據(jù)韓國警方，歌手具荷拉在家中死亡，由于沒有他殺嫌疑，警方將不對其進(jìn)行尸檢。

• Goo Ha-ra, a K-pop diva and member of girl band?KARA, was found dead Sunday at her home, police said.

• 據(jù)韓國警方，韓國流行女歌手、女團(tuán)KARA成員具荷拉24日被發(fā)現(xiàn)死于家中。

具荷拉死因目前尚未公布，據(jù)警方昨天的調(diào)查聲明，否認(rèn)了他人作案的嫌疑。

• At a press conference, the police said, "A pessimistic note about her life written in Hara's handwriting was discovered on the table in the living room.?At 6PM?yesterday evening, the housekeeper discovered Hara's body. After combining?on-site investigations as well as witness accounts, we have concluded that there is no crime."

• 在記者會上，警方稱，“我們在客廳的桌子上發(fā)現(xiàn)了一張具荷拉筆跡寫的便條，內(nèi)容透露出她對生活的悲觀情緒。24日晚6點，保姆發(fā)現(xiàn)了具荷拉的尸體。在結(jié)合現(xiàn)場調(diào)查和證人陳述后，我們得出結(jié)論，不存在犯罪行為。”

此外，韓方記者聯(lián)系了具荷拉生前最后的經(jīng)紀(jì)公司日本Keyeast制片公司，但Keyeast方面對韓國媒體表示：“與具荷拉的專屬合同到期后，就無法聯(lián)系到她了?！?/p>

具荷拉的死亡距離上一位明星意外離世還不到兩個月。

據(jù)韓聯(lián)社報道：

• The two were known to be close friends, and Goo mourned Sulli's death by sharing photo images of herself with Sulli on her Instagram account, saying, "Jin-ri (will be able to) to do as she wishes in the world over there." Jin-ri is Sulli's legal name.
  

• 具荷拉和雪莉是好友，在雪莉死后具在Ins上傳了兩人的合照來緬懷她，并發(fā)文“崔真理（將會）在天國做她想做的事了”。崔真理是雪莉真名。

今年初，鬧得沸沸揚揚的勝利夜店事件余波未平，現(xiàn)在韓國接連爆出女明星死亡的消息，又在社會上掀起一波輿論焦慮。

人們自然而然地會把這些事情聯(lián)系起來：韓國娛樂圈怎么了？

不妨看看外媒是怎么看的。

“我有抑郁癥，誰能幫幫我”

25日，《華盛頓郵報》發(fā)表文章稱，具荷拉的死亡突顯了韓國女星的壓力問題。

報道提到兩個時間點：具荷拉死前僅六個月，她曾自殺未遂；而不到六周前，她的朋友雪莉上吊自殺。

• The 28-year-old’s death came six months after she was found unconscious at her home in what local media described as a suicide attempt and less than six weeks after her friend and fellow K-pop singer Sulli was found dead in a suspected suicide.

她們的去世凸顯了K-pop明星們巨大的心理問題：

• Sulli’s death highlighted the huge pressures on K-pop stars, partly exerted by demanding fans, and the lack of mental health support in this country.
  

• 雪莉的死讓人們關(guān)注到了韓流明星們巨大的心理壓力問題。這些壓力有部分來自苛刻的粉絲，還有部分是因為這國家缺乏對明星心理健康的幫助。

• Both women, members of an industry in which female singers are not supposed to date or even live real lives but instead conform to rigid norms, had their private lives intensely examined in public and were the subject of hateful online comments.

• 這兩位女星所在的娛樂行業(yè)不準(zhǔn)女歌手約會，甚至過上正常人的生活。相反，她們還要遵守嚴(yán)格的規(guī)矩，私生活被公眾密切地審視著，自己則淪為網(wǎng)絡(luò)惡評的受害者。

然而，被迫承受著心理壓力的明星們，不是沒有向外界求助過：

• Last year, she took the rare step of?speaking out about her mental health issues, saying she had suffered from?panic disorder?since she was young and also had?social phobia.
  

• 2018年，雪莉罕見地邁出一步，承認(rèn)自己有心理問題，并稱從很早開始，自己就患上了恐慌癥，還有社交恐懼癥。

另據(jù)韓國媒體報道，雪莉此前一直在尋求周圍人的幫助。她曾請求公司和網(wǎng)民善待自己，但這個情況一直都沒有改變。

而具荷拉去年也曾因為男友的感情糾葛患上抑郁癥，這期間雖有抗?fàn)庍€振作起來，恢復(fù)了事業(yè)，但最終還是離開了……

雪崩時，沒有一片雪花承認(rèn)有罪

這些心理問題產(chǎn)生的根源一部分就來自不負(fù)責(zé)任的網(wǎng)絡(luò)惡評和謾罵。

同越來越多的韓國女歌手和演員一樣，雪莉和具荷拉也是被網(wǎng)絡(luò)謾罵的對象，這些謾罵往往來自匿名的男粉絲，他們對偶像拒絕遵守社會規(guī)范感到憤怒。

據(jù)《衛(wèi)報》報道：

• Her “crimes” had included live-streaming a drinking session with friends and her decision not to wear a bra in public. She also revealed that she was in a relationship at the zenith of her singing career, defying the industry’s carefully crafted image of young female stars as sexually desirable but inexperienced.

• 網(wǎng)友總結(jié)的雪莉的“罪行”包括，直播與朋友喝酒的過程、不在公共場合戴胸罩。在歌唱事業(yè)巔峰時期，雪莉透露自己正在戀愛，這打碎了娛樂界精心打造的年輕女星性感可愛，但缺乏戀愛經(jīng)驗的形象。

她還打破禁忌，主持了《惡評之夜》，講述網(wǎng)絡(luò)暴力對焦慮癥和社交恐懼癥的影響。

韓國建國大學(xué)（Konkuk University）身體與文化研究所（Institute of Body and Culture）韓國性別問題專家Yunkim Ji yeong教授說：“對于女明星應(yīng)當(dāng)如何表現(xiàn)，韓國社會存在著怎樣的固有錯誤，對此雪莉表達(dá)了她的看法。”

• “She expressed her views about what was intrinsically wrong in our society about how female stars are supposed to behave.”?

韓國《亞洲經(jīng)濟(jì)日報》也稱，各種形式的網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌（cyberbullying），在韓國早已成為一個社會問題。

• Various forms of cyberbullying such as online hate comments against celebrities have long been a social problem in South Korea. Some entertainers have committed suicide due to depression aggravated by malicious online comments. Sulli was put under a barrage of hate comments for many years for uploading images that they thought were provocative.

• 各種形式的網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌，比如針對名人的網(wǎng)絡(luò)仇恨言論，在韓國早已成為一個社會問題。一些藝人因網(wǎng)絡(luò)惡評加重抑郁而自殺。多年來，雪莉因為上傳被網(wǎng)友視為有挑逗性的圖片而招致一連串惡評。

同時，韓國的藝人培養(yǎng)體系也剝奪了年輕藝人接受心理輔導(dǎo)的機(jī)會，導(dǎo)致他們在面對惡評時無所適從。

首爾某精神病診所的主任醫(yī)師Park Jong-seok告訴《韓國時報》（Korea Times）：

• “Many celebrities who debuted at young ages suffer from depression and anxiety as they have to live in the public eye. They can be vulnerable if they get too much attention. They go through adolescence without experiencing genuine friendships and stability with peer groups.”

• “許多在年少時就出道的藝人，因為不得不生活在公眾的視野中而遭受抑郁和焦慮的折磨。他們在青春期時，就沒有與同齡人建立起真摯的友誼和團(tuán)結(jié)穩(wěn)定的關(guān)系。”

韓流樂壇的陰暗面

相比韓國媒體僅停留在惡評和心理問題上，對女星頻頻死亡的悲劇，其他國家媒體的分析則更加大膽、透徹。

本月初，彭博社發(fā)表文章，報道了韓國流行樂壇的陰暗面。

這篇文章黑底白字，配圖也都是黑白色，排版風(fēng)格壓抑，讓你在閱讀之前就有一種被陰影籠罩的感覺。

彭博社這篇開頭就將K-pop賦予了精神性能：

• If K-pop has a spiritual home, it’s probably SMTown.?

• 如果K-pop有一個精神家園，那可能就是SMTown。

眾所周知，SMTown這座位于首爾富裕的江南區(qū)的六層建筑群由SM娛樂公司（SM Entertainment Co.）運營，是韓國最成功的文化出口的圣地。

這所能夠代表韓娛的“精神家園”的里面長什么樣？彭博社介紹說：

• The lobby walls are covered with framed black-and-white headshots of SM’s “idols,” as K-pop stars are known.

• 大廳的墻壁上掛滿了SM公司韓流明星“偶像”的黑白頭像。

男團(tuán)SHINee的照片也在其中。

2017年12月，SHINee主唱金鐘鉉在首爾公寓里自殺身亡。

報道說，如果把27歲的金鐘鉉放在西方國家，他可能會和其他巨星一樣被銘記，比如在那個年齡去世的吉米·亨德里克斯（Jimi Hendrix）和艾米·懷恩豪斯（Amy Winehouse）。

但在這個“名人堂”上，他的信息被刻意隱去了，好像一切都沒發(fā)生：

• But at SMTown, Kim’s death never happened. An otherwise detailed chronology of the band makes no mention of it; on one side of the relevant date he’s in the photos, and on the other he isn’t.

• 但在SMTown，金鐘鉉的死從未發(fā)生過。關(guān)于男團(tuán)另一份詳細(xì)年鑒上，對他的自殺只字未提；在一側(cè)相關(guān)日期的照片里有他的身影，而在另一側(cè)則沒有。

這與韓國培養(yǎng)明星的套路不無關(guān)系，彭博社稱之為“流水線生產(chǎn)”（conveyor-belt production?）：

• Promising stars are put through a gruelling training schedule as they pass along the conveyor-belt production of new girl- and boybands. Young stars are subjected to strict controls over their private lives, including bans on dating, restrictions on mobile phone use and an expectation that they will sacrifice their health to achieve the desired image.

• 有前途的明星們被公司流水線式地以新的男/女團(tuán)體的形式推出，這期間他們會經(jīng)歷艱苦的訓(xùn)練。年輕明星的私生活受到嚴(yán)格管制，包括禁止約會、限制使用手機(jī)以及犧牲健康來達(dá)到理想形象的期望。

但每個K-pop偶像都有老板，沒有誰不可替代。

• No one in K-pop is indispensable; no idol, no matter how popular, is bigger than the machine.

• 在K-pop圈里，沒有誰是不能替代的。不管某個偶像多受歡迎，都不能比這個機(jī)器更強(qiáng)大。

活著的時候是萬眾矚目的巨星，公司為你宣傳?？梢坏┧廊?，不管曾經(jīng)多紅多火，公司總能默默地抹去關(guān)于他的記錄，過程只不過是把相片換下來而已，一個人兩個人……所有離開的明星們都是如此“待遇”。

而女星在娛樂圈的生存更加困難，她們常常是性侵的對象。

• Government statistics show that sexual assault and harassment are widespread, though fear of stigmatization means few go public with their experiences.?

• 韓國政府的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)顯示，性侵犯和性騷擾是普遍存在的，盡管害怕被污名讓極少人敢于公開自己的經(jīng)歷。

曾經(jīng)在夜總會，包括勝利事件的Burning Sun夜店工作過的Joo Won kyu站出來，在一次采訪中抨擊韓國的“精英性交易文化（a culture of sex trafficking by elites）”，女性被當(dāng)成一次性用品。

• He described Gangnam, where K-pop idols and executives rub shoulders with South Korea’s wealthiest and most connected citizens, as “a male-dominated society” that treats women as disposable.?

• 他將韓國江南區(qū)，這個韓國流行偶像和高管與韓國最富有、最有人脈的人密切交往的地方，形容為“一個男性主導(dǎo)的社會”。在這個“社會”，女性被視為一次性用品。

• The idol system, he said, has contributed to this culture. “A lot of K-pop idols train from age 9. When they gain?some success and popularity, they become like kings.”

• 他說，偶像制度助長了這種文化。“很多K-pop偶像都是從9歲開始訓(xùn)練的。當(dāng)他們獲得一些成功和聲望時，他們就成了國王。”

如果你隨便去搜一搜，一定能找到很多女明星被侵犯的新聞，這里我們不再沉重地細(xì)數(shù)。

前SM高管、娛樂集團(tuán)CJ ENM公司的鄭昌桓（Jeong Changhwan）表示“年輕偶像最好的老師是看到其他偶像陷入丑聞并從行業(yè)中消失。”

• ?“The best teacher for young idols is to see fellow idols get into a scandal and disappear from the industry.”?

所以這個行業(yè)內(nèi)部千瘡百孔，為什么難以改變？

這里，彭博社提到了娛樂產(chǎn)業(yè)對韓國經(jīng)濟(jì)甚至整個社會的深遠(yuǎn)影響。

• Given K-pop’s titanic cultural and economic significance—the revenue of the four largest K-pop companies in 2018 was about $1.1 billion, according to music export agency DFSB Kollective—a real change in how it operates could shift attitudes in South Korea as a whole.
  

• 根據(jù)音樂出口機(jī)構(gòu)DFSB kolective的數(shù)據(jù)，考慮到K-pop在文化和經(jīng)濟(jì)方面的巨大意義，2018年四大K-pop公司的收入約為11億美元，如果K-pop運營方式發(fā)生實質(zhì)性變動，就可能撼動整個韓國的態(tài)度。

而更悲哀的是，很多男孩女孩現(xiàn)在仍然被“造星機(jī)制”吸引。

他們想要踏進(jìn)娛樂圈，門檻只有一個，不是藝術(shù)追求，而是“只要你缺錢”。

在韓國DSP公司的練習(xí)室里，孩子們正在努力訓(xùn)練：

• “When I was watching TV as a young girl, I thought those idol groups looked so good, and I wanted to become like them,” said a 15-year-old trainee.?
  

• 一位15歲的學(xué)員說：“小時候看電視的時候，我覺得那些偶像團(tuán)體看起來很不錯，我想變得像他們一樣?！?/span>

• Her motivations, though, were more material than artistic. “My goal is to buy my parents a house,” she said with a giggle.

• 不過，她的動機(jī)更多的是物質(zhì)上的，而不是藝術(shù)上的?！?span id="s0sssss00s" class="color-pink-04">我的目標(biāo)是給父母買房子，”她笑著說。

在《衛(wèi)報》上，一位用戶寫道：“我認(rèn)為（人們）為韓國娛樂業(yè)感到羞恥的一天肯定會到來”。

“一個（讓藝人）從青少年時期就通過唱歌、跳舞、做整形手術(shù)和節(jié)食取悅別人來賺錢的行業(yè)，就應(yīng)該崩塌?！?/span>

• “I think a day where [people] would be ashamed of the K-showbusiness will surely come,” one user wrote. “I think an industry that makes money by [making people] sing, dance, undergo plastic surgeries and go on a diet to please the gaze of others since they are teenagers should really go bankrupt.”
  

來源：中國日報雙語新聞（ID：Chinadaily_Mobile）

編輯：白帆

參考：彭博社?華盛頓郵報?衛(wèi)報?韓聯(lián)社?亞洲經(jīng)濟(jì)日報

運營實習(xí)生：李懿