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Why are so many Chinese, Korean, and Japanese strategy games based on the Three Kingdoms period in Chinese history? What do westerners miss by not ......

老外問：為什么中國，韓國，日本出了那么多三國的策略游戲?對這一時期沒有深入了解...

評論翻譯
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://www.ltaaa.com 翻譯：燃冰 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處

Hongtao Zhang, Manchu Chinese From Tangshan.
Thanks to Koei.

這必須感謝光榮公司

There are many classic examples of warfare happened in the Three Kingdoms(TK) period. During the Sengoku period, Japanese generals used the Records of the Three Kingdoms (三國志) as a reference book of military strategy and tactics. Afterwards, the novel “Romance of the Three Kingdoms” (三國演義) was introduced into Japan, more and more average Japanese got into the swing of this period. In modern times, Japanese made a lot of strategy games based on the TK period, then China and Korea followed the fashion.

三國時期的戰(zhàn)爭有很多經(jīng)典的戰(zhàn)例。在日本戰(zhàn)國時期,日本的武將們用三國志作為一個軍事戰(zhàn)略和戰(zhàn)術(shù)的參考書。后來,小說《三國演義》被引入日本,越來越多的普通日本人被三國的“治亂興亡”吸引。近代以來，日本以三國為基礎(chǔ)制作了大量的策略游戲，隨后中國和韓國也紛紛效仿。

The representative games are KOEI's 三國志 (RTK) and 真·三國無雙 (True?TK Unrivalled) aka Dynasty Warriors. The TK Unrivalled is a game mixed strategy and action. Unlike realistic Western action games, TK Unrivalled focuses on the volume of killing. 100 kills. 1000 kills. It looks like a "kill bugs game" which is used to blow off steam (Chinese call it "Mowing Game"). And bugs are replaced by people in TK Unrivalled. Besides the TK Unrivalled, there are many other Unrivalled Games/Mowing Games. Unrivalled has became a byword for great killing.

代表游戲是日本光榮公司的三國志(RTK)和真·三國無雙。真三國無雙是一款混合了策略和動作的游戲。不像現(xiàn)實系的西方動作游戲，三國無雙的專注于殺戮的數(shù)量。百殺，千殺。它看起來像一個用來發(fā)泄怒氣的“滅蟲游戲”(中國人稱之為“割草游戲”)。在三國無雙中，蟲子被人所取代。除了三國無雙，還有許多其他無雙游戲/割草游戲。無雙已成為海量殺戮的代名詞。

By AD 263, there are 4.43 million of people lived in Wei Dynasty.

到公元263年，魏國有443萬人。

By AD 263, there are 0.94 million of people lived in Shu Dynasty.

到公元263年，有94萬人生活在蜀國。

AD 247~280 , there are 2.3 million of people live in WU Dynasty.

公元247~280年，吳國有230萬人。

Wei + Shu + Wu = 7.67 million, amount to 14 percent of the population of Han.

魏+蜀+吳= 767萬，占原漢朝總?cè)丝诘?4%。

Once, a Chinese ask "Why does RTK look like less cruel than the Song of Ice and Fire". In fact RTK is more cruel ten times, but we pay too much attention on the strategy and heroes. About the Three Kingdoms period, there also are calamities and great perseverance people showed in the face of calamities.

曾有一個中國人問:“為什么三國看起來沒有《冰與火之歌》那么殘酷?”其實三國要殘忍十倍，但是我們太關(guān)注計謀和英雄了。大約在苦難重重的三國時期，人們在災(zāi)禍面前也極具堅韌不拔的精神。

All in all, There are a lot of things worthy of profound thinking about the Three Kingdoms period. Why did people under the same sky fight and kill each others? How do we avoid wiping out all of ourselves? The matter deserves our human beings' deep thinking. Deep deep thinking.

總之，三國時期有很多值得我們深思的事情。為什么在同一片天空下的人們會互相殘殺?我們?nèi)绾伪苊鈿缱约?這件事值得我們?nèi)祟惿钏?。深深的思考?br/>
Kaiser Kuo, Dabbler in history
What makes the Three Kingdoms such a compelling setting for strategy games is that

《三國演義》之所以成為戰(zhàn)略游戲的如此引人注目的背景，原因就在于以下幾點

4.The Three Kingdoms stories are very popular in other parts of Northeast Asia and have long been. Especially in Japan, Sankokusi (《三國志》) is much beloved and numerous animated adaptations of the stories have been made.

《三國演義》在東北亞其他地區(qū)很受歡迎，而且歷史悠久。尤其是在日本,Sankokusi(三國志)受到喜愛的，其故事被動漫多次改編。

As to what westerners (or anyone for that matter) might be missing by not having a deep understanding of the period, I would submit that they miss the touchstone for a great deal of Chinese strategic thinking. I believe Three Kingdoms (both the historical record and the romance) are every bit as important to the Chinese approach to organization, to contest for power, and to management of talent as the better-known Art of War. The characters in the writings on the period, and in the popular iterations (operas, oral traditional stories) represent a huge range personality types that one still recognizes in China today. The choices and dilemmas that leaders of the various key factions confront, the challenges of recruiting and deploying men of talent, the subterfuges that they use to undermine loyalty of key personnel of enemy camps, the psychology deployed in assessing the strengths and weaknesses of rivals for power—all of this retains a high degree of salience today.?

至于西方人(或任何人)對這段時期沒有深入了解，可能會錯過什么，我認(rèn)為他們錯過了中國許多戰(zhàn)略思維的檢驗。我相信三國(包括三國志和演義)對于中國人的組織方式、權(quán)力斗爭和人才管理都和著名的《孫子兵法》一樣重要。這一時期的作品中的人物，以及流傳的版本(戲劇、口頭傳說)中的人物，代表了一種廣泛的人格類型，直到今天，人們?nèi)匀徽J(rèn)識到這種類型。面對不同關(guān)鍵派系時領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的困境和抉擇,招聘和人才部署的挑戰(zhàn),對敵對陣營關(guān)鍵人員的挖角的詭計,心理上對競爭對手的優(yōu)點和缺點的評估，這些如今的商場上的中國人都有顯著地繼承。

I remember in the 1980s visiting a major Silicon Valley based maker of disk drive controllers and being told by their Chinese-American CEO that Monday morning management meeting involved close discussion of chapters of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms.

我記得上世紀(jì)80年代，我拜訪了一家總部位于硅谷的大型磁盤驅(qū)動器制造商，他們的美籍華人CEO告訴我，周一上午的管理層會議涉及到對《三國演義》回目的深入討論。

Can Zhang, Student of History
Not all that much.

并不是那么多。

I’ll be honest, the three kingdoms period is a time of war and intrigue, but the popular narrative of it is almost boringly like King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table. The only problem King Arthur had was that his enemies were all either supernatural or dumpster fires and his Knights tend to go on and then lose their lives to stupid quests and women. But imagine King Arthur with his knights actually doing nothing but fighting wars, and you have a pretty good comparison to the Three Kingdoms novel. Massive armies might clash in the background, but the storyline (and thus the tide) were always decided by the bravery and prowess of a few generals (the rough Chinese equivalent of Knights of the Round Table), and the genius of Zhuge Liang, who might as well be Merlin with his ability to manipulate the field of battle to his advantage. Ultimately, it’s the same old stuff - mighty warriors doing mighty warrior things and ending in tragedy.

說實話，三國時期是一個充滿戰(zhàn)爭和陰謀詭計的時期，但它的通俗故事幾乎像亞瑟王和圓桌騎士一樣乏味。亞瑟王唯一的問題是，他的敵人要么是超自然力量，要么是絕境，他的騎士們往往會繼續(xù)戰(zhàn)斗，然后死于愚蠢的任務(wù)和女人。但是想象一下亞瑟王和他的騎士們除了打仗什么都不做，你可以把它和三國演義做一個很好的比較。大規(guī)模的軍隊可能沖突的背景,但故事走向總是取決于少數(shù)將領(lǐng)的武勇(大致相當(dāng)于中國版的圓桌騎士),和諸葛亮的天才,他像梅林一樣利用自己的能力扭轉(zhuǎn)戰(zhàn)局。最終，一切都是老一套——強大的戰(zhàn)士做著強大的戰(zhàn)士的事情，卻以悲劇告終。

As for why strategy games focus on that period? Laziness, just like almost all western high fantasy games are based on Tolkien and/or Dungeons and Dragons. People like it when their settings are fascinating but not too foreign.

至于為什么策略游戲會關(guān)注這段時期?懶（的去自創(chuàng)設(shè)定），就像幾乎所有西方主流奇幻游戲都是基于托爾金或者龍與地下城。人們喜歡它們吸引人的同時又不太陌生的故事。

Kinton J. Green, a logical imperial sinologist
Not only is the Three Kingdoms period one of the most accurately and well-recorded periods in Ancient China, but it is also the one which received the most attention from anyone attempting to legitimise the claim of their empire before China’s next reunification following the fall of the Jin Dynasty.

不僅因為三國是古代中國記載最精確完善的時期之一,也因為在晉朝滅亡以后中國下一次統(tǒng)一前所有軍閥都試圖以此證明其“得國之正”。

And there's a luck factor at play as well. Caesar wrote an animated account of his war in Gaul, Octavius, as the final victor if the conflict, could afford to immortalized his stories. And the Three Kingdoms period was romanticized in the work of Luo Guanzhong.

這其中也有運氣的因素。凱撒生動地描述了他在高盧的戰(zhàn)爭，屋大維，作為這場戰(zhàn)爭的最后勝利者，他的故事可以永垂不朽。三國則在羅貫中的筆下被演義化。

So, these are cases of super-star effects: already popular materials will continue to be made popular thanks to their initial advantage of being widely-known to start with.

所以，這些都是巨星效應(yīng)的例子:已經(jīng)流行的材料將繼續(xù)流行，因為它們最初的優(yōu)勢是眾所周知的開始。

Jay Kim, studied at University of Waterloo
Not really an answer but something I'd like to point out.

這不是回答但我想指出的是

Some of these answers (and perhaps the question) seem to assume Three Kingdoms in China and Korea refer to the same thing. They seem to be separate, independent periods in history. I don't know about Japan though.

其中一些回答(或許還有這個問題)似乎假定中國和韓國三國指的是同一件事。它們似乎是歷史上不同的，獨立的兩個時期。不過日本的情況我就不清楚了。

Three Kingdoms in China involved Wei, Shu, and Wu.?
Three Kingdoms in Korea involved Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla

中國的三國包括魏國、蜀國和吳國。朝鮮的三國包括高句麗、百濟(jì)和新羅

Unfortunately they're both called the Three Kingdoms Period.

不幸的是它們都被叫做三國