（評(píng)論太長就發(fā)筆記了）

頭一次見挺感覺好玩，查了查文獻(xiàn)，up做的雀食和文獻(xiàn)描述的一樣，不過就文獻(xiàn)所述，并不能證明是銨汞齊，up可以嘗試做一做驗(yàn)證實(shí)驗(yàn)??。

銨基的金屬性質(zhì)最令人印象深刻的證據(jù)是它的汞合金，即汞齊銨的形成。一個(gè)經(jīng)常使用的講座實(shí)驗(yàn)，是基于漢弗萊·戴維爵士制造汞齊銨的方法，包括在一個(gè)高圓柱體中向汞齊鈉中加入濃氯化銨溶液。一攪拌，水銀就以一種奇怪的方式膨脹起來，形成一團(tuán)像黃油一樣稠度的海綿狀物質(zhì)。無論講師是否這樣說，學(xué)生通常認(rèn)為這種金屬泡沫是汞齊銨。

然而，這是一個(gè)有爭(zhēng)議的推論。根據(jù)Moissan的說法，在低溫下制備的汞齊銨的密度與汞差不多。

這表明，產(chǎn)品的浮力是由于氣體纏繞在汞。這種觀點(diǎn)得到了Seely的支持，他研究了大量產(chǎn)品的可壓縮性，發(fā)現(xiàn)在壓力下它表現(xiàn)得像泡沫。由于諸如此類的原因，泡沫產(chǎn)品并不能作為汞齊銨存在的決定性證據(jù)。這一現(xiàn)象可以解釋為汞齊鈉與氯化銨溶液發(fā)生了表面反應(yīng)，攪拌和起泡有利于反應(yīng)的發(fā)生。

The most impressive evidence of the metallic nature of the ammonium radical is the formation of its mercury alloy, ammonium amalgam. A lecture experiment in frequent use, based on Sir Humphry Davy's method for making ammonium amalgam, consists in the addition of concentrated ammonium chloride solution to sodium amalgam in a tall cylinder. Upon stirring, the mercury swells up in a curious fashion, forming a spongy mass of about the consistency of butter. Whether the lecturer says so or not, the student usually assumes that this metallic froth is ammonium amalgam.

This, however, is a debatable inference. According to Moissan,' ammonium amalgam prepared at low temperatures is about as dense as mercury.

This suggests that the buoyancy of the product is due to gases enmeshed in the mercury. Such a view is sup- + - ported by the work of Seely,%ho Cwbm" studied the compressibility of the voluminous product, and found that under pressure it behaved like a foam. For h,,4sQ,&"m reasons such as these, the frothy product is not conclusive evidence of the exist- Merw,J ence of ammonium amalgam. Moreover, the whole phenomenon might be explained as due to a surface reaction between the sodium amalgam and tk ammonium chloride solution, which would be favored by the stirring and effervescence.

[1] Reedy J H. Lecture demonstration of ammonium amalgam[J]. Journal of Chemical Education, 1929, 6(10): 1767.

還有一個(gè)有趣的地方是有銨汞齊，那么胺汞齊也可以制備了。這是篇老文獻(xiàn)的摘要??。

用季銨鹽的汞陰極直接電解和在干非質(zhì)子介質(zhì)中與汞齊鈉反應(yīng)制備了季銨汞齊合金。對(duì)四甲基銨銀汞合金進(jìn)行了分離和表征。研究了它與水、酸、丙烯腈和鹵代烴的反應(yīng)及其在加熱時(shí)的分解。

Quaternary ammonium amalgams have been prepared both by direct electrolysis at a mercury cathode of quaternary ammonium salts and by their reaction with sodium amalgam in dry aprotic media. The tetramethylammonium amalgam has been isolated and characterized. Its reaction iith water, acids, acrylonitrile and alkyl halides and its decomposition on heating have been studied.

[1] Littlehailes J D, Woodhall B J. Quaternary ammonium amalgams[J]. Discussions of the Faraday Society, 1968, 45: 187-192.