7 Traits of Super-Productive People

你的團(tuán)隊(duì)里有沒有人看起來效率出奇地高？他能夠完成巨大的工作量，且不需要更長的工作時(shí)間？

Is there someone on your team who seems unusually productive? Someone who gets a huge amount done?— without working longer hours?

每個(gè)行業(yè)都有效率超高的人。效率最高的程序員平均每天能夠比普通的程序員多寫9倍的代碼，紐約Le Bernardin餐廳最優(yōu)秀的殺魚工的工作量是平均的3倍，最優(yōu)秀的賭場(chǎng)發(fā)牌員一般能夠保證他所在桌客人們玩牌時(shí)間是其他桌的5倍，諾德斯特龍百貨最優(yōu)秀的銷售員其銷售業(yè)績是平均的8倍。

Super-productive people?are in every industry. The most productive software developers write nine times more usable code per day than the average developer, according to?research?by Michael Mankins. He?also found?that the best fish butcher at Le Bernardin Restaurant in New York can prepare three times as much fish as the average,?the best blackjack dealer keeps?their table playing five times longer, and the best sales associate at Nordstrom sells eight times more clothes.

他們是怎么做到的？他們的同事通常都會(huì)猜想，我們也想知道。

How do they do it??That’s what their coworkers usually wonder. We wanted to know too.

我們收集了超過7000人的數(shù)據(jù)，他們的主管根據(jù)工作效率和48項(xiàng)具體行為對(duì)他們進(jìn)行評(píng)估。此外，每個(gè)人平均會(huì)被除主管外11個(gè)人進(jìn)行評(píng)估，包括同事、下屬還有其他人員。通過研究，我們確定了與高效率相關(guān)的特殊行為，即樣本排名前10%的行為，然后對(duì)此進(jìn)行要素分析。

We collected data on over 7,000 people who were rated by their manager on their level of their productivity and 48 specific behaviors. Each person was also rated by an average of 11 other people, including peers, subordinates, and others. We identified the specific behaviors that were correlated with high levels of productivity?— the top 10% in our sample?— and then performed a factor analysis.

1、制定有彈性的目標(biāo)

Set stretch goals.?

回想下你上個(gè)假期。你是否決定在你的房子或公寓周圍做一些工程？后來也許你只是四處逛逛，隨意做了一些事情?；蛘咭苍S你設(shè)定了一個(gè)重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目目標(biāo)，最后訝異于自己一天能完成的工作量。

Think about your last day off. Did you decide to do some projects around your house or apartment? Maybe you puttered around, doing a few small tasks in a random way. Or maybe you selected a major project to tackle and were amazed at how much you were able to get done in a day.

一個(gè)大的項(xiàng)目能鼓勵(lì)你排除萬難，找回自己的節(jié)奏。當(dāng)人們一心想要完成某個(gè)彈性目標(biāo)時(shí)，奇跡就發(fā)生了。在我們的調(diào)查中，這些工作效率超常的人已將制定彈性目標(biāo)作為習(xí)慣。

A big project encourages you to pick up your pace and eliminate all distractions. There is some great magic that occurs when people become riveted?by?the thought of achieving a stretch goal. The people in our study who got the most done made setting stretch goals a habit.

2、行為一致

Show consistency.?

我們都知道哪些人百分百值得信賴。如果他們說，“事情會(huì)完成的”，事情就一定會(huì)完成。在我們的調(diào)查中，工作效率超常的人，他們的效率不會(huì)隨著時(shí)間的變化而改變；他們不會(huì)只是為了能夠通宵工作而推延事情。相反，他們會(huì)找到持續(xù)推進(jìn)從而取得結(jié)果的方法，一周又一周，一月又一月。他們的工作有一種節(jié)奏，似乎能讓他們繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。

We all know people who are 100% reliable. If they say, “It will be done,” it will get done. In our study, the most productive people did not see their productivity ebb and flow over time; they didn’t procrastinate only to pull all-nighters later on. Instead, they figured out how to consistently deliver results, week after week and month after month. There was a cadence and a rhythm to their work that seemed to keep them going.

3、擁有知識(shí)和技術(shù)專長

Have knowledge and technical expertise.

沒有什么東西比缺乏知識(shí)或?qū)I(yè)知識(shí)能夠更快地扼殺了生產(chǎn)力。當(dāng)你知道你正在做什么，你就不需要為了速度犧牲質(zhì)量了。你可以做得又好又快。你不需要花時(shí)間上網(wǎng)尋找輔導(dǎo)或者向某個(gè)同事咨詢建議。在我們的調(diào)查中，效率最高的專業(yè)人員從不猶豫尋求幫助，當(dāng)他們需要時(shí)，但是他們通常都不需要。他們也會(huì)有意地獲得新技能，以及擴(kuò)大知識(shí)面。這有助他們?cè)趫?zhí)行過程中更加熟練、嚴(yán)格、快速。

?Few things kill productivity faster than a lack of knowledge or expertise. When you know what you’re doing, you don’t have to sacrifice quality for speed. You can get things done both quickly and well. You don’t need to spend time searching online for a good tutorial, or asking a colleague for advice. The most productive professionals in our study didn’t hesitate to ask for help when they needed it…but they didn’t need it that often. They also intentionally acquired new skills and worked to expand their expertise. That helped them be skillful, exacting, and quick in their execution.

4、結(jié)果導(dǎo)向

Drive for results.?

大多數(shù)人都愿意為實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)，按照合理的節(jié)奏去取得理想中的結(jié)果。但是少數(shù)人極為期望能夠更短、更快地實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)。每當(dāng)劃掉任務(wù)清單中的待做事項(xiàng)時(shí)，他們便欣喜若狂。他們充滿競爭力，他們不僅與同事競爭，還與自己競爭。他們樂于創(chuàng)造新的表現(xiàn)紀(jì)錄，然后打破自身的最佳紀(jì)錄。

Most people are willing to accept responsibility for accomplishing goals and to work at a reasonable pace to achieve expected results. But there are a few people who have a great desire to accomplish results sooner and quicker. They are overjoyed to be able to check something off their to-do list. They’re competitive?— and they compete not only with their colleagues but also with themselves. They like to set new records for performance and then beat their own best.?

5、預(yù)測(cè)和解決問題

Anticipate and solve problems.?

效率超常的人都是絕佳的問題解決者。他們提出創(chuàng)造性的解決方案，更有效率地完成工作。他們同樣也傾向于預(yù)測(cè)障礙，提前解決問題，因此可以避免他人會(huì)遇到的一些問題。社會(huì)心理學(xué)家稱此為心理對(duì)照，即思考你想要獲得什么，通過什么樣的方式你可以獲得，這有助于人們實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)。

The most productive people are great problem-solvers. They come up with innovative solutions and?accomplish work more efficiently. They also tend to anticipate roadblocks and begin working on solutions in advance, and so avoid some of the problems that other people run into. Social psychologists call this?mental contrasting?— thinking about what you want to achieve and what might get in the way of your achieving it?— and have found that it helps people achieve their goals.

6、積極主動(dòng)

Take initiative.?

對(duì)很多人來說，完成一份任務(wù)最困難的是開始。效率超常的人著手都很快，他們從來都不會(huì)等到被告知才去做。他們請(qǐng)求原諒而不是允許。實(shí)際上，他們的行為偏見時(shí)常會(huì)給他們帶來麻煩——比如，他們可能在所有相關(guān)方入伙之前就開始去做了。但是他們的老板很少會(huì)抱怨，因?yàn)榻Y(jié)果會(huì)為他們說話。

For many people, the hardest part of getting a job done is starting. The most productive people start quickly, and they never wait to be told to begin. They ask for forgiveness, not permission. And indeed, their bias for action can get them into trouble sometimes?— they might start executing a project before all parties have bought in, say. But their bosses rarely complain, because their results tend to speak for themselves.

7、具備合作性

Be collaborative.

聊到現(xiàn)在，我們似乎在形容一個(gè)很聰明的員工，他卻不能和他人很好地共處。然而，這并不是我們研究所顯示的。在現(xiàn)今復(fù)雜的組織中，很少有事情可以由個(gè)體單獨(dú)完成。每一件事都是高度共存的。在我們的調(diào)查中，效率超常的人通常都極具合作精神，能夠與他人很好地共事。他們并不需要花費(fèi)很多時(shí)間去撫平他人的羽毛，因?yàn)橐婚_始，他們就不會(huì)惹毛別人。

So far it might sound like we’re describing a person who is a brilliant individual worker but can’t work well with others. But that’s not what our study showed. In today’s complex organizations, very little gets done by someone acting alone. Everything is highly interdependent. The most productive people in our study were highly collaborative and worked well with others. They didn’t have to spend a lot of time soothing ruffled feathers, because they didn’t ruffle many feathers in the first place.

如果你希望成為更具有效率的自己，看看這個(gè)清單，問問是否有你可以提高的地方。你是否難以開始？你是否需要更具有持久性？如果你是個(gè)主管，希望幫助你的一個(gè)雇員能夠做更多的事情，問問自己，這里面是否有內(nèi)容可以起到作用。也許你的員工很努力，但是缺乏真正能夠提高效率的技能。你是否有幫助他們獲得？你是否有幫助他們?cè)O(shè)立激勵(lì)目標(biāo)？

If you want to be more productive yourself, take a look at this list and ask if there’s something you can improve. Do you struggle to get started? Could you be more consistent? If you’re a manager trying to help one of your employees get more done, ask yourself if there’s something here that could help. Maybe your employee is working hard but doesn’t have the skills they need to really increase their productivity. Can you help them get those skills? Can you help them set motivating stretch goals?

關(guān)鍵詞：自管理

杰克·曾格（Jack Zenger）、喬瑟夫·福克曼（Joseph Folkman）|文

杰克·曾格是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力發(fā)展咨詢公司 Zenger/Folkman 的 CEO。喬瑟夫·?？寺穷I(lǐng)導(dǎo)力發(fā)展咨詢公司Zenger/Folkman 的總裁。

周強(qiáng) | 編輯