原文標(biāo)題：
The future of the car
Driven away
Around the world, the young seem to be falling out of love with cars
汽車的未來
漸行漸遠
世界各地的年輕人似乎對汽車失去了興趣

That could have big political ramifications
這可能會產(chǎn)生一些重大的政治影響

[Paragraph 1]
FOR ADAH CRANDALL, a high-school student in Portland, Oregon, a daily annoyance is family members asking when she is going to learn to drive.
對于家住俄勒岡州波特蘭市的高中生阿達.克蘭德爾來說，每天煩惱的事情就是要面對家人催促學(xué)車。

[Paragraph 2]
Few technologies defined the 20th century more than the car. On the surface, the love affair with the personal automobile continues unabated into this century.
如果用一個詞描述20世紀(jì)，莫過于“汽車”一詞。從表面上看，21世紀(jì)人們對私家車的熱愛絲毫未減。

The number of drivers on the world’s roads continues to rise almost everywhere. The distance driven by American motorists hit a new peak last year, according to data from the Federal Highway Administration.
世界各地汽車和司機的數(shù)量持續(xù)增加。美國聯(lián)邦公路管理局的數(shù)據(jù)表明，去年美國汽車行駛路程創(chuàng)新高。

But there are hints that this is changing. People like Ms Crandall show why.
但有跡象表明，汽車情況正在發(fā)生變化。克蘭德爾等年輕人揭示了原因所在。

Getting a driving licence was once a nearly universal rite of passage into adulthood. Now it is something that a growing minority of young people either ignore or actively oppose, into their 20s and beyond.
拿駕照曾經(jīng)是步入成年的必經(jīng)過程?，F(xiàn)在，越來越多20幾歲的年輕人忽視駕照或明確表示不想考駕照，雖然從數(shù)量上說，他們?nèi)允巧贁?shù)。

[Paragraph 3]
That, in turn, is starting to create more support for a anti-car policies being passed in cities around the world.
反過來，這也促進了世界各地城市“禁車政策”的通過。

From New York to Norway, a growing number of cities and local politicians are passing anti-car laws, ripping out parking spaces, blocking off roads and changing planning rules to favour pedestrians over drivers.
從紐約到挪威，越來越多的城市和政客們正在通過《禁車法》，如拆除停車位，封鎖道路，更改城市規(guī)劃和制度，以利于行人而非司機。

[Paragraph 4]
Campaigners detect a sea change.
活動人士察覺到了巨大變化。

Even a few years ago “there was a sense that we were the weirdos,” says Doug Gordon, a founder of “The War on Cars”, a podcast based in New York.
紐約播客《汽車之戰(zhàn)》的創(chuàng)始人道格·戈說：幾年前，“有一種感覺，我們是人們眼中的怪人?！?br>
Now, he says, “more and more elected officials are adopting positions that were [until recently] on the fringe.”
他說，“越來越多的民選官員正在采納汽車觀點，盡管近期這類觀點仍處于邊緣?！?/span>

After a century in which the car remade the rich world, making possible everything from suburbs and supermarkets to drive-through restaurants and rush-hour traffic jams, the momentum may be beginning to swing the other way.
在汽車重塑發(fā)達國家的一個世紀(jì)中，萬事皆可實現(xiàn)，郊區(qū)、超市、汽車穿梭餐廳、高峰時段的交通堵塞等，而這種勢頭可能正在開始向另一個方向轉(zhuǎn)變。

[Paragraph 5]
Start with the demography, and in the country most shaped by the car.
從美國的（受汽車影響最多的國家）人口統(tǒng)計開始研究。

The average American driver goes much farther every year than most of his or her rich-world contemporaries: around 14,300 miles (23,000km) in 2022, which is about twice as far as the typical Frenchman.
美國司機平均每年的行程比其他大多數(shù)發(fā)達國家更遠：2022年約為14300英里（23000公里），大約是普通法國人的2倍。

Nearly a century of road-building has resulted in sprawling cities, in which it is hard to get around in any other way.
近一個世紀(jì)的道路建設(shè)使城市向外蔓延擴張，因為很難有其他辦法應(yīng)對。

The city of Jacksonville, Florida, for instance, spreads across 875 square miles. With around 1m residents, that makes it only about twice as densely populated as the whole of England, only around 8% of which is classified as “urban”.
例如，佛羅里達州杰克遜維爾市的面積為875平方英里，約有100萬居民，它的人口密度是整個英格蘭的2倍，其中只有8%的面積被劃為“市區(qū)”。

[Paragraph 6]
In the suburbs I learned to drive
在郊區(qū)我學(xué)會了開車

The Supreme Court said in 1977 that having a car was a “virtual necessity” for anyone living in America.
1977年最高法院表示，對于任何生活在美國的人來說，擁有一輛汽車“幾乎是必要的”。

By 1997, 43% of the country’s 16-year-olds had driving licences. But in 2020, the most recent year for which figures are available, the number had fallen to just 25%.
到1997年，全國43%的16歲青少年有駕照。但在2020年，即有數(shù)據(jù)可查的最近一年，這一數(shù)字已降至25%。

Nor is it just teenagers. One in five Americans aged between 20 and 24 does not have a licence, up from just one in 12 in 1983.
數(shù)字下降不僅限于青少年群體。1/5的20歲-24歲的美國人沒有駕照，而1983年這一數(shù)字是1/12。

The proportion of people with licences has fallen for every age group under 40, and on the latest data, is still falling. And even those who do have them are driving less.
40歲以下每個年齡組的持照人數(shù)比例都有所下降，最新數(shù)據(jù)顯示，持照人數(shù)仍在下降。而那些有駕照的人，開車頻率也降低了。

Between 1990 and 2017 the distance driven by teenage drivers in America declined by 35%, and those aged 20-34 by 18%.
1990年至2017年間，美國青少年司機的行駛路程下降了35%，20-34歲司機的行駛路程下降了18%。

It is entirely older drivers who account for still increasing traffic, as baby-boomers who grew up with cars do not give them up in retirement.
道路交通的增加完全來自于大齡司機，因為嬰兒潮世代退休了不會放棄開車，他們是同汽車一起成長的一代。

[Paragraph 7]
A similar trend is well-established in Europe.
歐洲也有類似的趨勢。

In Britain the proportion of teenagers able to drive has almost halved, from 41% to 21%, in the past 20 years.
在過去的20年里，英國會開車的青少年比例幾乎減半，從41%降至21%。

Across the countries of the European Union there are more cars than ever. Yet even before the covid-19 lockdowns emptied the roads, the average distance travelled by each one had fallen by more than a tenth since the turn of the millennium.
歐盟各國的汽車不計其數(shù)。然而，2000-2019年間，每個人的平均行駛距離已經(jīng)下降了1/10以上。

(The exceptions were relatively new member states such as Poland.) Even in Germany, where the internal-combustion engine is an economic totem, drivers are pushing the brakes.
（波蘭等新歐盟成員國除外。）甚至在汽車占經(jīng)濟重要地位的德國，那里司機開車的頻率也在下降。

[Paragraph 8]
No one is entirely sure why young adults are proving resistant to the charms of owning a set of wheels.
為什么年輕人開車欲望降低，沒人100%清楚。

The growth of the internet is one obvious possibility—the more you can shop online, or stream films at home, the less need there is to drive into town.
互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)展顯然是原因之一--網(wǎng)購或在家里觀影的次數(shù)越多，開車進城的需求就越少。

The rise of taxi apps such as Uber and Lyft has almost certainly contributed as well, as have higher insurance premiums for young drivers.
優(yōu)步和來福車等打車軟件的興起也起到一定的作用，因為年輕司機自己開車的話就要承擔(dān)更高的保險費用。

Driving generally is more expensive. In America the average cost of owning a vehicle and driving 15,000 miles in it rose by 11% in 2022, to nearly $11,000.
開車通常比較貴。在美國，擁有一輛汽車并行駛1.5萬英里的平均成本增長了11%，2022年的成本達到近1.1美元。

[Paragraph 9]
Other reasons seem more cultural. One big motivator, at least for the most committed, is worries about climate change.
其他更多的是文化原因。至少對最堅定的人來說，不開車是因為擔(dān)心氣候變化。

（恭喜讀完，本篇英語詞匯量884/1634左右，有刪減）
原文出自：2023年2月18日《The Economist》International版塊。

精讀筆記來源于：自由英語之路

本文翻譯整理: Irene本文編輯校對: Irene
僅供個人英語學(xué)習(xí)交流使用。

【補充資料】（來自于網(wǎng)絡(luò)）
汽車穿梭餐廳模式起源于經(jīng)濟高度發(fā)展和汽車擁有量快速增長的20世紀(jì)中期的美國。是一種建有專用車道通向餐廳，消費者足不出車，通過車窗就可買到食品，省時便捷。“汽車穿梭(Drivethrough)餐廳”是一種主要為汽車駕駛者服務(wù)的餐廳。這種餐廳在汽車普及率很高的發(fā)達國家已非常普遍，許多國外肯德基餐廳都設(shè)有這樣的購買窗口，在中國，專門為駕駛者提供飲食服務(wù)的餐廳漸漸也出現(xiàn)了。汽車穿梭餐廳與普通餐廳不同之處在于環(huán)繞餐廳外圍設(shè)有一條長約100米左右的汽車穿梭專用車道，最少可以容納6－7輛汽車排隊購餐。

美國聯(lián)邦公路管理局的初步數(shù)據(jù)顯示，美國人在 2022 年第一季度行駛了 402 億英里（647 億公里）。車輛一年行駛2至3萬公里為正常。

杰克遜維爾市位于美國南部佛羅里達州東北部，系全美第15大城市，城市面積840平方英里（2150平方公里），人口100余萬，從地理意義上說是美國最大的城市。

“嬰兒潮世代”（Babyboomers）早已是家喻戶曉的名詞。在二戰(zhàn)之后的1946—1964年間，美國共有七千五百九十多萬嬰兒出生，約占美國總?cè)丝诘娜种?。如今這群人正是人到中年的壯年族和美國社會的中堅力量。

【重點句子】（3?個）
Getting a driving licence was once a nearly universal rite of passage into adulthood. Now it is something that a growing minority of young people either ignore or actively oppose, into their 20s and beyond.
拿駕照曾經(jīng)是步入成年的必經(jīng)過程?，F(xiàn)在，越來越多20幾歲的年輕人忽視駕照或明確表示不想考駕照，雖然從數(shù)量上說，他們?nèi)允巧贁?shù)。

After a century in which the car remade the rich world, making possible everything from suburbs and supermarkets to drive-through restaurants and rush-hour traffic jams, the momentum may be beginning to swing the other way.
在汽車重塑發(fā)達國家的一個世紀(jì)中，萬事皆可實現(xiàn)，郊區(qū)、超市、汽車穿梭餐廳、高峰時段的交通堵塞等，而這種勢頭可能正在開始向另一個方向轉(zhuǎn)變。

The growth of the internet is one obvious possibility—the more you can shop online, or stream films at home, the less need there is to drive into town.
互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)展顯然是原因之一--網(wǎng)購或在家里觀影的次數(shù)越多，開車進城的需求就越少。