蘇聯(lián)級戰(zhàn)列艦減配青春版
考慮到蘇聯(lián)級的昂貴造價和大量新技術(shù)運用使得蘇聯(lián)不可能在戰(zhàn)前完成建造,如果使用戰(zhàn)前蘇聯(lián)掌握的技術(shù)和成熟設(shè)備,以及更低的成本能夠建造一種怎樣的戰(zhàn)列艦呢?
以1936年A型戰(zhàn)列艦技術(shù)指標為參考,采用戰(zhàn)前已經(jīng)服役或者試制的設(shè)備,使用條約戰(zhàn)列艦的思路大幅壓縮排水量。
動力裝置采用兩套7型驅(qū)逐艦的動力組(增強型可采用26型巡洋艦動力)。主炮采用奧布霍夫斯基1914型406毫米L45改進型。副炮為B2LM雙130(塔什干和火力級主炮),高炮為76毫米雙聯(lián)裝39K和雙37毫米V11。主裝為280+50毫米,雙層剝被帽體系(外層50毫米高硬度裝甲板5度傾斜布置,內(nèi)層280毫米表面硬化裝甲10度傾斜布置,中間間隔400-650毫米空間,外板和主裝之間的支撐結(jié)構(gòu)可以兼做承力)。TDS寬度4.5米,多層縱向隔板。
SPS分析
1936 TAPY A, USSR BATTLESHIP laid down 1936
Displacement:
35,455 t light; 37,693 t standard; 39,693 t normal; 41,292 t full load
Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
(751.20 ft / 738.19 ft) x 98.43 ft (Bulges 101.71 ft) x (30.84 / 31.89 ft)
(228.97 m / 225.00 m) x 30.00 m (Bulges 31.00 m)? x (9.40 / 9.72 m)
Armament:
? ? ? 9 - 15.98" / 406 mm 45.0 cal guns - 2,248.72lbs / 1,020.00kg shells, 120 per gun
? Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1936 Model
? 3 x 3-gun mounts on centreline, evenly spread
1 raised mount
? Aft Main mounts separated by engine room
? ? ? 14 - 5.12" / 130 mm 50.0 cal guns - 70.97lbs / 32.19kg shells, 150 per gun
? Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1936 Model
? 6 x 2-gun mounts on sides, evenly spread
2 raised mounts
? 1 x 2-gun mount on centreline, aft deck aft
1 raised mount
? ? ? 8 - 2.99" / 76.0 mm 45.0 cal guns - 13.51lbs / 6.13kg shells, 150 per gun
? Breech loading guns in deck mounts, 1936 Model
? 4 x 2-gun mounts on sides, evenly spread
4 raised mounts
? ? ? 20 - 1.46" / 37.0 mm 60.0 cal guns - 1.69lbs / 0.77kg shells, 150 per gun
? Breech loading guns in deck mounts, 1936 Model
? 10 x 2-gun mounts on centreline, evenly spread
6 raised mounts
? ? ? Weight of broadside 21,374 lbs / 9,695 kg
Armour:
? ?- Belts:Width (max)Length (avg)Height (avg)
Main:13.0" / 330 mm479.00 ft / 146.00 m16.40 ft / 5.00 m
Ends:Unarmoured
? Main Belt covers 100% of normal length
? ?- Torpedo Bulkhead:
1.18" / 30 mm479.00 ft / 146.00 m26.25 ft / 8.00 m
? ?- Gun armour:Face (max)Other gunhouse (avg)Barbette/hoist (max)
Main:15.7" / 400 mm5.91" / 150 mm15.4" / 390 mm
2nd:3.94" / 100 mm1.97" / 50 mm4.72" / 120 mm
? ?- Armoured deck - multiple decks: 5.91" / 150 mm For and Aft decks
? ?- Conning towers: Forward 14.96" / 380 mm,? Aft 0.00" / 0 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,?
Direct drive, 4 shafts, 116,054 shp / 86,577 Kw = 28.00 kts
Range 8,000nm at 14.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 3,600 tons
Complement:
1,405 - 1,827
Cost:
£18.653 million / $74.614 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 4,013 tons, 10.1%
Armour: 13,485 tons, 34.0%
? ?- Belts: 4,363 tons, 11.0%
? ?- Torpedo bulkhead: 549 tons, 1.4%
? ?- Armament: 3,436 tons, 8.7%
? ?- Armour Deck: 4,761 tons, 12.0%
? ?- Conning Tower: 375 tons, 0.9%
Machinery: 3,256 tons, 8.2%
Hull, fittings & equipment: 14,700 tons, 37.0%
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 4,237 tons, 10.7%
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0%
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
? 51,423 lbs / 23,325 Kg = 25.2 x 16.0 " / 406 mm shells or 7.5 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.11
Metacentric height 5.9 ft / 1.8 m
Roll period: 17.6 seconds
Steadiness- As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 52 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.75
Seaboat quality? (Average = 1.00): 1.04
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck,
? a straight bulbous bow and a round stern
Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.600 / 0.604
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.26 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 27.17 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 51 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 15.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 4.92 ft / 1.50 m
Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
Fore end,?Aft end
? ?- Forecastle:20.00%,? 30.18 ft / 9.20 m,? 21.33 ft / 6.50 m
? ?- Forward deck:30.00%,? 21.33 ft / 6.50 m,? 18.04 ft / 5.50 m
? ?- Aft deck:35.00%,? 18.04 ft / 5.50 m,? 18.04 ft / 5.50 m
? ?- Quarter deck:15.00%,? 18.04 ft / 5.50 m,? 19.69 ft / 6.00 m
? ?- Average freeboard:20.02 ft / 6.10 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space- Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 87.6%
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 135.5%
Waterplane Area: 53,140 Square feet or 4,937 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 106%
Structure weight / hull surface area: 222 lbs/sq ft or 1,086 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 1.00
- Longitudinal: 1.30
- Overall: 1.02
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
第一次gao船體3D建模,做得比較簡陋



雖然減配,但對付蛐蛐還是綽綽有余的。
有人認為增加裝甲傾斜角度可以不付出結(jié)構(gòu)重量的代價,甚至大厚度主裝采用20度以上傾斜布置具備普遍可操作性。裝甲是安裝在船體結(jié)構(gòu)上的,垂直安裝的裝甲只給船體結(jié)構(gòu)帶來垂直方向的荷載,船體結(jié)構(gòu)無論是肋骨還是舷側(cè)的縱向承力結(jié)構(gòu)都適合承受垂直方向的荷載。而如果裝甲外傾布置,舷側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)就不僅承受垂直方向荷載,還承受傾斜裝甲通過螺栓傳遞給結(jié)構(gòu)向外牽拉的應力,舷側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)勢必要進行加強,特別是大厚度裝甲造成的外拉應力更大,需要進行的結(jié)構(gòu)補強也就更多(裝甲薄的巡洋艦采用較大裝甲傾角付出的結(jié)構(gòu)代價要小得多)。
如果考慮傾斜裝甲所要付出的安裝結(jié)構(gòu)重量,那么未必有直接加厚裝甲來得實在。況且由于存在炮彈轉(zhuǎn)正效應,小于60度彈著角傾斜裝甲并不能等效法線厚度的垂直裝甲(實際上并不能節(jié)省重量)。
總之考慮船體結(jié)構(gòu)、裝甲厚度、傾斜裝甲并非萬金油,隨著距離增加,炮彈入射角變大,傾斜裝甲的優(yōu)勢才會明顯。
有人認為蘇聯(lián)級50毫米水平裝甲應該挪到155毫米水平裝甲上面,以為這樣可以形成剝被帽體系,但是剝被帽靠的是炮彈本身的動能,大角度拋射下落的炮彈存速并不高,撞擊50毫米裝甲的結(jié)果大概率僅僅是讓炮彈減速,而不能有效剝離被帽。相反,在155裝甲下安裝50毫米裝甲可以在萬一155裝甲發(fā)生崩落的情況下作為裝甲內(nèi)襯(假如采用類似意大利的高硬度水平裝甲,發(fā)生這種情況的概率就很大)。