音樂風格 | 蒙古 | 呼麥 Throat Singing
“呼麥”是圖瓦文xoomei的中文音譯,又名“浩林?潮爾”,原義指“喉嚨”,即為“喉音”,一種藉由喉嚨緊縮而唱出“雙聲”的泛音詠唱技法。“雙聲”(biphonic)指一個人在演唱時能同時發(fā)出兩個高低不同的聲音。另外,呼麥又稱“蒙古喉音”。呼麥作為一種歌詠方法,主要流傳于中國內蒙古,南西伯利亞的圖瓦、蒙古、阿爾泰和哈卡斯(Khakass)等地區(qū)。西藏密宗格魯派的噶陀(Gyuto)、噶美(Gyume)兩寺,也有使用低沉的喉音來唱誦經(jīng)咒的傳承。 呼麥是一種古老的歌唱方式,聲音從喉底里發(fā)出來,悠悠遠遠地往一個很深很深的隧道里面鉆,那個隧道是時間的記憶。據(jù)說,呼麥已經(jīng)有千年歷史,而今已是蒙古國寶級的藝術,在全世界獨一無二。國家非常重視非物質文化遺產的保護,2006年5月20日,蒙古族呼麥經(jīng)國務院批準列入第一批國家級非物質文化遺產名錄。2009年10月1日,中國蒙古族呼麥成功入選世界非物質文化遺產名錄。?
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Throat Singing is a type of singing in which the singer manipulates the resonances (or formants) created as air travels from the lungs, past the vocal folds, and out the lips to produce a melody. The partials (fundamental and overtones) of a sound wave made by the human voice can be selectively amplified by changing the shape of the resonant cavities of the mouth, larynx and pharynx. This resonant tuning allows the singer to create apparently more than one pitch at the same time (the fundamental and a selected overtone), while in effect still generating a single fundamental frequency with his/her vocal folds.