七七 | 虛擬語氣

如果句子是真實(shí)的條件狀語從句（這個不是虛擬語氣）

主句將來時，從句現(xiàn)在是

四種從句謂語形式

1. 實(shí)義動詞
2. 系動詞
3. 情態(tài)動詞+do
4. 助動詞+do

虛擬語氣可以表示建議、責(zé)備、悔恨、遺憾、感謝、愿望、夸張

一、時態(tài)倒退1步

從句：

be動詞一般用were

• 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反：

If I were you / If I had time（一過）

• 與過去事實(shí)相反：

If you had followed my advice（過完）

• 與將來事實(shí)相反

If it snowed tomorrow / If it were to snow tomorrow / If it should snow tomorrow.（一過）

主句：

• 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反：

I might choose Latiao / I would buy Latiao.（一過）

• 與過去事實(shí)相反：

You could have made great progress.（過完）

• 與將來事實(shí)相反：

I might not go to school.（一過）

從句的動詞可以是：

1. 實(shí)義動詞
2. 系動詞
3. 情態(tài)動詞+do
4. 助動詞+do

但是主句的動詞必須是4個情態(tài)動詞

might / could / should / could

例題1：Sorry，I am too busy now. If I ____ time，I would certainly go for an outing with you.

A. have been

B. had had

C. have

D. had?

解析：主句是would do，還有時間狀語now。表示是與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反，排除AB；時態(tài)倒退一步，所以排除C。選擇D

例題2：If I _____ it with my own eyes，I wouldn't have believed it.

A. didn't see

B. weren't seeing

C. wouldn't see

D. hadn't seen?

例題3：Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she _____ there，she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often.

A. lives

B. would live

C. has lived

D. were to live?

虛擬語氣中，還有：

1. 錯綜虛擬
2. 含蓄虛擬
3. 省略倒裝虛擬

錯綜虛擬：主句和從句的時間可以不一致

e. g. ：If I had gone to bed earlier last night，I would not be sleepy now.

• 條件句與過去事實(shí)相反，用過去完成時
• 主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，用wmcs+do

例題4：If we _____ the flight yesterday，we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.

A. had caught?

B. caught

C. have caught

D. would catch

例題5：If we _______ a table earlier，we couldn't be standing here in a queue.

A. have booked

B. booked

C. book

D. had booked?

• queue：n. 隊(duì)列

含蓄虛擬：可用介詞短語或副詞代替if條件句，如：

• without：沒有…的話
• but for：要不是
• otherwise / or：否則，要不然

例題6：Without his wartime experiences，Hemingway ______ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.

A. didn't write

B. hadn't written

C. wouldn't write

D. wouldn't have written?

例題7：But for the help of my English teacher，I _____ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.

A. would not win

B. would not have won?

C. would win

D. would have won

省略倒裝虛擬：

1. 省略if
2. 把should / had / were提前
3. 其余照搬

例題8： _______ no modern telecommunications，we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.

A. Were there?

B. Had there been

C. If there are

D. If there have been

虛擬語氣中常見表達(dá)：

• I wish：我多么希望…
• if only：要是…就好啦！
• as if / as though：似乎、好像

以上三種，在對將來虛擬是只能用would do / could do

• would rather：寧愿（現(xiàn)在/將來虛擬：did / were；過去虛擬：had done）

例題9：What a sunny day！How I wish _____ on the beach enjoying the sunshine now！

A. were?

B. had been

C. would be

D. should be

例題10：If only I ______ at the party last night！But I had to prepare for the conference.

A. were

B. had been?

C. have been

D. was

例題11：It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I _____ it？

A. had done?

B. have done

C. did

D. am doing

例題12：George is going to talk about the geography of his country，but l'd rather he _____ more on its culture.

A. focused?

B. focus

C. would focus

D. had focused

例題13：I would rather you ______ her at the airport tomorrow morning.

A. will meet

B. met?

C. would meet

D. meet

虛擬語氣在寫作中怎么用

【翻譯】要是沒有老師給我們提供的支持和幫助，我們的演出不會如此成功。

lf our teacher hadn't provided support and help for us，our performance wouldn't have been so successful.

【含蓄虛擬】But for the support and help provided by our teacher，our performance wouldn't have been such a great success.

【省略倒裝虛擬】Hadn't our teacher provided support and help for us,our performance wouldn't have been so successful.