名小虎鯨，是海豚科、領(lǐng)航鯨亞科的成員。那它到底有多“小”呢？"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"成年的侏虎鯨體長(zhǎng)一般為2.1～2.5米，體重110～170千克，雄性通常比雌性大；最大的侏虎鯨體長(zhǎng)2.7米，體重225千克。"},{"insert":"與其他的黑鯨類相比，侏虎鯨確實(shí)是一個(gè)“侏儒”。\n侏虎鯨無(wú)論是體型還是外觀上都與其近親"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"瓜頭鯨（"},{"attributes":{"italic":true,"bold":true},"insert":"Peponocephala electra"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"）"},{"insert":"高度相似，甚至棲息于同一水域，通常因此觀鯨者經(jīng)常將二者混淆。\n\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b2.sanwen.net/b_article/d6181ba9d0ada8cd549019091e3dc5cda48b7e2e.jpg","width":839,"height":873,"size":257579,"status":"loaded"}}},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"侏虎鯨的外觀"},{"insert":"：侏虎鯨外觀與瓜頭鯨、偽虎鯨較為接近，又有諸多不同之處。和瓜頭鯨、偽虎鯨一樣，它有一個(gè)圓潤(rùn)的頭部，上頜比下頜突出，前端沒(méi)有突出的喙部。與偽虎鯨相比，它的身材亨為緊湊、粗壯。它的鰭狀肢（胸鰭）是長(zhǎng)而彎曲的，末端較為圓潤(rùn)。它的高大的背鰭是鐮刀形的，形狀與普通海豚類似。尾鰭中間有缺刻，尾干（尾柄縱突）發(fā)達(dá)。身體前半部分粗壯，而后半部則較為消瘦。\n其體表一般為黑灰色或暗灰色，死后長(zhǎng)時(shí)間則變?yōu)槿碜優(yōu)楹谏?。下頜前端和上下唇是白色的，在下腹部（肛門附近）一大塊區(qū)域?yàn)榘咨Ｓ幸话瞪珟Вú幻黠@，較難觀察到）從其頭頂至背部中央向后延伸至背鰭后方，幾乎覆蓋整個(gè)背部。在它兩只胸鰭之間還有一片淡色的花紋。\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b2.sanwen.net/b_article/b1a3030b924ac12d893c5e64ec26f7c52bb7f24e.jpg","width":740,"height":835,"size":390227,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b2.sanwen.net/b_article/6e3c807032793531f19e2d54def153270b168385.jpg","width":800,"height":1205,"size":381020,"status":"loaded"}}},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"上圖1：侏虎鯨的鰭狀肢（胸鰭）。"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"上圖2：捕獲的侏虎鯨清楚的顯示其胸鰭、背鰭和尾鰭的形態(tài)，與普通海豚的相似。"},{"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b2.sanwen.net/b_article/40c6a83e02842edeb6c2e855dbbe759e88de084f.jpg","width":787,"height":1103,"size":560575,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b2.sanwen.net/b_article/2100bf9053f734ab0b517909394107c245a47a54.jpg","width":763,"height":1256,"size":601058,"status":"loaded"}}},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"上圖1：侏虎鯨的頭骨。和其他的齒鯨亞目成員一樣，它的頭骨是左右不對(duì)稱的，明顯向左偏斜。它的頭骨較為寬闊，吻部短寬。"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"上圖2：侏虎鯨的下頜骨。"},{"insert":"\n\n侏虎鯨的分布：\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b2.sanwen.net/b_article/a28886fcba55dd1890bf3e27fc763f5505d372f6.jpg","width":1053,"height":582,"size":184179,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"侏虎鯨是一種分布廣泛的遠(yuǎn)洋型鯨類，很容易在大西洋、太平洋、印度洋的暖水海洋中找到。在我國(guó)多發(fā)現(xiàn)于臺(tái)灣省。\n\n行為與生活：侏虎鯨通常由15～25只組成的群體一起活動(dòng)，一般少于50只，但也有記錄觀測(cè)到上百頭的群體。與其他的海豚一樣，它們的群體之間成員的關(guān)系較為緊密。\n人們目前對(duì)于其繁殖活動(dòng)仍然知之甚少，還不清楚它的性成熟年齡、壽命與出生時(shí)的體型，推測(cè)新生的侏虎鯨體長(zhǎng)在80cm以上，而在體長(zhǎng)超過(guò)2m時(shí)性成熟。壽命未知。\n侏虎鯨群體成員之間也時(shí)常嬉戲、追逐，并排游泳，競(jìng)相躍出水面。此外，侏虎鯨也會(huì)將頭部垂直的伸出水面。\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b2.sanwen.net/b_article/b240f3fafebda4ad6802bc06cfac08cad3462e1a.jpg","width":942,"height":580,"size":426882,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b2.sanwen.net/b_article/b9aa1b029a9da5370c1cd04296f6bb2318accfd3.jpg","width":927,"height":596,"size":365589,"status":"loaded"}}},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"上圖1：侏虎鯨在海洋館的泳池中游泳，并將頭部探出水面。"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"上圖2：同前一張圖，侏虎鯨在海洋館的水池中游泳。"},{"insert":"\n\n人們也嘗試過(guò)飼養(yǎng)侏虎鯨，但目前仍然沒(méi)有飼養(yǎng)成功。在海洋館中，它們主要吃烏賊和魚(yú)類。因?yàn)橘ⅥL的性情并不因?yàn)楸弧扒艚倍鴾p弱，相反，它們甚至?xí)u擊海洋館中的其他海豚。在人工飼養(yǎng)條件下沒(méi)有繁殖成功的記錄。\n\n侏虎鯨對(duì)于其他海豚并不友好，在野外亦是如此。在一些觀測(cè)記錄中，它們殺死并吃掉了其他種海豚，但在更多情況下它們還是以烏賊和魚(yú)類為食。侏虎鯨算是一部分小型鯨類的捕食者，但其本身也是一種小型鯨類，常論為大型鯊魚(yú)（如大白鯊）和虎鯨的獵物。\n\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b2.sanwen.net/b_article/57eedc883515c503966a6bd312a9e446567940c4.jpg","width":836,"height":1222,"size":318901,"status":"loaded"}}},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"上圖：前兩張是侏虎鯨的胎兒，后三張是被捕的成年侏虎鯨。"},{"insert":"\n\n最后，補(bǔ)充一組侏虎鯨的生態(tài)照。\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b2.sanwen.net/b_article/72de3f13e1f85fbc1cc46859795c491ff675a719.jpg","width":796,"height":404,"size":210986,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b2.sanwen.net/b_article/74e7d64e252b73e725903c069100ef2fd367ba63.jpg","width":725,"height":809,"size":331207,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b2.sanwen.net/b_article/d1028637b5084cd8e8d980a8d4f0cb31df7560b3.jpg","width":989,"height":636,"size":289114,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"\n"}]}