原文標(biāo)題：
Street names
Signs of the times
Plans to name Cambridge’s streets are following in a long tradition
街道名稱
時(shí)代的印記
劍橋街道的命名方式有著悠久的傳統(tǒng)

Memory Lane
What do street names tell you about Britain?
It is more monarchist but less sexist than you might think, and still changing
記憶巷
你可以從英國(guó)街道名稱中發(fā)現(xiàn)什么？
君主化更濃，但性別歧視更少，一直在變化

[Paragraph 1]
ENGLAND’S GROPECUNT LANES are unusual.
英格蘭的“狎褻巷”很獨(dú)特。

Not because of their name: in the earthy medieval era, streets were often named after professions—after butchers and bakers and candlewick-makers—so it is unsurprising that the supposedly oldest profession had several streets commemorating it.
并不是因?yàn)樗鼈兊拿知?dú)特：在粗俗的中世紀(jì)時(shí)代，街道通常以屠夫、面包師和燭芯制作者等職業(yè)命名。因此，用一些街道名來紀(jì)念傳說中最古老的職業(yè)，這種情況屢見不鮮。

In Oxford, it squeezed cosily between University College and Oriel; in Shrewsbury, it ran into Fish Street. In London, naturally, there were several.
在牛津，“狎褻巷”擠在大學(xué)學(xué)院和奧利爾之間；在什魯斯伯里，這條巷連接上了“魚街”。倫敦自然也有幾條“狎褻巷”。

[Paragraph 2]
But what is unusual about these streets is that they have gone.
但奇怪的是這些街道名都已經(jīng)消失了。

In Oxford, citizens now walk down the more decorous Magpie Lane; in Shrewsbury, one might still enjoy Grope Lane—but on the whole smuttier street names have vanished; Britain has been cleansed of its old-fashioned filth.
在牛津，市民們現(xiàn)在走在更高雅的“喜鵲巷”；在什魯斯伯里，人們可能仍然喜歡“亂摸巷”，但總的來說，下流的街道名稱已經(jīng)消失了；英國(guó)已經(jīng)清除了舊時(shí)的污穢用語。

[Paragraph 3]
Street names are telling.
街道名稱能說明一切。

Run your eye down a list of British streets and it quickly becomes clear that, among the Jesus Lanes and Queen’s Streets, the Trafalgar Squares and Empire Roads, lie not merely streets and alleys but ideals: a cartography of ideology and aspiration.
仔細(xì)看看一系列的英國(guó)街道名稱，如耶穌大道和皇后大道、特拉法加廣場(chǎng)和帝國(guó)大道，你很快就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)名稱不僅代表了大街小巷，還包含了理想：一門關(guān)于意識(shí)形態(tài)和抱負(fù)志向的學(xué)問。

So it is significant that Cambridge University has announced that next year it will name new streets after black alumni and abolitionists after its research found it had been “implicated in enslavement in a number of ways”.
劍橋大學(xué)宣布，明年將以黑人校友和廢奴主義者的名字命名新街道，這一舉措意義重大。因?yàn)樵摯髮W(xué)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些街道“在許多方面與奴役有關(guān)”。

[Paragraph 4]
People rarely consider street signs, says Maoz Azaryahu, professor of cultural geography at the University of Haifa, but that does not mean that they do not matter. On the contrary: “It only means that they are successful.”
海法大學(xué)文化地理學(xué)教授毛茲·阿扎里亞胡稱，人們很少看路標(biāo)，但這并不意味著名稱無關(guān)緊要。相反，“這就意味著他們成功了?！?br>
Their job is to introduce “official ideology into aspects of everyday life.”
路標(biāo)的作用就是將“官方意識(shí)形態(tài)”引入日常生活的方方面面。

That they do so subconsciously is far from a weakness. “This is their real power: that we don’t pay attention to them.”
潛意識(shí)里的影響絕不是缺點(diǎn)?！斑@是他們真正的力量：我們沒有留意的力量?！?br>
[Paragraph 5]
Politicians have long understood this. In Berlin in 1945, at the end of the war, the Russian-dominated city hall met for the first time.
政治家們?cè)缇兔靼走@一點(diǎn)。1945年，在二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束時(shí)的柏林，以俄羅斯為主的首腦們首次舉行了會(huì)議。

“The city was in ruins, bodies in the canals,” says Mr Azaryahu, yet they discussed “what to do with Nazi street names.”
阿扎里亞胡先生說：“這座城市已成廢墟，尸橫遍野”。但他們討論了“如何處理納粹街道名”。

Walk through Europe and you walk through streets whose names have been overwritten so often they are part place, part palimpsest.
當(dāng)你游覽歐洲的時(shí)候，會(huì)看到更改過的街道名，它們部分代表位置，部分含有多重意義。

In Paris, the Place Royale became a Place de la République; in Germany, Adolf Hitler Platzes spread—then vanished; in Berlin, streets ran towards the Berlin Wall with one name, and emerged on the other side with another.
在巴黎，皇家廣場(chǎng)變成了公共廣場(chǎng)；在德國(guó)，以“阿道夫·希特勒”命名的地點(diǎn)曾廣為流傳，不久就消失了；在柏林，通向柏林墻的街道是一個(gè)名稱，另一邊則出現(xiàn)了另一個(gè)名稱。

[Paragraph 6]
When academics analysed 4,932 street names in four cities (London, New York, Paris and Vienna) last year, certain national traits became clear.
去年，學(xué)者們分析了4個(gè)城市（倫敦、紐約、巴黎和維也納）的4932條街道名稱，某些民族特征變得清清楚楚。

While bohemian Parisians might stroll along Avenue Victor Hugo (artists are Paris’s most commemorated profession), London’s streets tend to toady to the monarchy and the military.
波西米亞的巴黎人可能會(huì)走在維克多·雨果大道上（藝術(shù)家是巴黎最值得紀(jì)念的職業(yè)），而倫敦的街道則傾向于迎合皇室和軍隊(duì)。

London is also inward looking: in cosmopolitan Vienna, nearly half of street signs commemorate foreigners; in insular London, only 15% do; though in melting pot New York it is merely 3%.
倫敦是向內(nèi)看的：在國(guó)際化的維也納，近50%的路標(biāo)是紀(jì)念外國(guó)人的；在狹隘的倫敦，這一比例只有15%；然而在“大熔爐”紐約，這一比例僅為3%。

[Paragraph 7]
Not all names are political. Many, like gravestones, simply commemorate what lies dead underneath: the Meadow Streets and Grove Roads.
并非所有的街道名字都有政治意圖。許多名稱，像墓碑一樣，只是為了紀(jì)念逝去的人和物：如“草甸街”和“果園路”。

Others are pure whimsy: in north London a burst of classical enthusiasm has led to residents living on Achilles Road, Ajax Road and the surely inauspicious Agamemnon Road.
其他名稱純粹是天馬行空：由于居民們熱愛古希臘羅馬文化，倫敦北部有“阿喀琉斯路”、“阿賈克斯路”和不吉利的“阿伽門農(nóng)路”。

Others were proudly imperial: Rudyard Kipling named London’s Empire Way; in south London you can pass from Khyber Road to Cabul Road or walk along Jamaica Road.
其他名稱則表現(xiàn)出了帝國(guó)自豪感：魯?shù)聛喌隆ぜ妨置藗惗氐摹暗蹏?guó)之路”；在倫敦南部，你可以穿過“開伯爾路”到“卡布爾路”，或者沿著“牙買加路”漫步。

[Paragraph 8]
But mostly what marks Britain’s streets is stasis: many of London’s street names date back to 1600. This doesn’t mean that nothing has changed.
但英國(guó)街道名稱主要代表著時(shí)間的停滯：倫敦的許多街道名可以追溯到公元1600年。但這并不意味著什么都沒變。

By the 1980s, 40% of London’s streets were being named after women—all of them, not merely a body part.
到20世紀(jì)80年代，倫敦40%的街道名與女性相關(guān)，但不僅僅是某個(gè)身體部位。

But changes tend to happen by accretion, not revolution: layer upon linguistic layer is added, each layer almost imperceptibly burying the last; an undisturbed archaeology of ideals.
但變化往往是因?yàn)榉e累的量變，而非革命劇變：添加一層又一層的語言用詞，每一層幾乎都不知不覺地覆蓋了上一層；這是未受干擾的理想考古學(xué)。

And next year in Cambridge, a new layer will be put down.
明年，劍橋?qū)⑻砑有乱粚佑迷~。
（恭喜讀完，本篇英語詞匯量687左右）
原文出自：2022年11月26日《TE》Britain版塊。

精讀筆記來源于：自由英語之路

本文翻譯整理: Irene本文編輯校對(duì): Irene
僅供個(gè)人英語學(xué)習(xí)交流使用。

（來自于網(wǎng)絡(luò)）
英國(guó)的街道名稱。在中世紀(jì)的英格蘭，道路名稱是隨著時(shí)間逐漸出現(xiàn)的，有時(shí)取名自附近的樹木或河流、道路盡頭的農(nóng)場(chǎng)或是轉(zhuǎn)角處的旅館。街道名稱也可能源自路上發(fā)生的事，“狎褻巷”便是個(gè)例子。又或許以職業(yè)命名，例如肉鋪、鐵匠鋪、市場(chǎng)；有些街道名稱來自它通往何處，例如通往倫敦的“倫敦路”，“教堂街”、“磨坊巷”、“車站路”等。

【重點(diǎn)句子】（3?個(gè)）
Their job is to introduce “official ideology into aspects of everyday life.”
路標(biāo)的作用就是將“官方意識(shí)形態(tài)”引入日常生活的方方面面。

Walk through Europe and you walk through streets whose names have been overwritten so often they are part place, part palimpsest.
當(dāng)你游覽歐洲的時(shí)候，會(huì)看到更改過的街道名，它們部分代表位置，部分含有多重意義。

But changes tend to happen by accretion, not revolution.
但變化往往是因?yàn)榉e累的量變，而非革命劇變。