【失業(yè)人口調(diào)查】羅斯福第11次爐邊談話 1937年11月14日
1937年11月14日，美國總統(tǒng)羅斯福發(fā)表了本篇爐邊談話，主要談及美國的失業(yè)問題，并宣布對失業(yè)群體進(jìn)行人口調(diào)查，以方便政府更好地解決問題，同時呼吁全國人民同心協(xié)力戰(zhàn)勝困難。
I am appealing to the people of America tonight to help in carrying out a task that is important to them and to their government.
今晚，我想尋求全體美國人民的幫助，來完成一項對人民、對政府都至關(guān)重要的任務(wù)。
It is a part, but an essential part, of the greater task of finding jobs for willing workers who are idle through no fault of their own; of finding more work for those who are insufficiently employed and of surveying the needs of workers and industry to see if we can find the basis of a better long-range plan of re-employment than we have now.
這一任務(wù)是我們?yōu)樵敢夤ぷ鞯墓と藙?chuàng)造工作崗位總章程的一環(huán)，且是必不可少的一環(huán)；為只能打零工的人找到穩(wěn)定工作，調(diào)查工人和企業(yè)的需求，然后看看我們能否改進(jìn)現(xiàn)有的就業(yè)計劃，為其持續(xù)效益打下基礎(chǔ)。
Enforced idleness, embracing any considerable portion of our people, in a nation of such wealth and natural opportunity, is a paradox that challenges our ingenuity.?Unemployment is one of the bitter and galling problems that now afflicts man-kind. It has been with us, in a measure, since the beginning of our industrial era.?It has been increased by the complexity of business and industry, and it has been made more acute by the depression. It has made necessary the expenditure of billions of dollars for relief and for publicly created work; it has delayed the balancing of our national budget, and increased the tax burden of all our people. In addition to the problem faced by the national government our states and local governments have been sorely pressed to meet the increased load resulting from unemployment.
我國坐擁大量財富財產(chǎn)和豐富自然資源，國內(nèi)卻有大量人民被迫閑置失業(yè)，這一自相矛盾的現(xiàn)象需要我們動用智慧去應(yīng)對。失業(yè)這一令人惱火不快的問題，一直困擾著人類。自工業(yè)時代以來，這個問題就多多少少一直存在。而商業(yè)和工業(yè)的發(fā)展，則加劇了這一問題，經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條更是使之雪上加霜。大蕭條迫使我們撥款幾十上百億美元用以救濟(jì)和開展公共工程；使得我國財政遲遲無法收支平衡，還加重了人民的賦稅負(fù)擔(dān)。除聯(lián)邦政府之外，各州地方政府也面臨著嚴(yán)峻失業(yè)問題所帶來的巨大壓力。
It is a problem of every civilized nation—not ours alone. It has been solved in some countries by starting huge armament programs but we Americans do not want to solve it that way.
這不僅是我們面臨的困境——世界各國都面臨著這一困境。一些國家通過大規(guī)模擴(kuò)軍解決了危機(jī)，但是我們美國人不打算采用這種方法。
Nevertheless, as a nation we adopted the policy that no unemployed man or woman can be permitted to starve for lack of aid. That is still our policy. But the situation calls for a permanent cure and not just a temporary one.
我國當(dāng)時采取政策是為失業(yè)的男女發(fā)放救濟(jì)，免于饑餓。我們今天的政策依舊如此。但我們不能僅用這種臨時救濟(jì)，而是要找到辦法根治問題。
Unemployment relief is, of course, not the permanent cure. The permanent cure lies in finding suitable jobs in industry and agriculture for all willing workers. It involves cooperative effort and planning which will lead to the absorption of this unused man-power in private industry. Such planning calls for facts which we do not now possess.
失業(yè)救濟(jì)金當(dāng)然只是治標(biāo)不治本。只要我們?yōu)樗性敢夤ぷ鞯墓I(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)工人找到了適合他們的工作崗位，才能從根本上解決問題。完成這一任務(wù)需要我們齊心協(xié)力，讓私企得以將閑置的人力資源吸納入崗位。我們尚不具備完成該計劃的客觀條件。
Such planning applies not only to workers but to the employers in industry because it involves trying to get rid of what we call the peaks and valleys of employment and unemployment—trying with the help of industry to plan against producing more goods one year than people can or will consume, and cutting production drastically the following year with the resulting lay-off of hundreds of thousands of workers.
That is a long and difficult problem to find the answer to and it may take many efforts in the coming years to find the right answer. But in the meantime, we need more facts.
這一計劃不僅有利于于工人，也利于企業(yè)家，因為它可以防止我們常說的過山車式的就業(yè)失業(yè)問題——我們在第一年生產(chǎn)的商品供過于求，第二年又大幅減產(chǎn)，導(dǎo)致數(shù)十萬工人失業(yè)，現(xiàn)在我們要聯(lián)合企業(yè)，一起解決這種問題。想要找到這一問題的解決方法并非易事，這可能要我們花上幾年的時間，投入巨大的精力才能找到正解。但同時，我們需要了解失業(yè)問題的真實情況。
For several years varying estimates of the extent of unemployment have been made.?Valuable as some of these estimates have been in providing us an approximation of the extent of unemployment, they have not provided us with sufficient factual data on which to base a comprehensive re-employment program.?During this coming week we are going to strive to get such facts. We are going to conduct a nation-wide census of the unemployed and the partly unemployed and we are going to conduct it in the genuinely democratic American way.
這幾年來，各種機(jī)構(gòu)統(tǒng)計的失業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)都不一樣。雖然其中一部分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)可以為政府大致估計失業(yè)群體規(guī)模作參考，但僅依靠這些客觀數(shù)據(jù)規(guī)劃全方面再就業(yè)計劃的基礎(chǔ)，是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的。在接下來的一周里，政府會努力調(diào)查失業(yè)群體的真實數(shù)據(jù)。我們會在全國范圍內(nèi)對失業(yè)者和半失業(yè)者進(jìn)行人口調(diào)查，我們會用真正民主的、符合美國特色的方式的進(jìn)行普查。
This is to be a wholly voluntary census. We are going to hold the mirror up to ourselves and try to get, not only a true and honest reflection of our present unemployment conditions, but facts which will help us to plan constructively for the future.
本次人口調(diào)查完全自愿參與。我們會舉起鏡子，不僅要照出我們當(dāng)前失業(yè)群體的真實情況，還要從中了解到有助于我們未來解決問題的真實信息。
Only in a nation whose people are alert to their own self-interest, and alive to their responsibilities of citizenship, could such a voluntary plan succeed. I am confident that this great American undertaking will succeed. Every effort is being put forth to make all of our people understand and appreciate its significance and I am sure you will all give it your helpful aid as you have in previous efforts aimed at national improvement, and through which our people have shown their capacity for self-government.
只有人民關(guān)心自己的利益，并甚至自己作為公民的義務(wù)，國家才能完成本次自愿調(diào)研。我相信，美國人民一定會完成這一艱巨任務(wù)。我們正在盡一切努力使我國全體人民理解這一任務(wù)的重要性，我相信大家為改善國家狀況，會一如既往地支持這一任務(wù)，以此展現(xiàn)我國人民擁有自治能力。
On Tuesday next, November 16, the Post Office Department, through its far-flung and highly efficient organization, will undertake to deliver to every abode in the United States an Unemployment Report Card containing 14 simple questions.
下周二，也就是11月16日，郵政部會有效組織行動，然后向美國的每一個家庭都郵寄一張失業(yè)登記單，登記單上有14個簡單問題。
The Report Card which the postman will leave at your door on Tuesday is a double post-card, larger than the customary card. It is addressed especially to those who are unemployed or partly unemployed, and who are able to work and are seeking work.?This card contains a message to you from me carrying the assurance that if you will give me all the facts, it will help us in planning for the benefit of those who need and want work and do not now have it. This message calls upon the unemployed and everyone else in this land to help make this census complete, honest and accurate.
周二，郵遞員會將登記單放到你家門口，登記單是一個比普通紙單略大的雙明信片。這一登記單專門為失業(yè)或半失業(yè)群體，以及有工作能力正在尋找工作的人而制作。報告單上會有我想對你們說的話，以及我的保證，只要你們?nèi)鐚嵏嬖V我所有信息，我們就能開展規(guī)劃，幫助那些想要工作卻沒有工作的人。我呼吁全體失業(yè)者，以及我國全體國民配合完成此次人口普查，做到真實準(zhǔn)確。
If all unemployed and partly unemployed persons, who are able to work and who are seeking work, will conscientiously fill out these cards and mail them just as they are, without stamp or envelope, by or before midnight November 20, our nation will have real facts upon which to base a sound re-employment program.
如果所有可以工作、且想要工作的失業(yè)人員和半失業(yè)人員能在11月20日結(jié)束之前，填寫完這些報告單并原樣寄回，寄送時不需要郵票或信封，那么國家就能以這些真實信息為基礎(chǔ)，開始全面規(guī)劃再就業(yè)任務(wù)。
It is important for every unemployed person to understand that this report card is not an application for relief, nor registration for a job. This is purely and simply a fact-seeking census. When you receive this card you will note that the 14 questions are designed to give this nation a wider basis of knowledge of its unemployment conditions than it has heretofore had.
全體失業(yè)者都要明白，這張登記單不是救濟(jì)申請，也不是工作登記。這只是一次想要了解我國人民真實信息的簡單人口調(diào)查。等你收到報告單，看到這14個問題時，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)，國家只是想比以前盡可能多地了解人民的失業(yè)情況。
If our unemployed and partly unemployed wholeheartedly give the information sought in these 14 questions, we will know not only the extent of unemployment and partial unemployment, but we will know the geographical location of unemployment by states and communities. We will likewise be able to tell what age groups are most severely affected. But most important of all, we will know the work qualifications of the unemployed; we will know in what industries they are suited to function, and we will be equipped to determine what future industrial trends are most likely to absorb these idle workers.
如果失業(yè)者和半失業(yè)者愿意誠實回答這14個問題，將你們的信息告訴我們，我們就不僅能了解到你們的群體規(guī)模，還有你們在各州各地的位置。同時，我們還能看出哪個年齡段失業(yè)最為嚴(yán)重。最重要的是，我們可以了解到失業(yè)者可以承擔(dān)什么工作；知道失業(yè)者適合哪些企業(yè)，并知道未來哪些行業(yè)可能會需要這些閑置工人。
I think it is necessary to emphasize that only those unemployed, or partly unemployed, who are able to work, and who are seeking work, should fill out these cards. All others may disregard them.
我認(rèn)為我必須強(qiáng)調(diào)一下，只要失業(yè)者和半失業(yè)者，且有工作能力也愿意工作的人，才需要填寫登記單。其他人請直接無視。
But I appeal to all of you who are employed today to enlist as good neighbors to those who are unemployed in your communities and who may need help in filling out their cards properly and promptly. They may need the stimulus of your cooperation, to recognize the importance of this national effort to help them.
但是我想要呼吁全體有工作的人，幫助社區(qū)內(nèi)有需要的人正確及時填寫登記表，成為他們的好鄰里。他們可能需要你們幫助，否則的話，他們可能不知道國家正在幫助他們，或意識不到事情的重要性。
I think this neighborly cooperation will be very helpful in dispelling from the minds of the unemployed all fear that the information sought in this census is to be used for any purpose other than helpfulness. I repeat the assurance to the unemployed that the information which you give on these report cards will in no sense be used against you, but so far as lies within my power will be employed for your own good and for the welfare of the nation.
我覺得，這種鄰里幫助的模式非常有助于驅(qū)散失業(yè)者心中的恐懼，部分失業(yè)者會害怕我們在這次人口普查中收集的個人信息除幫扶之外，會被用于其他目的。我再次向大家保證，你們在登記單上填的信息，絕不會用于對你們不利的事務(wù)，只要在我的權(quán)力范圍內(nèi)，我都會竭力確保這些信息用于造福人民和國家。
When we have ascertained the full facts of unemployment, we can extend the voluntary and neighborly character of this effort to the task of finding the solution to the perplexing problem. Its importance justifies a national approach, free from prejudice or partisanship and warrants the cooperative endeavors of business, of labor, of agriculture, and of government.
等我們了解到了所需的失業(yè)群體真實信息，我們就可以沿用本次人口調(diào)查中的自愿政策和睦鄰政策，用以解決這一困擾我們的問題。這一政策證明了我們擺脫黨派斗的模式效果拔群，也可以確保企業(yè)、工人、農(nóng)民和政府相互配合，共同努力。
I am confident that this nation of ours has the genius to reorder its affairs, and possesses the physical resources to make it possible for everyone, young or old, to enjoy the opportunity to work and earn. There is neither logic nor necessity for one-third of our population to have less of the needs of modern life than make for decent living.
我相信，自我管理、重塑穩(wěn)定是我國與生俱來的天賦，我國擁有海量物質(zhì)資源，足以讓每一個人，無論男女老少，都能得到工作賺錢的機(jī)會。我國現(xiàn)在有三分之一的人，仍舊無法得到所需所求，無法過上體面的現(xiàn)代生活，這既不應(yīng)該，也無必要。
Our national purchasing power is the soil from which comes all our prosperity. The steady flow of wages to our millions of workers is essential if the products of our industry and of our farmers are to be consumed.
全國購買力是我國一切繁榮的土壤。如果我們想要把工業(yè)品和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品賣出去，那么就必須讓成百上千萬工人擁有穩(wěn)定的工資。
Our far-sighted industrial leaders now recognize that a very substantial share of corporate earnings must be paid out in wages, or the soil from which these industries grow will soon become impoverished. Our farmers recognize that their largest customers are the workers for wages, and that farm markets cannot be maintained except through widespread purchasing power.
現(xiàn)在，我國富有遠(yuǎn)見的行業(yè)巨頭已經(jīng)認(rèn)識到，必須將自己企業(yè)收入的相當(dāng)一部分以工資的形式發(fā)放出去，否則企業(yè)立足的土壤很快就會崩塌。我國農(nóng)民也認(rèn)識到了，他們的主要消費(fèi)群體就是領(lǐng)企業(yè)工資的工人，如果工人普遍不具備足夠的購買力，那么農(nóng)業(yè)市場也無法維系。
This unemployment problem is, therefore, one in which every individual and every economic group has a direct interest. It is a problem whose discussion must be removed from the field of prejudice to the field of logic. We shall find the solution only when we have the facts, and having the facts, accept our mutual responsibilities.
所以失業(yè)問題是和每個人、每個經(jīng)濟(jì)團(tuán)體都直接息息相關(guān)的。討論這個問題時，我們必須摒棄偏見，用邏輯和理性思考。我們要先掌握真實信息，之后我們還要共同承擔(dān)起責(zé)任，才能解決失業(yè)問題。
The inherent right to work is one of the elemental privileges of a free? people.?Continued failure to achieve that right and privilege by anyone who wants to work and needs work is a challenge to our civilization and to our security. Endowed, as our nation is, with abundant physical resources, and inspired as it should be with the high purpose to make those resources and opportunities available for the enjoyment of all, we approach this problem of reemployment with the real hope of finding a better answer than we have now.
對于自由民族來說，擁有工作是不可剝奪的基本權(quán)利。我們遲遲無法幫助想要、需要工作的人民捍衛(wèi)這一權(quán)利，這撼動著我們的文明和安全。上天賦予了我國豐富的物質(zhì)資源，因此我們也應(yīng)該讓全體人民都能享有這些資源和機(jī)遇，現(xiàn)在我們真誠希望，能找到某種比現(xiàn)有方案更好的措施來解決再就業(yè)問題。
The Unemployment Census, as a sensible first step to a constructive re-employment program ought to be a successful bit of national team-work from which will come again that feeling of national solidarity which is the strength and the glory of the American people.
本次失業(yè)人口調(diào)查，是我們以理性解決再就業(yè)規(guī)劃邁出的第一步，全國人民互幫互助，舉國上下齊心協(xié)力，我們一定可以成功，再向世人展現(xiàn)美利堅民族的力量與榮光。
聲明：本人僅按照原文翻譯內(nèi)容，演講內(nèi)容不代表本人觀點。此專欄僅供歷史和英語交流學(xué)習(xí)使用，任何讀者皆可引用本人的譯本。
希望來學(xué)習(xí)英語的觀眾明白：我覺得這些專欄的主要精華在于英語原文，而并非我的譯本，我的譯本很大程度上只是供來學(xué)習(xí)歷史的觀眾使用的。本人的英語水平一般，翻譯得并不會多么精彩，只能在你看不懂時來幫助你了解這些演講內(nèi)容最基本的意思，而且翻譯時難免會出現(xiàn)差錯，切勿直接完全以我的譯本為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。如發(fā)現(xiàn)有翻譯錯誤或者歧義內(nèi)容，歡迎指正。
希望來學(xué)習(xí)歷史的觀眾明白：任何歷史人物都有一定的局限性，隨著時代發(fā)展，很多觀點看法可能已經(jīng)不再適用今天的世界，西方的觀點也不一定適用于我們。通過了解這些演講，僅可給我們提供一個更全面了解過去和世界的渠道。我們可以從優(yōu)秀的歷史、當(dāng)代人物身上學(xué)到很多，但是請保持獨立思考，理性看待演講內(nèi)容，切勿全信或?qū)⑵浞顬檎胬怼?/strong>
