Text 1?

The occasional drought can be dealt with by recourse to reservoirs or groundwater. When droughts become prolonged and/or frequent, such alternatives dry up. As a result, some modelling suggests that at 3℃ of global warming, more than a quarter of the world’s population would be exposed to extreme drought conditions for at least one month a year.

偶發(fā)性干旱可通過調(diào)用水庫水或地下水得到解決。若遭遇長期和/或頻發(fā)性干旱，水庫水或地下水等備用水資源也會耗盡。因此，某模型顯示，在全球溫度升高3攝氏度的情況下，會有超過四分之一的全球人口遭受每年至少一個月的極端干旱氣候。

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California’s megadrought, which has affected the water supply for consumption, sanitation and irrigation as well as fueling record-breaking fires, gives a glimpse into what this could look like for large swathes of the planet, almost all of which face far higher hurdles to adaptation than one of America’s richest states (albeit one with a high number of poor people).

加利福尼亞州（California）的特大干旱已對該地區(qū)日常用水、衛(wèi)生用水以及灌溉用水的供應(yīng)造成影響，并導(dǎo)致火災(zāi)頻發(fā)，受災(zāi)規(guī)模屢破記錄。

后面一段兩個譯法：

譯法1：

加州的情況給世界上大量的其他地區(qū)提供了前車之鑒，況且加州還是美國最為富庶的州之一（雖然貧困人口數(shù)量也居高位），相比之下，世界其他地區(qū)要應(yīng)對此類干旱狀況，要面臨的困難恐怕會大得多。

譯法2：

加州作為美國數(shù)一數(shù)二的富庶之地尚且如此（雖然該州貧困人口也很多），可想而知，換做世界上任何一個地方，恐怕都難以承受這樣的旱災(zāi)。

譯法一和譯法二都有一定的語言脫殼，譯法二的脫殼程度更大，表達本土化程度也更高。

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This does not necessarily mean that every crop is at risk of heatwaves, or that the world will face a structural food shortage. Some arable land will be blessed with a useful increase in rain, and the fields farmed by Goldilocks may be spared a concomitant increase in flood risk. Temperate climates will benefit from longer growing seasons, and some crops will also benefit from higher carbon-dioxide levels, since it is the raw material of photosynthesis. Although the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimates that cereal prices might be 29% higher under 3℃ of warming, putting 183m people at additional risk of hunger, it also sees it as possible that they might hardly shift at all. (232 words)

這并不意味著高溫天氣一定會威脅到所有的農(nóng)作物生產(chǎn)，也不意味著一定會出現(xiàn)全球結(jié)構(gòu)性糧食短缺。一方面，某些耕地所獲得的降水量會增加，從而有利于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)；另一方面，降水適中的農(nóng)田也可以得濟，避免隨之而來的洪澇風(fēng)險。作物生長期延長，溫帶地區(qū)會因此受惠。因為二氧化碳是光合作用的原材料，所以升高的二氧化碳濃度又會利于某些作物增產(chǎn)。政府間氣候變遷專門委員會（IPCC）估測，在全球升溫3攝氏度的背景下，谷物價格可能提高29%，這將使1.83億人面臨更大的饑餓風(fēng)險，盡管如此，政府間氣候變遷專門委員會依然聲稱，全球糧食價格可能基本沒有什么變化。

Text 2?

The continued pursuit of economic growth by western societies is more likely on balance to reduce rather than increase social welfare. Technological innovations may offer to add to men’s material opportunities. But by increasing the risks of their obsolescence it adds also to their anxiety. Swifter means of communications have the paradoxical effect of isolating people; increased mobility has led to more hours commuting; increased automobilization to increased separation; more television to less communication. In consequence, people know less of their neighbors than ever before.

西方社會不斷追求經(jīng)濟增長，總體而言，非但不會改善社會福利水平，反而有惡化趨勢。技術(shù)創(chuàng)新或許可以豐富人們的物質(zhì)生活，但由于被淘汰的風(fēng)險加大，人們會倍加焦慮。通訊工具變得更快捷的同時，也使人與人之間變得愈發(fā)孤立。社會流動性變強了，人們的通勤時間卻變得更長。汽車數(shù)量越來越多，人與人之間卻越發(fā)彼此疏遠；電視機數(shù)量越來越多，人與人之間的交流卻越來越少。這些技術(shù)創(chuàng)新帶來的后果就是，人們對自己的左鄰右舍所知之少，已到了前所未有的地步。

Virtually every economist agrees that these concerns are valid, though many question whether economic growth is their major cause. Nevertheless, they all emphasize that pollution of air and water, noise and congestion, and the mechanization of the work process are very real and very serious problems. There is every reason for society to undertake programs that grapple with these problems. (145 word）

幾乎每個經(jīng)濟學(xué)家都認同，這些擔(dān)憂并非空穴來風(fēng)。雖然他們中有不少人都不認為經(jīng)濟增長就是罪魁禍首，但他們一致強調(diào)，空氣污染、水污染、噪音問題、交通堵塞問題以及工序機械化問題都真實存在，且十分嚴峻/都的確是很嚴重的現(xiàn)實問題。社會沒有理由不盡一切努力來解決這些問題。

Text 3

我在一本散文里看到過這樣一句話：有文化的地方，才會有美食，才配有美食。

Once I bumped into a sentence in a prose book that says, “Only a?city?with a rich intellectual?life?has and deserves gourmet food.”

有文化的地方，不能處理成cultural place, 因為cultural place可以指文化景點，如博物館，故宮一類，這些地方并不會經(jīng)營美食。

可以處理成： culturally enriched city/place, a city/place with a rich intellectual life

美食是 gourmet food; good food勉強可以，不如gourmet準確，但是考慮到問題是散文，用語可以不用那么嚴謹。

言下之意就是文化和斯文息息相關(guān)，而文化的來源就是讀書，如果一個人再有錢，要是沒文化那也是一個暴發(fā)戶而已，如果一個人有錢有文化，那么人們對其稱呼描述就不一樣了。所以，讀書對于任何人來說都很重要。

It implies that culture, which is derived from reading, has a lot to do with gentility. However rich a person is, without culture, mere a parvenu/ a nouveau riche is he/she called by others. In contrast, a rich and cultivated man is addressed and described by others in a?different way.?Therefore, reading is of great significance to everyone.

暴發(fā)戶：upstart/ parvenu / nouveau riche

息息相關(guān)：have a lot ot do / is closely combined/linked/related with/to

讀書不僅僅是為了賺錢，更重要的是為了增加智慧，提升自我修養(yǎng)，提升個人魅力，開闊眼界，增加精神能量。

It matters not only for the sake of making more money, but for acquiring wisdom, for cultivating yourself, boosting your personal charm, broadening your horizon, and making your mind stronger.

個人魅力： personal charm/ charisma?

一個有文化有靈魂的讀書人自然比一個有錢有勢的暴發(fā)戶更有氣質(zhì)，在精神層面來說，一個有文化的讀書人其精神境界更比其他人高一些，主要體現(xiàn)在其待人接物、為人處世方面。（259字）

Since a well-read person is both culturally and spiritually enriched, he/she naturally boasts of an aura much better than that of a privileged upstart.?

后邊的兩個譯法：

譯法1：

Usually, well-read people base their living on a higher plane of spiritual existence than that of average people, and this is mainly manifested in their manners of treating others and conducting themselves.?

譯法2：

In a spiritual context, a well-cultivated man is superior to others in his morals, which you can tell from his manners of treating others and conducting himself.

譯法1按原文保留了比較抽象的說法，譯法2把精神層面具體化為了“morals” 道德。?

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