Are ghost ships real

幽靈船是真的嗎

來(lái)源視頻

One foggy morning in 1884,

the British steamer "Rumney" crashed into the French ship "Frigorifique."

Seeing their ship filling with water,

the French crew climbed ?aboard the "Rumney."

But as they sailed towards ?the nearest port,

a silent form suddenly emerged from the fog:

the abandoned "Frigorifique."

在1884年一個(gè)霧蒙蒙的早晨，

英國(guó)蒸汽船羅姆尼號(hào) 撞上了法國(guó)費(fèi)格里齊號(hào)。

發(fā)現(xiàn)船艙進(jìn)水后，

法國(guó)船員迅速登上了羅姆尼號(hào)。

然而當(dāng)他們駛向最近的港口時(shí)，

被拋棄的費(fèi)格里齊號(hào)

突然從寂靜的迷霧中浮現(xiàn)出來(lái)。

It was too late to turn,

and the impact was enough ?to sink the "Rumney."

As the sailors scrambled ?into the lifeboats,

the empty "Frigorifique" sailed back into the fog,

having seemingly taken its revenge.

In reality, the French sailors had left the engines running,

and the "Frigorifique" sailed in a circle before striking the "Rumney"

and finally sinking.

當(dāng)時(shí)船已經(jīng)來(lái)不及掉頭，

而撞擊足以讓羅姆尼號(hào)沉沒(méi)。

正當(dāng)水手們匆忙爬上救生船，

空船費(fèi)格里齊號(hào)駛回迷霧中，

就好像完成了自己的復(fù)仇。

實(shí)際上，法國(guó)水手棄船時(shí) 沒(méi)有關(guān)掉發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，

因此費(fèi)格里齊號(hào)在撞上羅姆尼號(hào)之前 一直在水里做圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)，

直到沉沒(méi)。

But its story became one of the many tales of ghost ships,

unmanned vessels that apparently sail themselves.

And although they've influenced works like "Dracula"

and "Pirates of the Caribbean,"

crewless ships aren't the product of ghostly spirits,

just physics at work.

不過(guò)這個(gè)無(wú)人駕駛的船只自己航行的故事

成為了眾多幽靈船故事中的一個(gè)。

雖然這些故事給《德拉庫(kù)拉》和

《加勒比海盜》這樣的作品提供了素材，

但是無(wú)人駕駛的船只 與幽靈并沒(méi)有關(guān)系，

只不過(guò)是物理作用。

One of the most famous ghost ships was the "Mary Celeste"

found sailing the Atlantic in 1872?with no one aboard,

water in its hold,

and lifeboats missing.

The discovery of its intact cargo and a captain's log that ended abruptly

led to wild rumors and speculation.

But the real culprits ?were two scientific phenomena:

buoyancy

and fluid dynamics.

有一艘非常有名的幽靈船 瑪麗·塞勒斯特號(hào)，

在1872年被人發(fā)現(xiàn)行駛在大西洋上， 船上空無(wú)一人。

船體進(jìn)水，

救生船也不見了。

船貨保存完好， 船長(zhǎng)的航行日志卻突兀的結(jié)束，

引起了人們無(wú)限的猜想。

而造成這樣現(xiàn)象的真正原因是 兩個(gè)科學(xué)現(xiàn)象：

浮力

和流體力學(xué)。

Here's how buoyancy works.

An object placed in a liquid displaces a certain volume of fluid.

The liquid in turn exerts an upward buoyant force

equal to the weight of the fluid that's been displaced.

This phenomenon is called Archimedes's Principle.

浮力的原理如下：

一個(gè)放在液體里的物體 會(huì)排走一定體積的液體，

于是被排開的液體 施加了一個(gè)向上的浮力，

等同于這些被排開液體的重力。

這一現(xiàn)象被稱為阿基米德原理。

Objects that are less dense than water,

such as balsa wood,

icebergs,

and inflatable rafts

always float.

That's because the upward buoyant force

is always stronger than ?the downward force of gravity.

But for objects or ships to float when ?they're made of materials, like steel,

that are denser than water,

they must displace a volume of water larger than their weight.

密度小于水的物體，

比如軟木，

冰山，

充氣式小船，

可以一直漂浮在水面上。

這是因?yàn)橄蛏系母×?/p>

總是大于向下的重力。

但像輪船這些由鋼鐵等材料 制成的物體，

其密度大于水，

為了使其漂浮在水面上， 則需要排開比其本身重力更大的水量。

Normally, the water filling a ship's hull would increase its weight

and cause it to sink -

just what the "Mary Celeste's" crew feared when they abandoned ship.

But the sailors didn't account ?for fluid dynamics.

The water stopped flowing at the point of equilibrium,

when it reached ?the same level as the hull.

As it turned out, the weight of the water wasn't enough to sink the ship

and the "Mary Celeste" was found a few days later

while the unfortunate crew ?never made it to shore.

一般來(lái)說(shuō)，船體進(jìn)水， 船體的重力增加，

會(huì)導(dǎo)致沉沒(méi)，

也就是瑪麗·塞勒斯特號(hào)船員 在棄船時(shí)所擔(dān)心的。

但是船員們沒(méi)有考慮到流體力學(xué)。

當(dāng)涌入的水和外部水面齊平時(shí)，

就滿足了平衡，水也就停止流入了。

正如事實(shí)那樣，船體中水的重力 不足以讓船沉沒(méi)，

因此瑪麗·塞勒斯特號(hào) 在幾天之后被人發(fā)現(xiàn)，

而不幸的船員們卻再也沒(méi)能回到岸上。

Far stranger is the tale ?of "A. Ernest Mills,"

a schooner transporting salt,

whose crew watched it sink to ?the sea floor following a collision.

Yet four days later, it was spotted floating on the surface.

The key to the mystery lay in the ship's heavy cargo of salt.

The added weight of the water in the hull made the vessel sink,

but as the salt dissolved in the water,

the weight decreased enough

that the force of gravity ?became less than the buoyant force

and the ship floated back to the surface.

A·歐內(nèi)斯特·米爾斯號(hào)的故事更加離奇。

它是一艘運(yùn)鹽的縱帆船，

船員目睹了他們的船被撞后沉入海底。

然而四天之后， 船被發(fā)現(xiàn)漂浮在水面上。

解開這個(gè)謎團(tuán)的要點(diǎn) 在于沉重的貨物——鹽。

船體進(jìn)水重力上升導(dǎo)致沉沒(méi)，

但隨著鹽在水中溶解，

船體重量的下降

足以使得船體的重力小于浮力，

因此船又重新回到了水面。

But how do we explain the most enduring aspect of ghost ship legends:

multiple sightings of the same ships ?hundreds of miles and several years apart?

The answer lies in ocean currents,

which are like invisible rivers flowing through the ocean.

Factors, like temperature,

salinity,

wind,

gravity,

and the Coriolis effect from the Earth's rotation

create a complex system of water movement.

That applies both at the ocean's surface and deep below.

但是我們又該如何解釋 幽靈船傳說(shuō)經(jīng)久不衰的話題：

同一艘船幾年后出現(xiàn)在 相隔幾百英里的地方。

答案是洋流，

它們像是海洋中隱形的河流。

各種因素，比如溫度、

鹽度、

風(fēng)、

重力，

以及地球自傳產(chǎn)生的 科里奧利效應(yīng)

共同作用形成 一個(gè)復(fù)雜的海水流動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，

既影響著海面也影響著海底。

Sailors have always known about currents,

but their patterns weren't well known until recently.

In fact, tracking abandoned ships was how scientists determined the shape

and speed of the Atlantic Gyre,

the Gulf Stream,

and related currents in the first place.

水手們都知道洋流，

但是直到近些年來(lái) 洋流的具體模式才被人知曉。

事實(shí)上，科學(xué)家一開始是 通過(guò)追蹤被棄的船來(lái)研究

大西洋環(huán)流和墨西哥灣暖流的

速度和形狀，

并且把洋流聯(lián)系在一起的。

Beginning in 1883, the U.S. Hydrographic Office

began collecting monthly data that included navigation hazards,

like derelict ships, whose locations were reported by passing vessels.

So abandoned ships may not be moved by ghost crews or supernatural curses,

but they are a real ?and fascinating phenomenon

born through the ocean

and kept afloat by powerful, invisible, scientifically studied forces.

1883年， 美國(guó)水文局開始

每月收集包括航運(yùn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的數(shù)據(jù)，

比如荒廢船只的坐標(biāo)可以由路過(guò)的船只上報(bào)。

因此，被棄船只可不是受幽靈船員或 超自然詛咒控制才航行。

它們是真實(shí)而又迷人的現(xiàn)象，

源自海洋，

因強(qiáng)大、隱形和被科學(xué)證實(shí)過(guò)的力量 而漂浮在海洋之上。