紅色：主句??藍色：從句??黃色：從句連詞、關(guān)系代詞??灰色：插入語、例句、同位語??綠色：長難句分析??紫色：詞根詞綴??（）：修飾成分，包括定語、狀語等??下劃線：詞匯詞組??高亮：連詞

思考題

1. 社交媒體是否有積極應對？
2. 積累到哪些極端犯罪詞匯？

Buffalo might never have happened if online hate had been tackled (after Christchurch)

如果在基督城槍擊事件后之后解決了網(wǎng)絡仇恨問題，布法羅事件可能永遠不會發(fā)生

Social media giants Meta, Twitter and Google have done little to fight radicalisation, violating their own rules

社交媒體巨頭 Meta、Twitter 和谷歌在對抗激進化方面的不作為違反了自己的規(guī)則

• Buffalo n. （紐約州）布法羅
• tackle v. 處理，解決
• Christchurch n. （新西蘭）基督城
• radicalisation n. 激進化

radicalise v. 使激進

radical a. 激進的

Americans are facing another tragedy – this time in Buffalo – as 11 Black and two white victims were shot (in a “racially motivated hate crime”) (suspected to have been perpetrated (by a young man) who spent much of his life online, where he appears to have been radicalised.

美國人正面臨著又一場悲劇——這次是在布法羅——11名黑人和兩名白人受害者在一次“種族仇恨犯罪”中被槍殺，這起犯罪的嫌疑人是由一名在網(wǎng)上度過人生大部分時間的年輕人，他似乎在網(wǎng)上變得非常激進。

as引導伴隨狀語從句，"suspected to......a young man"是過去分詞做后置定語修飾hate crime，who引導的定語從句修飾a young man，where引導的定語狀語從句修飾online。

• motivate v. 推動，激發(fā)
• hate crime n. 仇恨犯罪
• suspect v. 懷疑，疑有
• perpetrate v. 犯（罪）

He used the same digital playbook (as the Christchurch terrorist): livestream footage of his attack and a “manifesto” that quoted the same “great replacement” and other white supremacist theories.

他使用了與基督城槍擊案恐怖分子相同的數(shù)字手段：對他的襲擊進行現(xiàn)場直播，提出了一個“宣言”，這個“宣言”引用了相同的“大替代理論”和其他白人至上主義理論。

• playbook n. 球隊戰(zhàn)術(shù)冊
• terrorist n. 恐怖分子

terrorism n. 恐怖主義

• footage n. 影片、影片片段
• manifesto n. 宣言
• quote v. 引用、引述
• replacement n. 替代
• supremacist n. 至上主義者

supremacy n. 至高無上

He mentions the Christchurch terrorist (by name) (in his manifesto).

他在宣言中提到了基督城事件恐怖分子的名字。

• by name 用名字

She asked for you by name.

她點名要找你。

段落大意：

布法羅發(fā)生了槍擊事件，是典型的仇恨犯罪，和基督城襲擊有相似之處。

(In our most recent research report (looking at anti-Muslim hate), we found that the big social media companies were collectively failing to act on 89% of posts that advocated the great replacement theory – (despite pledges (made in the wake of the Christchurch terrorist attack and subsequent, ideologically driven violent extremism attacks) (at the Tree of Life Synagogue (in Pittsburgh); (in Halle, Germany); and (in El Paso).

在最近關(guān)于反穆斯林仇恨的研究報告中，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，盡管在基督城恐怖襲擊和隨后發(fā)生在匹茲堡生命之樹猶太教堂、德國哈勒、埃爾帕索的由意識形態(tài)驅(qū)動的暴力極端主義襲擊之后，大型社交媒體公司做出了承諾，他們卻集體未能對89%的鼓吹大替代理論的帖子采取行動。

第一個括號里的內(nèi)容的地點狀語，looking at anti-Muslim hate為后置定語修飾research report。found后面是that引導的定語從句，posts后面的that引導的定語從句，定語從句嵌套在賓語從句中。despite pledges....是賓語從句中的讓步狀語，made in the wake of sth.是修飾pledges的后置定語，the Christchurch terrorist attack和subsequent, ideologically driven violent extremism attacks是由and連接的跟在in the wake of后的并列內(nèi)容，attacks后面由分號并列的三個地點狀語分別代表了發(fā)生在三個地區(qū)的襲擊事件。

• post n. 帖子
• advocate v. 提倡，支持
• pledge n. 保證，諾言
• in the wake of 隨.....之后而來
• subsequent a. 隨后
• ideologically ad. 意識形態(tài)地
• Synagogue n. 猶太教堂

These are not “l(fā)one wolf” attacks. The individuals are connected (through online communities (on social media), where they share ideas, tactics and content.

以上事件不是“孤狼式”襲擊。 這些個體通過社交媒體的線上社區(qū)聯(lián)系在一起，在那里他們分享想法、策略和內(nèi)容。

• lone wolf n. 喜歡單干的人，孤狼
• tactic n. 策略，手段

段落大意：

社交媒體平臺誒呦積極把控極端內(nèi)容，激進分子會通過社交媒體分享信息。

(In a joint statement (in 2019), Meta, Twitter and Google committed to uphold the Christchurch Call (to eliminate terrorist and violent extremist content online).

在2019年的聯(lián)合聲明中，Meta、Twitter 和谷歌承諾支持基督城呼吁，以消除網(wǎng)絡恐怖主義和暴力極端主義內(nèi)容。

• commit v. 承諾

be committed to doing/sth.

commit sb /themselves to do

• uphold v. 支持，擁護
• Christchurch Call 基督城呼吁
• eliminate v. 消除

They stated that they would be “resolute (in [their] commitment) (to ensure) [they] are doing all [they] can (to fight the hatred and extremism) that lead to terrorist violence”.

他們聲明，他們將“堅定地承諾確保他們竭盡所能去打擊會導致恐怖主義暴力的仇恨和極端主義”。

state后面的藍色部分是that引導的賓語從句，ensure后面的藍色部分是省略了that的賓語從句，最后that引導的定語從句修飾the hatred and extremism。

• resolute a. 堅決的

= determined

段落大意：

各大社交媒體巨頭曾經(jīng)承諾堅決打擊網(wǎng)絡仇恨和極端主義。

The failure of social media companies (to act sufficiently (on known racist content (connected with terrorism) is a violation of their own terms and conditions, the pledges (made to an international community) when the cameras were rolling, and the dignity that the victims of Buffalo were entitled to have – the right to life.

社交媒體公司未能充分應對已知的與恐怖主義有關(guān)的種族主義內(nèi)容，這違背了他們自己的條款，違背了他們在鏡頭前對國際社會的承諾，也違背了布法羅事件受害者應當享有的尊嚴 ——生命權(quán)。

主句是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，主干為"The failure is a violation of sth."，主句的主語是"the failure of sb to do"結(jié)構(gòu)。their own terms and conditions，the pledges，the dignity是of后面并列的介賓，說明violation的內(nèi)容。

• sufficiently ad. 充分地
• violation n. 違反
• terms and conditions 條款
• roll v. （機器）啟動，開動
• be entitled to do 有資格做某事

段落大意：

社交媒體巨頭未能遵守承諾監(jiān)管內(nèi)容，違背了多項原則。

Social media and online spaces are often where people meet, seek information and become radicalised (through a rabbit-hole of lies, hate and misinformation).

翻譯一：社交媒體和在線空間通常是人們見面、搜索信息并通過充斥著謊言、仇恨和錯誤信息的無底洞變得激進的地方。

翻譯二：人們通常通過社交媒體和線上空間相互結(jié)交、搜索信息，也會因為充斥著謊言、仇恨和虛假信息的無底洞而變得激進。

• rabbit-hole n. 兔子窩

比喻可以讓人進入到一個很美妙/很麻煩的超現(xiàn)實狀態(tài)的事物。在網(wǎng)絡語境下，一般指的是一個特別有吸引力、特別能消耗時間的話題，又被稱為“無底洞”

go down/fall down the rabbit hold

• misinformation n. （故意制造的）假消息

Those (with fringe beliefs) will be exposed to increasingly more radical content (as a result of recommendation algorithms).

由于推薦算法，那些具有極端思想的人將接觸到越來越激進的內(nèi)容。

• fringe a. 非主流的，極端的
• algorithm n. 算法

The failure of social media giants (to effectively tackle online hate and misinformation) has real-world impacts. Words can kill.

社交媒體巨頭未能有效處理網(wǎng)絡仇恨和虛假信息，這對現(xiàn)實世界產(chǎn)生了影響。 言語可以殺人。

• tackle v. 處理
• real-world a. 真實世界的

段落大意：

社交網(wǎng)絡助長激進主義和犯罪的原因。

Perhaps the only thing that explains why – despite so many pledges, so many platitudes and commitments to voluntary frameworks – the social media platforms have failed to act is because of the memo that Andrew Bosworth, now chief technical officer of Meta, wrote to his fellow employees (on their internal messaging board), (called the Ugly Truth).

為什么盡管有如此多的承諾、如此多的陳詞濫調(diào)和對自愿性框架的承諾，社交媒體平臺依然未能采取行動？唯一的解釋可能是現(xiàn)任Meta首席技術(shù)官Andrew Bosworth在公司內(nèi)部的信息欄寫給他的同事的備忘錄，這個備忘錄被稱作丑陋的真相。

紅色部分是主句，主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。that引導的定語從句修飾the only thing，explain后面是一個由why引導的賓語從句，灰色部分是賓語從句中的讓步狀語，做補充說明成分，可以先略去不看，定語從句里鉗套著賓語從句。the only thing that explains why....=the reason why....。memo后面的that引導的定語從句和過去分詞短語called the Ugly Truth都是修飾memo的定語。

• platitude n. 老生常談，陳詞濫調(diào)
• voluntary framework 自愿性框架
• memo n. 備忘錄

In it he said: “So we connect more people. That can be bad if they make it negative.

他在備忘錄中說：“所以我們把更多人聯(lián)系在了一起。 如果他們帶來了負面內(nèi)容，那可能會很糟糕。

Maybe it costs a life (by exposing someone to bullies). Maybe someone dies (in a terrorist attack (co-ordinated on our tools). And still we connect people.”

如果將某人暴露給欺凌者可能會付出生命的代價。也許有人在用我們的工具組織協(xié)調(diào)起來的一場恐怖襲擊中喪生。我們依然會將人們聯(lián)系起來?！?/p>

• bully n. 仗勢欺人者

段落大意：

以Meta為代表的科技公司盡管深知社交媒體的負面影響，仍不作為。

It is, quite simply, a bald statement (of personal indifference (to the grief (of people, families and our nations).

翻譯一：這簡直是一份個人對人民、家庭和我們國家的悲痛漠不關(guān)心的赤裸裸的聲明。

翻譯二：這份聲明赤裸裸地展現(xiàn)了他對人民、家庭和我們國家的悲痛的漠視。

• bald a. 赤裸裸的；禿頭的
• indifference n. 漠不關(guān)心
• grief n. 悲痛

段落大意：

作者對Andrew Bosworth言論的批判。

It is time for governments to act – much as they are doing (with the Online Safety Bill) (in the United Kingdom) and the Digital Services Act (in the European Union) – to increase safety, transparency and democratic accountability, and ensure that the responsibility for harm is borne (by social media companies), not just by our societies.

政府是時候采取行動了，就像他們在英國的《網(wǎng)絡安全法案》和歐盟的《數(shù)字服務法》所做的那樣，以提高安全性、透明度和民主的負責任性，并確保由此造成的損害的責任由社交媒體公司承擔，而不是僅僅由我們的社會承擔。

to do不定式表目的，and連接to increase和to ensure的并列。

• online safety bill 《網(wǎng)絡安全法》
• Digital Services Act 《數(shù)字服務法》

兩個法案：英國的Online Safety Bill《網(wǎng)絡安全法案》和歐盟的Digital Services Act《數(shù)字服務法案》，兩者的目的都是督促Meta、谷歌等科技巨頭更好地管控線上有害內(nèi)容，打造良好的網(wǎng)絡安全環(huán)境。

• accountability n. 負有責任
• bear v. 承擔

段落大意：

各國政府應該積極采取行動，督促社交媒體承擔應有的責任。

The holdout remains the US, where there is no real urgency to the debate (beyond flaccid claims) that one side or another is being “cancelled”.

拒不合作者仍然是美國，除了聲稱一方或另一方被“取消”的綿軟無力的指控外，沒有真正緊迫的辯論。

where引導的定語從句補充說明the US。

• holdout n. 拒不合作者，抵制者
• beyond prep. 除了....以外
• flaccid a. 松弛的，軟弱乏力的
• cancel culture 取消文化

指公眾人物或者公司的言論或行為引發(fā)爭議后，開始被公眾和輿論地址，其工作機會、業(yè)務、甚至網(wǎng)絡影響力「全被取消（cancelled）」，有點像國內(nèi)的失德藝人不得再發(fā)聲露面。

The grim, inevitable, reductive, partisan politicisation (of yet another important debate) has slowed progress, and yet it has become impossibly clear, (after 6 January 2021), (after pandemic misinformation claimed tens of thousands of American lives), and now, (after Buffalo), that if we leave things to social media companies, people all around the world will suffer.

一場又一場的嚴峻的、不可避免的、簡單化的、偏袒的政治化討論減緩了社交媒體管控的進度。然而在2021年1月6日（特朗普支持者沖擊國會山事件）之后，在疫情的虛假信息奪走了數(shù)十萬美國人的生命之后，以及現(xiàn)在，在布法羅事件之后，事情已經(jīng)清楚到不能再清楚了：如果我們把問題留給社交媒體公司，全世界的人都會受苦。

yet用于強調(diào)another，意為“一個又一個”“一場又一場”。句子it has become impossibly clear that....中it是形式主語，that引導的主語從句做真正的主語，黑色部分是該結(jié)構(gòu)的時間狀語，主語從句中嵌套了一個if引導的條件狀語從句。

• grim a. 令人沮喪的，嚴峻的
• reductive a. 簡單化的
• partisan a. 偏袒的
• politicisation n. 政治化

politicise/politicize v. 政治化

• claim v. 奪走

It is time for US politicians to take action.

美國政客們是時候采取行動了。

段落大意：

美國政客長期輕視網(wǎng)絡管控的重要性，但多次悲劇事件表明，行動刻不容緩。

1. 社交媒體公司是否有積極應對？

▲ Social media giants Meta, Twitter and Google have done little to fight radicalisation, violating their own rules;

▲ Meta, Twitter and Google committed to uphold the Christchurch Call to eliminate terrorist and violent extremist content online;

▲ the failure of social media companies to act sufficiently on known racist content connected with terrorism;

▲ the failure of social media giants to effectively tackle online hate and misinformation;

▲ Social media platforms have failed to act.

2. 積累到哪些極端犯罪詞匯？

各種主義

racism, terrorism, extremism, white supremacy

各種形容詞

racist, terrorist, extremist, white supremacist

犯罪

▲ hate crime, violence, terrorist attack, lone wolf attack

▲ 動詞：commit/perpetrate a crime

▲ 人：victim, suspect, terrorist