Journal Scan: High-frequency sounds can lead to seizures in some older cats

期刊掃描：高頻聲音會導(dǎo)致一些老年貓抽搐發(fā)作

July 29, 2015

Avi Blake, DVM

原文網(wǎng)址

https://www.dvm360.com/view/journal-scan-high-frequency-sounds-can-lead-seizures-some-older-cats

Why they did it

他們?yōu)槭裁醋鲞@個研究

Researchers in the United Kingdom, aware of the occurrence of seizures induced in cats exposed to sounds at certain frequencies, sought to characterize feline audiogenic reflex seizures (FARS) in order to provide veterinarians a description of this previously unreported syndrome.

英國的研究人員意識到暴露于特定頻率聲音的貓會引起抽搐發(fā)作，他們試圖描述貓的聽源性反射性抽搐發(fā)作(FARS)的特征，以便為獸醫(yī)提供這種以前未報(bào)道的綜合征的描述。

What they did it

他們做了什么

Cases of suspected FARS were solicited from primary veterinarians and owners through print media, the Internet and the radio. Cat pedigrees, medical histories and cheek swab DNA samples were collected. A detailed online questionnaire was made available to those owners whose cats met the inclusion criteria after an email or a telephone interview. A full medical history and, in many cases, video recordings of episodes were also reviewed.

通過印刷媒體、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和廣播向初級獸醫(yī)和寵主征集疑似FARS病例。

收集了貓的血統(tǒng)、病史和口腔拭子DNA樣本。

通過電子郵件或電話采訪，符合入選標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的貓的主人可以獲得一份詳細(xì)的在線調(diào)查問卷。

還審查了完整的病史，在許多情況下，還審查了發(fā)作的錄像視頻。

The questionnaire contained several sections collecting information on signalment, precipitating factors, the cat's overall health and any relevant therapies or medications. It also asked for detailed descriptions of the episodes. The questionnaire was designed to avoid leading owners to make conclusions or to provide “expected answers.”

調(diào)查問卷包含多個部分，
收集有關(guān)動物特征、誘發(fā)因素、貓的整體健康狀況以及任何相關(guān)療法或藥物的信息。

它還要求提供發(fā)作時的詳細(xì)描述。

問卷的設(shè)計(jì)是為了避免引導(dǎo)寵主得出結(jié)論或提供“預(yù)期答案”。

For inclusion in the study, the cats had to have suffered three or more generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCSs) precipitated by the same sound and lasting less than five minutes for a minimum one-year history. Other types of episodes such as myoclonic seizures or jerks and absence seizures were described separately on the questionnaire. A total of 96 cats met the criteria and were included in the study.

為了納入研究，
貓必須曾經(jīng)經(jīng)歷過三次或更多次的全身性強(qiáng)直陣攣發(fā)作(GTCS)，
由相同的聲音引起，持續(xù)時間少于5分鐘，至少一年時期內(nèi)。

其他類型的發(fā)作如肌陣攣性發(fā)作或抽搐和失神性發(fā)作分別在問卷上描述。

共有96例貓符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)并被納入研究。

What they found

他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么

The mean age for seizure onset in this cohort was 15, with a fairly even distribution of males and females. Many breeds were represented, but Birman cats were most common (n=30). The noise stimulus for all cats was high-pitched, and audiogenic kindling-repeated sound stimulation resulting in progression from myoclonic seizures to GTCS-was observed in most of the subjects. The seizure episodes occurred an average of once every three to six months, and of the cats in which diagnostics were pursued, no cause for the seizures was found.

該隊(duì)列中抽搐發(fā)作起病的平均年齡為15歲，雄性和雌性的分布相當(dāng)均勻。

許多品種都好發(fā)，但伯曼貓（Birman cats）是最常見的（n=30)。

所有貓的噪音刺激都是高音調(diào)的，
并且在大多數(shù)受試者中觀察到聽源性點(diǎn)燃-重復(fù)的聲音刺激導(dǎo)致從肌陣攣性抽搐發(fā)作到GTCS的演變。

抽搐發(fā)作平均每三到六個月發(fā)生一次，
在進(jìn)行過診斷的貓中，沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)抽搐發(fā)作的原因。

Some of the more common sounds that induced FARS episodes in affected cats were

在受影響的貓中引起FARS偶發(fā)性發(fā)作的一些更常見的聲音是

• Crinkling tin foil (n=82)

  起皺錫紙的聲音?(n=82)

• Dropping a metal spoon into a ceramic bowl (n=79)

  將金屬勺子掉入陶瓷碗中的聲音 (n=79)

• Clinking or tapping a glass (n=72)

  碰杯或輕敲杯子?(n=72)

• Crinkling paper or plastic bags (n=71)

  起皺的紙或塑料袋的聲音 (n=71)

• Typing on a computer keyboard or clicking a mouse (n=61)

  在電腦鍵盤上打字或點(diǎn)擊鼠標(biāo)的聲音?(n=61)

Many of the cats had concurrent disease, the most common being chronic renal disease and hyperthyroidism. None of the cats included in the study demonstrated progression of the seizure disorder. Interestingly, 50% of the cats were described as having hearing loss or deafness. Forty-four cats received antiseizure medication-phenobarbital or levetiracetam-to control their seizures, but only levetiracetam resulted in good control of both the myoclonic seizures and GTCSs.

許多貓同時患有疾病，最常見的是慢性腎病和甲狀腺功能亢進(jìn)。

研究中沒有一例貓表現(xiàn)出抽搐發(fā)作性疾病的漸進(jìn)性發(fā)展。

有趣的是，50%的貓被描述存在聽力喪失或耳聾。

44例貓服用了抗癲癇藥物——苯巴比妥或左乙拉西坦來控制它們的抽搐發(fā)作，但只有左乙拉西坦對肌陣攣性抽搐發(fā)作和GTCS都有很好的控制。

Take-home message

要點(diǎn)

FARS is newly defined nonprogressive clinical syndrome affecting geriatric cats characterized by myoclonic seizures and GTCSs triggered by high-pitched sounds, often with persistence of the sound serving to increase the severity of the seizure episode. Levetiracetam appears to be more effective than phenobarbital in controlling both the myoclonic seizures and GTCSs associated with FARS. Birman cats were overrepresented in this study, suggesting a breed predilection and genetic basis for the disorder. Hearing loss or deafness reported in many of these cats may not indicate damage to the area of the cochlea associated with higher frequency hearing, providing an explanation for how FARS occurs in cats with apparent hearing impairment or deafness.

FARS是一種新定義的影響老年貓的非漸進(jìn)性臨床綜合征，
其特征是由高音調(diào)聲音引發(fā)的肌陣攣性抽搐發(fā)作和GTCS，
通常持續(xù)的聲音會增加抽搐發(fā)作的嚴(yán)重程度。

在控制與FARS相關(guān)的肌陣攣性發(fā)作和GTCS方面， 左乙拉西坦似乎比苯巴比妥更有效。

在這項(xiàng)研究中，伯曼貓的比例過高，這表明了這種疾病的品種偏好和遺傳基礎(chǔ)。

其中許多貓的聽力損失或耳聾可能并不表明與高頻聽力相關(guān)的耳蝸區(qū)域受損，
這就解釋了FARS是如何發(fā)生在有明顯聽力障礙或耳聾的貓身上的。

Lowrie M, Bessant C, Harey RJ, et al. Audiogenic reflex seizures in cats.?J Feline Med Surg?2015;epub ahead of print.

Link to abstract:?

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25916687

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