• 引入

起源：Auguste Comte,1800s,French philosopher.

他希望有: a systematic science for studying society; a way to investigate and solve basic problems.

然而,

現(xiàn)代社會學定義：the scientific study of society and human behavior

社會：a group of people who share a culture and a territory.

文化大可包容萬象，小可細致入微。例如，個人的音樂取向與其race class neighborhood age experience school等有關(guān)。

• 社會學(broadest)∈社會科學

社會學區(qū)別于其他社會科學在于：looking for all kinds of patterns, at all aspacts of society(recurring characteristics/event)

特別是“sociological perspective”:

1.seeing the general in the particular.(by placing it in its wider social context)

2.seeing the strange in the familiar.(by thinking out of common sense)

"Common sense gets us through the world; but sociology knows what's ture."(常識可能有毒導致政策錯誤，社會學理性探究社會問題)

以上幫助我們看到以下問題(社會學中一些關(guān)鍵概念)：

1.social location----社會定位能影響個人抉擇、學識、他人對己看法

[會助長社會邊緣化 ↓]

2.marginalization：occupies a position outside the centers of power.

----常是racial，ethical，sexual，religious minorities，傾向更了解權(quán)力的運作 (因為被限制所以能感受到權(quán)力的界限)

[讓我們注意到不平等這個事實]

3.power and inequality

• To sum up:

sociology的

背景：最初產(chǎn)生于18、19th經(jīng)濟政治社會massive upheaval的歐洲; the period saw the advent of mass democracy, the fall of kings, and the rise of the nation-state.

目的：understanding society、fixing social problems