A determined people

一個(gè)意志堅(jiān)定的人

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Even where police brutality is rarer, attention has turned to domestic racism. In Melksham, a small town in England, 120 people gathered on June 7th to protest against it. Some 97% of the town’s inhabitants are white. It has not seen a major protest since woollen-mill workers rioted in 1802. “White privilege doesn’t mean your life hasn’t been hard,” Botan Williams, the event’s 15-year-old organiser, told the crowd, “it just means your skin colour isn’t one of the things making it harder.”

即使在警察暴力很少的地方，人們的注意力也已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)向了國內(nèi)的種族主義。6月7日，在英格蘭小鎮(zhèn)梅爾克舍姆，120人聚集在一起抗議該法案。該鎮(zhèn)約97%的居民是白人。自1802年紡織廠工人騷亂以來，這里還沒有發(fā)生過大規(guī)模抗議活動(dòng)?！鞍兹颂貦?quán)并不意味著你們的生活不艱難，”該活動(dòng)的組織者、15歲的博坦·威廉姆斯(Botan Williams)對人群說，“這只是意味著你們的膚色不是造成困難的因素之一。”

詞匯

Brutality/殘忍；暴行

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Throughout Britain demonstrators have echoed their American counterparts, chanting “hands up, don’t shoot” at (unarmed) police. Placards named black victims of British police violence: Mark Duggan, Rashan Charles and Edson Da Costa. Black people are just 3% of the population in England and Wales but 12% of prisoners. Black men are stopped and searched at nine times the rate of white men.

整個(gè)英國的游行者都和美國同行一樣，對(手無寸鐵的)警察高喊“舉起手來，不要開槍”。海報(bào)上寫著英國警察暴力事件中的黑人受害者:馬克·達(dá)根（Mark Duggan）、拉善·查爾斯（Rashan Charles）和埃德森·達(dá)·科斯塔（Edson Da Costa）。在英格蘭和威爾士，黑人只占人口的3%，但在囚犯中卻占12%。黑人被攔下和搜查的比率是白人的九倍。

詞匯

Echo/隨聲附和；發(fā)出回聲

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Similarly in Australia Aboriginals and Torres Strait islanders are just over 3% of the overall population but 29% of those in prison. An indigenous female Australian is more likely to be behind bars than a non-indigenous male. Scott Morrison, the conservative prime minister, says: “There is no need to import things happening in other countries here to Australia” because “Australia is a fair country...[it] is not the United States.” Protesters were unconvinced. Indigenous Australians are poorer and less healthy—and have less access to housing, land, education and social workers—than other Australians.

類似地，在澳大利亞，土著居民和托雷斯海峽（Torres Strait）島民僅占總?cè)丝诘?%多一點(diǎn)，但在監(jiān)獄中卻占29%。澳大利亞本土女性比非本土男性更容易入獄。英國保守黨總理斯科特?莫里森(Scott Morrison)表示:“沒有必要把其它國家發(fā)生的事情引入澳大利亞”，因?yàn)椤鞍拇罄麃喪且粋€(gè)公平的國家……(它)不是美國?？棺h者對此并不信服。與其他澳大利亞人相比，土著澳大利亞人更貧窮，健康狀況更差，獲得住房、土地、教育和社會(huì)服務(wù)的機(jī)會(huì)也更少。

詞匯

Aboriginal/澳大利亞土著居民

Indigenous/本土的；土著的

The first demonstration in France since Mr Floyd’s death brought 20,000 people carrying “Black Lives Matter” banners to the main Paris courthouse on June 2nd. It centred on a French controversy: the death in 2016 of Adama Traoré, a 24-year-old who was pinned to the ground by police officers during his arrest. A medical report released on the morning of the demonstration suggested that he was asphyxiated. The Floyd protests carry particular resonance in the banlieues, high-rise estates where friction between the police and residents, many of them of immigrant origin, frames daily life. This distrust can erupt into confrontation, violence and, occasionally, death. There were 19 deaths in France during police operations last year.

6月2日，在弗洛伊德死后的第一次游行中，兩萬名抗議者舉著“黑人的生命也是重要的”的橫幅來到巴黎主法院。人群圍繞著一起法國的爭議的案件:2016年，24歲的阿達(dá)瑪·特勞雷(Adama Traore)在被捕時(shí)被警察壓在地上死亡。示威當(dāng)天上午公布的一份醫(yī)療報(bào)告顯示，他是窒息而死。佛洛伊德的抗議活動(dòng)在郊區(qū)和高層住宅區(qū)引起了特別的共鳴，在那里，警察和居民(其中許多是移民)之間的摩擦構(gòu)成了人們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹幕{(diào)。這種不信任可能會(huì)爆發(fā)對抗、暴力，有時(shí)甚至導(dǎo)致死亡。去年法國警方的行動(dòng)中有19人死亡。

詞匯

Asphyxiate/窒息

Resonance/共振；共鳴

Banlieues/郊區(qū)

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France is the first European country where the protests have changed policy. Earlier this year, after a motorbike courier died of asphyxiation during his arrest in Paris, President Emmanuel Macron asked Christophe Castaner, his interior minister, to come up with ways to “improve police ethics”. On June 8th those proposals were hastily put together. Mr Castaner acknowledged racism within the police force, and said that choke holds would be banned. France would take a “zero tolerance” approach to racism, he declared.

法國是第一個(gè)抗議改變政策的歐洲國家。今年早些時(shí)候，一名摩托車信使在巴黎被捕時(shí)死于窒息，法國總統(tǒng)埃馬紐埃爾?馬克龍（Emmanuel Macron）要求內(nèi)政部長克里斯托夫?卡斯塔納（Christophe Castaner）想出“提高警察道德”的辦法。6月8日，這些提議被匆忙地拼湊在一起?？ㄋ顾{承認(rèn)警察內(nèi)部存在種族主義，并表示將禁止“鎖喉”。他宣稱，法國將對種族主義采取“零容忍”態(tài)度。

詞匯

choke hold/鎖喉

Before the protests, New Zealand was mulling whether to equip more of its usually unarmed police with guns. Evaluation of a six-month trial was to have been completed by the end of June. But on June 9th the head of police said he had received over 4,000 letters in a week, and that the plan would be permanently scrapped.

在抗議活動(dòng)之前，新西蘭正在考慮是否要讓更多平時(shí)手無寸鐵的警察配備槍支。6個(gè)月試驗(yàn)的評估將于6月底完成。但6月9日，警察局長表示，他在一周內(nèi)就收到了4000多封信，該計(jì)劃將被永久取消。

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Some Europeans have deplored American racism while failing to see the parallels in their own countries. Europe’s biggest Black Lives Matter rallies were in Germany. Signs in English were far more prominent than German ones. In Spain, too, demonstrators mostly condemned American racism, with only cursory mentions of Europe’s treatment of African migrants. There were few mentions of Europe’s widespread religious discrimination against Muslims.

一些歐洲人譴責(zé)美國的種族主義，卻沒有看到自己國家的相似之處。歐洲最大的“黑人生命重要”集會(huì)發(fā)生在德國。英語標(biāo)識比德語標(biāo)識更顯眼。在西班牙，同樣的，示威者大多譴責(zé)美國的種族主義，對歐洲對待非洲移民的方式只字未提。很少有人提到歐洲對穆斯林普遍存在的宗教歧視。

詞匯

Cursory/粗略的；草率的

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Europeans are sometimes complacent about racism. Granted, European police shoot far fewer people than American police do. But this is largely because they are less likely to be shot at. Last year 48 police were killed—most of them shot— in the line of duty in America; in Britain one was.

歐洲人有時(shí)對種族主義沾沾自喜。誠然，歐洲警察射殺的人數(shù)比美國警察少得多。但這很大程度上是因?yàn)樗麄儾惶赡鼙粯寭?。去年?8名警察在美國執(zhí)行任務(wù)時(shí)被殺，其中大部分是被槍殺的;但在英國僅有1例。

詞匯

Complacent/ ?自滿的；得意的；

Measuring prejudice is hard. Racist attitudes have been socially unacceptable nearly everywhere for decades, so many who harbour them will not admit it to pollsters. But some do. And according to a recent international World Values Survey, more Germans and Dutch say they would not want “people of another race” as neighbours than Americans (see chart 2).

衡量偏見是困難的。幾十年來，種族主義態(tài)度在社會(huì)上幾乎在任何地方都是不可接受的，因此許多懷有這種態(tài)度的人不會(huì)向民調(diào)機(jī)構(gòu)承認(rèn)。但部分人敢于袒露真言。根據(jù)最近的國際世界價(jià)值觀調(diào)查，與美國人相比，更多的德國人和荷蘭人表示他們不想要“其他種族的人”作為鄰居(見表2)。

詞匯

Harbour/心懷，懷有

Pollster/民意測驗(yàn)專家

Ethnic profiling by police is illegal in most countries, but common. Members of minorities (especially young men) are routinely frisked and asked for identification when out in public. In private, many police admit to taking account of race when deciding whom to stop, noting that some groups, for a variety of reasons, commit more crimes than others. Such profiling makes life much harder for those who happen to belong to those groups, the vast majority of whom are law-abiding.

警察的種族定性在大多數(shù)國家是非法的，但很常見。少數(shù)民族成員(尤其是年輕男性)在公共場合經(jīng)常被搜身，并被要求出示身份證件。私下里，許多警察承認(rèn)，在決定讓誰停下時(shí)考慮了種族因素，并指出一些群體由于各種原因，比其他群體犯罪更多。這種定性讓那些恰好屬于這些群體的人的生活更加艱難，他們中的絕大多數(shù)人都是守法的。

Many people do not care. Brazilians knew what to expect when they elected Mr Bolsonaro. Two-thirds of Germans think racial profiling is an acceptable tool of policing, according to a poll in 2017 by YouGov. “The worst thing about it,” says Sony Kapoor, an Indian-born Briton who lives in Norway, “is the smugness of Europeans who think they don’t harbour the same sort of racism as Americans.”

許多人并不在意。當(dāng)巴西人選出博爾索納羅（Bolsonaro）時(shí)，他們知道會(huì)發(fā)生什么。2017年YouGov的一項(xiàng)民意調(diào)查顯示，三分之二的德國人認(rèn)為種族定性是一種可以接受的警務(wù)工具?！白钤愀獾氖?，”索尼?卡普爾(Sony Kapoor)說，他是一位生活在挪威的印度裔英國人，“歐洲人自以為是，認(rèn)為自己不像美國人那樣懷有種族主義?！?/p>