TED演講者：Isabelle Boemeke / 伊莎貝爾·柏梅克

演講標(biāo)題：Nuclear power is our best hope to ditch fossil fuels / 核能是我們拋棄化石燃料的最大希望

內(nèi)容概要：Nuclear power is one of the safest, cleanest forms of energy -- yet to most people, it might not feel that way. Why is that? Isabelle Boemeke, the world's first nuclear energy influencer and creator of the social media persona Isodope, deftly debunks the major objections to nuclear power and explains her unconventional way of educating people about this clean energy source.

核能是最安全、最清潔的能源之一。然而，大多數(shù)人卻并不這么認(rèn)為。原因何在呢？伊莎貝爾·柏梅克（Isabelle Boemeke）是世界上第一個(gè)力推核能的網(wǎng)紅，是社交媒體虛擬人物 Isodope 的創(chuàng)造者。本演講中，她巧妙地駁斥了反對(duì)核能的幾大觀點(diǎn)，并解釋了自己所采用的非傳統(tǒng)教育方式，以向公眾傳授關(guān)于核能這一清潔能源的知識(shí)。

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【1】My life completely changed with one tweet.

我的生活因?yàn)橐粭l推特 而徹底改變。

【2】This was back in 2015 when Twitter was mostly a place we went to see what Kanye was mad about.

這事要追溯到 2015 年。 當(dāng)時(shí),我們?yōu)g覽 Twitter 就是去看看 坎爺 (Kanye West) 又在發(fā)什么瘋。

【3】But then I saw it.

然后,我看到了那條推特。

【4】A tweet by a scientist I deeply admire, Dr. Carolyn Porco.

發(fā)這條推特的是 我非常敬仰的一名科學(xué)家, 卡羅琳·波爾科 (Carolyn Porco) 博士。

【5】Wait, I thought nuclear energy was bad.

不是,我當(dāng)時(shí)以為 核能是不好的。

【6】Yet here is a scientist and a TED speaker making it sound good.

但是,身為科學(xué)家 和 TED 講者的卡羅琳 卻在說(shuō)核能的好處。

【7】It sent me on a journey, I spent years reading papers, talking to scientists, and I always asked them the same question:

由此開(kāi)啟了我 閱讀相關(guān)論文 和與科學(xué)家對(duì)話(huà)的旅程。 對(duì)話(huà)中,我總會(huì)問(wèn)的 一個(gè)問(wèn)題就是:

【8】What do you think about nuclear power?

你是怎么看核能的？

【9】Their responses were shockingly similar.

而他們的回應(yīng) 也總是驚人地相似。

【10】It's good.

核能很好。

【11】We need it.

我們需要它。

【12】People hate it.

但大眾卻討厭它。

【13】In the last seven years, I've seen climate change go from being a scary thing of the future to being a scary thing of the present.

在過(guò)去的 7 年里, 我親眼目睹了氣候變化 這件可怕的事 從遠(yuǎn)在天邊 變得近在眼前。

【14】My wake-up call came after seeing the fires ravage the world in California, in Australia and in my home country of Brazil.

那敲醒我的當(dāng)頭一棒 就是肆虐全球的山火, 加利佛尼亞州、澳大利亞, 以及我的家鄉(xiāng)巴西 都無(wú)一幸免。

【15】I decided I wanted to turn my growing sense of anger and despair into something helpful and productive.

我決定要將自己 日益積攢的憤怒和絕望 轉(zhuǎn)化為一點(diǎn)實(shí)用 和高效的東西。

【16】So I had an unusual idea: I should be a nuclear energy influencer.

于是乎我有了一個(gè) 不尋常的想法: 我應(yīng)該成為一個(gè) 推廣核能的網(wǎng)紅。

【17】I wanted to make nuclear energy cool.

我想讓核能看起來(lái)很酷。

【18】Inspired by internet culture, I created a digital version of me and called her Isodope.

我在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)文化的影響之下, 創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)數(shù)字身份, 叫 Isodope。

【19】(Laughter) She's sassy, a little weird, but she always tells the truth.

（笑聲） 她自信中帶著點(diǎn)無(wú)理, 還有點(diǎn)怪異, 但她總是講真話(huà)。

【20】And here, you can see her in action.

下面就讓我們看看 她的表演。

【21】(Video) Hey, guys, a lot of you asked about my make-up routine.

（視頻）嗨,大家好, 很多人想知道我的化妝步驟。

【22】The most important thing is to wash your face really well, because we want those pores as clean as we want our electricity.

最重要的就是 臉一定要洗干凈, 因?yàn)槲覀円_保毛孔 和我們的電力一樣清潔。

【23】And the best way to get that is to use this cleanser called -- stop shutting down nuclear plants, for Christ's sake.

其產(chǎn)出的可是零碳排、 零排污、零污染的“清潔”電能。

【24】It's carbon-free, emission-free, pollution-free electricity.

潔面后,我用的是這款 純植物提取精華,

【25】Then I use this plant-based serum called -- when a nuclear plant is shut down, it is replaced by fossil fuels.

叫做“核電廠（詞同‘植物’）關(guān)閉后, 取而代之的是化石燃料。

【26】That's bad.

這很糟糕?！?/p>

【27】(Applause and cheers) Isodope is like a dealer of good memes.

（掌聲和歡呼聲） Isodope 就像是一個(gè) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)梗圖經(jīng)銷(xiāo)商。

【28】When I say meme, you probably think of something like this.

當(dāng)我說(shuō)道網(wǎng)絡(luò)梗圖時(shí), 你想到的可能是這個(gè)。

【29】(Laughter) What I mean by it is a fixed belief or idea, good or bad, that spreads from person to person and defines how we see the world.

（笑聲） 而我所指的是 那些在人群中傳播, 并塑造我們對(duì)世界看法的既定觀念和想法（不論好壞）。

【30】For example, people should have equal rights.

比如, 人們應(yīng)當(dāng)擁有 平等的權(quán)利。

【31】Birds aren't real.

鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)并不真實(shí)存在。

【32】It's a thing.

這個(gè)說(shuō)法已經(jīng)流行開(kāi)了。

【33】(Laughter) Nuclear energy is bad.

（笑聲） 核能不好。

【34】When it comes to nuclear power, the world has been sold a bad meme.

而在核能上, 整個(gè)世界都受到了 一個(gè)負(fù)面熱梗的影響。

【35】An outdated one.

還是一個(gè) 已經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)的梗。

【36】Let's go back in time.

讓我們來(lái)回顧一下。

【37】It all started with the anti-nuclear movement of the 1970s.

一切都始于 1970 年代的反核運(yùn)動(dòng)。

【38】The movement was driven in large part by an understandable fear of nuclear weapons.

推動(dòng)這一運(yùn)動(dòng)的 一大因素是 人們對(duì)于核武器的 合理的恐懼。

【39】And I get it.

這我能理解。

【40】It must have been terrifying to grow up in the '50s and '60s fearing a nuclear attack.

成長(zhǎng)于五六十年代 一定是一種可怕的經(jīng)歷, 時(shí)時(shí)擔(dān)心遭到核武器攻擊。

【41】But here's the problem.

但問(wèn)題就在于,

【42】Their logic was: nuclear bombs are bad, therefore nuclear energy is bad.

他們的邏輯是: 既然核武器是壞的, 那么核能就不會(huì)好。

【43】Which, if you think about it, is like saying: the electric chair is bad, therefore electricity is bad.

你仔細(xì)想想,這就好比說(shuō): 電椅是壞的, 所以電也是壞的。

【44】The case against nuclear power was never based on science, but the anti-nuclear meme was very catchy.

對(duì)核能的針對(duì) 從來(lái)不是基于科學(xué), 但是反核相關(guān)的梗 倒是很引人注目。

【45】In the decades that followed, aspiring engineers didn't choose nuclear engineering.

在隨后的幾十年里, 多少滿(mǎn)懷抱負(fù)的工程師 因此沒(méi)有選擇核工程。

【46】Politicians got points for closing nuclear plants, even though it always led to higher carbon emissions.

即使關(guān)停核電站 一定會(huì)導(dǎo)致碳排的增加, 但政客依然會(huì)因此 而獲得政治加分。

【47】The meme even snuck into people's homes, every Sunday night at eight, without them knowing.

而關(guān)于反核的梗 甚至在不知不覺(jué)中, 于每周日晚八點(diǎn) 溜進(jìn)了人們的家中。

【48】(Laughter) I wish Homer had worked at a coal plant.

（笑聲） 我真希望荷馬 是在一家火電廠工作。

【49】(Laughter) In the last 10 years, we have spent trillions of dollars on renewables, yet we only get eight percent of our electricity from wind and solar.

（笑聲） 在過(guò)去的十年中, 我們?cè)诳稍偕茉瓷?花費(fèi)了數(shù)千億, 但卻只有 8% 的電能 來(lái)自于風(fēng)能和太陽(yáng)能。

【50】Now, don't get me wrong, I love renewables, but to me, it's clear that we need more.

大家別誤會(huì), 我愛(ài)可再生能源, 但在我看來(lái),它無(wú)法滿(mǎn)足 我們的需求。

【51】We need a source of energy that's clean and works 24/7 to complement them.

我們需要一種 清潔、全天候不間斷的能源 來(lái)與可再生能源互補(bǔ)。

【52】And it's been sitting right in front of us this whole time, but we have ignored it because we're too blinded by the meme.

這種能源一直都在 我們眼前, 但我們卻一直視而不見(jiàn), 因?yàn)槲覀儽?各種爛梗蒙蔽了雙眼。

【53】Now most people today aren't exactly anti-nuclear as much as they’re “meh.” Not passionately against it, but they've heard of Chernobyl.

如今的人對(duì)待核能的態(tài)度 并不是反對(duì), 而是漠然。 他們并非旗幟鮮明地反對(duì), 但也都聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)切爾諾貝利核事故。

【54】They've seen images of leaking green barrels.

他們看過(guò)正在泄漏的 綠色油桶的圖片。

【55】They have a vague feeling it's bad.

他們隱約感覺(jué)這東西不好。

【56】And remember, that's where I used to be.

而我曾經(jīng)也是他們中的一員。

【57】Until I saw this chart.

直到我看到了這張圖。

【58】The only thing you need to take away from this chart is that nuclear power has the lowest life cycle emissions of all energy sources, producing only three tons of CO2 per gigawatt hour of electricity.

看完這張圖 你只需要記住一點(diǎn), 即在所有的能源中, 核能的生命周期碳排 是最低的。 產(chǎn)生一千兆瓦時(shí)的電能 僅排放 3 噸二氧化碳。

【59】And I could keep talking like this all day long, but let's be real, this is not changing minds on social media.

這么講我能講一天, 但說(shuō)實(shí)話(huà), 這改變不了社交媒體上 人們的想法。

【60】So I do things a little bit differently.

所以我另辟蹊徑。

【61】(Video) The reality is that nuclear is one of the safest forms of energy.

（視頻）事實(shí)上,核能 是最安全的能源之一。

【62】The problem is that nuclear accidents are dramatic.

而問(wèn)題在于, 核能事故非常戲劇化,

【63】While fossil fuel damage is boring.

化石燃料帶來(lái)的傷害 就要無(wú)聊得多。

【64】I'm literally falling asleep talking about it.

講著講著 我都要睡著了。

【65】Recent studies say that 8.7 million people die from burning them every year.

最新研究顯示,燃燒化石燃料 每年導(dǎo)致 870 萬(wàn)人死亡。

【66】This would be like having 5.8 Chernobyls a day.

這相當(dāng)于每天發(fā)生 5.8 個(gè)切爾諾貝利事故。

【67】I'm just a humble influencer, but I think this means fossil fuels are worse.

雖然我只是 一個(gè)小小的網(wǎng)紅, 但我覺(jué)得這說(shuō)明了 化石燃料要更糟糕。

【68】(Laughter)

（笑聲）

【69】(Applause) Most people have a feeling airplanes are more dangerous than cars because when a plane crashes, it makes the headlines.

（掌聲） 大多數(shù)人感覺(jué) 飛機(jī)比汽車(chē)更危險(xiǎn), 因?yàn)轱w機(jī)墜毀 是要上頭條的,

【70】It's memorable.

更容易讓人記住。

【71】Of course, we know the opposite is true.

顯然,我們知道 飛機(jī)要更安全。

【72】Planes are significantly safer than cars, just like nuclear power is significantly safer than fossil fuels.

飛機(jī)的安全系數(shù) 要遠(yuǎn)高于汽車(chē)。 同理,核能也要比 化石燃料安全得多。

【73】In this next video, Isodope will address the idea that we don't know what to do with nuclear waste.

下面這個(gè)視頻里, Isodope 針對(duì)回應(yīng)的是 我們不知道如何處理 核廢料的這一觀點(diǎn)。

【74】(Video) I'm sure you don't know what to do with it, but there are people who spent decades studying this issue.

（視頻）你當(dāng)然不知道 該怎么處理核廢料, 但花費(fèi)數(shù)十年從事 該領(lǐng)域研究的大有人在。

【75】They're called scientists.

他們叫做科學(xué)家。

【76】Finland is almost done building the world's first nuclear waste repository.

芬蘭已經(jīng)快要建成 世界上第一個(gè) 核廢料處置庫(kù)。

【77】They're storing it deep underground in geologically stable locations.

它們被儲(chǔ)藏在地下深處 地質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定的部位。

【78】Sweden is about to do the same.

瑞典也將緊隨 芬蘭的腳步。

【79】I know you're worried about what may happen 19,000 years from now, but ...

我知道,你可能在擔(dān)心 19,000 年后會(huì)發(fā)生什么,但……

【80】(Loud buzzing) Again, just a humble influencer, but we might not make it that far if we keep burning fossil fuels.

（響亮的嗡嗡聲） 還是那句話(huà), 我只是個(gè)小小的網(wǎng)紅, 但接著燒化石燃料的話(huà), 我們可能都活不了這么久。

【81】(Applause) By the way, most think nuclear energy waste looks like this.

（掌聲） 順嘴一說(shuō),大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為 核廢料長(zhǎng)這樣。

【82】It actually looks like this.

但它實(shí)際上長(zhǎng)這樣。

【83】Fully contained in concrete casks that are so good at blocking radiation I might do a photo shoot there.

核廢料被完全包裹在 混凝土制成的桶中,這些桶能夠很好的阻斷輻射, 所以我才能在那里拍照。

【84】Now, a more modern objection to nuclear power is that it's too slow.

反對(duì)核能的一個(gè) 更新潮的理由是 它太慢了。

【85】It takes too long to build.

修建核電廠太耗時(shí)。

【86】Well, I'm sure Isodope has something to say about that.

我覺(jué)得 Isodope 關(guān)于這點(diǎn) 一定也有話(huà)要說(shuō)。

【87】(Video) (Isodope claps) Finally, an argument that isn't older than me.

（視頻） （Isodope 的掌聲） 總算是有點(diǎn)新鮮的東西了。

【88】Unfortunately, it still sucks.

不幸的是, 這個(gè)理由依然很遜。

【89】In the '70s, France built 45 reactors in 15 years.

1970 年代,法國(guó)用了 15 年 建造了 45 個(gè)核反應(yīng)堆。

【90】More recently, Japan, China and Korea have built reactors in six years or less.

但近代,日本、中國(guó)和韓國(guó)建造核反應(yīng)堆 只花了 6 年或更短的時(shí)間。

【91】So this means BTS is blow-drying their hair with clean energy.

也就是說(shuō),BTS 吹頭發(fā) 用的都是清潔能源。

【92】Even if it takes 10 years to build one, nuclear power plants can make clean and reliable electricity for at least 80 years.

即使建一座 核電站要 10 年, 但它可在 80 年 或更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間里 持續(xù)產(chǎn)生清潔、可靠的電能。

【93】This --

這……

【94】(Applause) This idea that it takes too long to build plants is confusing, considering we're going to need energy forever.

（掌聲） 這種修建核電廠很耗時(shí)的觀念 讓人摸不著頭腦, 因?yàn)槲覀儗?duì)能源的需求 是永恒的。

【95】You know, the best time to build nuclear plants was 10 years ago.

你知道嗎, 修建核電站的最好時(shí)機(jī) 是 10 年前。

【96】The next best time is today.

下一個(gè)最好時(shí)機(jī), 就是現(xiàn)在。

【97】Now we’ve finally arrived at the most fashionable objection at the moment: nuclear power is too expensive.

我們終于說(shuō)到關(guān)于反對(duì)核電站的 最時(shí)髦的理由: 核能太貴了。

【98】I'm going to take that one.

這一點(diǎn)由我本人來(lái)回應(yīng)。

【99】A little weird to say something is too expensive to save the future of our species, but I get it, cost matters.

說(shuō)一件能夠拯救 人類(lèi)未來(lái)的東西太貴, 多少有點(diǎn)奇怪。 但我能理解, 成本很重要。

【100】Here's the thing.

但老實(shí)說(shuō),

【101】We know how to make clean energy cheaper.

我們知道如何降低 清潔能源的成本。

【102】It's not rocket science.

并不是什么 高精尖的科技。

【103】You build the same thing over and over and over.

反復(fù)不停地建設(shè)就行。

【104】Solar, 10 years ago, was also considered "too expensive,"

10 年前,人們同樣認(rèn)為 太陽(yáng)能“太昂貴”,

【105】but we decided it was cool and invested in it.

但我們投資了 這項(xiàng)很酷的技術(shù)。

【106】Like magic, the costs have dropped by 90 percent.

而它的成本也像魔術(shù)一般 降低了 90%。

【107】One way to make nuclear cheaper is with small modular reactors like these.

降低核能成本的方法之一就是 使用這種模塊化的小型反應(yīng)堆。

【108】China just finished building their own version.

中國(guó)已經(jīng)建成了 自己的版本。

【109】Poland will use a similar technology to convert their aging coal plants into nuclear plants.

波蘭將會(huì)使用類(lèi)似的技術(shù) 將其不斷老化的火電廠 改造為核電廠。

【110】They'll use the same building, the same transmission lines, even retrain the same workers.

它們將使用原有的建筑 和電力傳輸線路, 甚至保留原有的工人。

【111】But now making clean energy instead of buying dirty fuels from dictators.

這么一來(lái),波蘭就能 自己生產(chǎn)清潔能源, 而無(wú)需從獨(dú)裁者手中 購(gòu)買(mǎi)骯臟的化石燃料。

【112】Which leads me to a crazy idea.

這讓我有了一個(gè) 瘋狂的想法。

【113】What if instead of viewing nuclear power as destructive, we view it as a force for energy independence and even peace.

如果我們不將核能 看作是毀滅性的, 而將其視為實(shí)現(xiàn)能源獨(dú)立, 甚至是和平的途徑。

【114】What if this technology offers our best hope for the future?

如果核能技術(shù)是我們 通向未來(lái)的最大的希望呢？

【115】A future where wars aren't funded by our addiction to fossil fuels.

在這樣的未來(lái)里,戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)不至因我們對(duì) 化石燃料的極度依賴(lài)而起。

【116】A future where energy is clean.

在這樣的未來(lái)里, 我們有著清潔的能源,

【117】A future where electricity finally makes its way to the 700 million people on Earth who still don't have access to it.

在這樣的未來(lái)里, 地球上最后的那 700 萬(wàn) 還沒(méi)有用上電的人, 終于用上了電。

【118】The idea that nuclear power is bad is costing us that future.

認(rèn)為核能很壞的這一觀念 正摧毀這一未來(lái)。

【119】And it's time to let go of it.

是時(shí)候改變這一觀念了。

【120】I'm not asking you to build a reactor.

我不是要大家 去親手建設(shè)核電站,

【121】I'm not asking you to rewrite "The Simpsons."

也不是要大家去重寫(xiě) 《辛普森一家》的劇本。

【122】(Laughter) I'm not even asking you to sign a petition on Change.org.

（笑聲） 我甚至不要求大家 去 Change.org 上簽請(qǐng)?jiān)笗?shū)。

【123】All I'm asking you is to please, join me in spreading the meme.

我只是想請(qǐng)大家和我一起 轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)傳播這些梗圖。

【124】Nuclear energy is cool.

核能很酷。

【125】Thank you.

謝謝。

【126】(Cheers and applause)