「釋義」

大規(guī)模定制是一種旨在快速響應(yīng)客戶需求，同時兼顧大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)效益的運作戰(zhàn)略。將顧客個性化定制生產(chǎn)的柔性與大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)的低成本、高效率相結(jié)合，尋找兩者的有效平衡點。

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「應(yīng)用場景」

海爾公司內(nèi)部有4000多個獨立運營的小微，如何同步處理技術(shù)和設(shè)備方面的重大投資？如何打造諸如自動化生產(chǎn)等跨業(yè)務(wù)的能力？

How does a company with more than 4,000 independent operating units synchronize major investments in technology and facilities? How does it build cross-business capabilities such as manufacturing automation?

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初創(chuàng)公司中的協(xié)調(diào)合作是自發(fā)的。一出現(xiàn)問題，人們自然地聚集起來設(shè)法解決。隨著公司發(fā)展，內(nèi)部團體各自成型，協(xié)調(diào)合作就越來越困難。一般解決方案會牽涉更多的層級、授權(quán)和公司層面的職能。

In a start-up, coordination happens spontaneously. When there’s a problem people simply huddle and hash things out. As a company grows and operating units become more siloed, coordination becomes increasingly difficult. The typical solution involves more layers, mandates, and corporate-level functions.

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海爾用了不一樣的方法，小微依托于平臺。一些平臺把同類產(chǎn)品（如洗衣機、視聽）小微匯聚在一起，其他平臺則專注發(fā)展新能力，如數(shù)字化營銷、大規(guī)模定制等。一個行業(yè)平臺通常包含50多個小微。

Haier has a different approach: organizing all MEs into platforms. Some platforms bring together MEs operating in a similar category, like washing or audiovisual products, while others focus on building new capabilities, such as digital marketing and mass customization. A typical industry platform encompasses more than 50 MEs.

以上文字選自《哈佛商業(yè)評論》中文版2019年1月刊《終結(jié)科層制》

加里·哈梅爾（GaryHamel）米歇爾·扎尼尼（Michele Zanini）丨文

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