回顧問題不定期更新 Study Questions are Made by Prof. Cruz & Prof. Moore from Oberlin College & Conservatory?

Lecture 3: Enzymes

1. Describe the major differences between

a) allosteric site, active site

b) catabolic enzyme, anabolic enzyme

c) endergonic, exergonic

d) lactase, lactose synthase

e) allosteric inhibitor, allosteric activator

f) catalysis, synthesis

g) denaturation, chemical digestion

2. Explain to a classmate what ‘a(chǎn)ctivation energy’ means. Why is there a requirement to ‘a(chǎn)ctivate’ the reactants of a reaction?

3. Using simple figures (line drawings), sketch the steps involved in breaking down sucrose (a 2- part sugar composed of one glucose and one fructose molecules) using the enzyme sucrase. Using your diagram, be able to explain “conformational change”.

4. Why is the activation energy required for endergonic reaction typically larger than for an exergonic reaction?

5. What advantages accrue from enzymes working together, relay-fashion? Compare with just one enzyme working by itself.

6. What is feedback inhibition? Why is this an important adaptation for a living cell?

7. Vitamin C is known as the anti-scurvy vitamin. It is a well-known allosteric activator of certain enzymes required in the synthesis of proteins that comprise our connective tissues. (Scurvy is a condition in which gums bleed easily, due to the poor condition of connective tissues that adhere teeth to gums.) Knowing this, and how allosteric inhibitors work, explain how Vitamin C promotes healthy gums.

8. How is it that pH can change the activity of an enzyme?

9. How is it that temperature can change the activity of an enzyme?

10. Enzymes are substrate-specific. Describe the physical characteristics of an enzyme molecule that explains this substrate specificity.

11. An exergonic reaction releases “free energy” into “the system.” What does that expression really mean, in plain English?

12. An enzyme is typically substrate-specific. Wouldn’t it be advantageous if an enzyme were multi-substrate instead; i.e., one enzyme can mediate different reactions? Why or why not??

13. Why is negative feedback inhibition considered an “elegant” and “economical” way to manage a series of anabolic catalytic reactions?

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作者：離久-張所長