20221227 英語詞匯/詞組學(xué)習(xí)匯總
?cash-strapped?adj.
[ only before noun] without enough money 資金短缺的
cash-strapped governments/shoppers?缺資金的政府；缺錢的購物者
sweep·ing?adj.?/?swi?p??/
[ usually before noun] having an important effect on a large part of sth 影響廣泛的；大范圍的；根本性的
?sweeping reforms/changes?全面改革；徹底變化
?Security forces were given sweeping powers to search homes. 安全部隊(duì)被授予入戶搜查的極大權(quán)力。
2. [ usually before noun] (?disapproving) too general and failing to think about or understand particular examples （過分）籠統(tǒng)的；一概而論的
?a?sweeping generalization/statement?籠統(tǒng)的概括；一概而論的說法
3. ~ victory a victory by a large number of votes, etc. （在投票等中的）大勝，全勝
4. [ only before noun] forming a curved shape 弧線的；彎曲的
?a sweeping gesture?(= with your hand or arm)?揮動(dòng)的動(dòng)作
?a sweeping staircase 弧形樓梯
ar·rest?/??rest/
[ VN] [ often passive] ~ sb (for sth)if the police?arrest?sb, the person is taken to a?police station?and kept there because the police believe they may be guilty of a crime 逮捕；拘留
?A man has been arrested in connection with the robbery. 一名男子因與這樁搶劫案有關(guān)已被逮捕。
?She was arrested for drug-related offences. 她因涉嫌毒品犯罪而被捕。
?You could?get arrested?for doing that. 你干那種事可能要遭逮捕。
2. [ VN] (?formal?) to stop a process or a development 阻止；中止
?They failed to arrest the company's decline. 他們未能阻止公司的衰落。
3. [ VN] (?formal?) to make sb notice sth and pay attention to it 吸引（注意）
?An unusual noise?arrested his attention?. 一陣不尋常的嘈雜聲引起了他的注意。
4. [ V] if sb?arrests?, their heart stops beating 心跳停止
?He arrested on the way to the hospital. 他在送往醫(yī)院途中停止了心跳。
· debt-ridden
o ADJ Debt-ridden countries, companies, or people owe extremely large amounts of money. 負(fù)債累累的
? ...the debt-ridden economies of Latin America.
... 拉丁美洲負(fù)債累累的經(jīng)濟(jì)。
cap?/k?p/
HAT 帽子
a type of soft flat hat with a?peak?(= a hard curved part sticking out in front).?Caps?are worn especially by men and boys, often as part of a uniform. （尤指男用有帽舌的）便帽，制服帽
?a school cap 學(xué)生帽
——see also?baseball cap?cloth cap mob cap
2. ( usually in compounds 通常構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞 ) a soft hat that fits closely and is worn for a particular purpose 軟帽
?a shower cap 浴帽
3. a soft hat with a square flat top worn by some university teachers and students at special ceremonies （大學(xué)師生在特別場(chǎng)合戴的）方帽
——compare?mortar board
IN SPORT 體育運(yùn)動(dòng)
4. (?BrE?) a cap given to sb who is chosen to play for a school, country, etc.; a player chosen to play for their country, etc. （校隊(duì)、國家隊(duì)等的）隊(duì)員帽；（被選入國家隊(duì)等的）運(yùn)動(dòng)員
?He won his first cap?(= was first chosen to play)?for England against France. 他首次被選為英格蘭隊(duì)的隊(duì)員與法國隊(duì)比賽。
?There are three new caps in the side. 這一方有三名新隊(duì)員。
ON PEN/BOTTLE 鋼筆；瓶子
5. a cover or top for a pen, bottle, etc. （鋼筆、瓶子等的）帽，蓋
?a lens cap 鏡頭蓋
——see also?filler cap?hubcap
——note at?lid
LIMIT ON MONEY 資金限額
6. an upper limit on an amount of money that can be spent or borrowed by a particular institution or in a particular situation （可用或可借資金的）最高限額
?The government has placed a cap on local council spending. 政府給地方議會(huì)的經(jīng)費(fèi)支出規(guī)定了最高限額。
IN TOY GUNS 玩具槍
7. a small paper container with?explosive?powder inside it, used especially in toy guns （玩具槍的）火藥帽，火藥紙
FOR WOMAN 婦女
8. (?BrE?)
=?diaphragm (2)
——see also?="javascript:;">ice cap thinking cap
IDIOMS 習(xí)語
· 1. go cap in ?hand (to sb)
(?BrE?) (?US?also?go hat in ?hand?) to ask sb for sth, especially money, in a very polite way that makes you seem less important 謙卑地要，恭敬地討（尤指錢）
· 2. if the cap fits (, wear it)
(?BrE?) (?NAmE?also?if the shoe fits (, wear it)?) (?informal?) if you feel that a remark applies to you, you should accept it and take it as a warning or criticism 有則改之
o??I didn't actually say that you were lazy, but if the cap fits... 我并沒有真的說你懶，但有則改之。
——more at?="javascript:;">feather n.
cap?/k?p/ ( -pp- ) [?VN]
COVER TOP 覆蓋頂部
[ usually passive] ~ sth (with sth)to cover the top or end of sth with sth 用…覆蓋頂部（或端部）
?mountains capped with snow 積雪皚皚的山峰
?snow-capped mountains 頂端積雪的群山
LIMIT MONEY 限定金額
2. [ often passive] (?especially BrE?) to limit the amount of money that can be charged for sth or spent on sth 限額收?。ɑ蛑С觯?/p>
?a capped mortgage 限額按揭
BEAT 超越
3. (?especially BrE?) to say or do sth that is funnier, more impressive, etc. than sth that has been said or done before 勝過；超過；比…更…
?What an amazing story. Can anyone cap that? 這真是個(gè)精彩的故事！還有人能講得更精彩嗎？
TOOTH 牙齒
4. [ usually passive] to put an artificial covering on a tooth to make it look more attractive 包（牙）
?He's had his front teeth capped. 他包了門牙。
SYN?crown
IN SPORT 體育運(yùn)動(dòng)
5. [ usually passive] (?BrE?) to choose sb to play in their country's national team for a particular sport 選入（某項(xiàng)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的國家隊(duì)）
?He has been capped more than 30 times for Wales. 他已30多次入選威爾士隊(duì)參加比賽。
IDIOMS 習(xí)語
· 1. to cap/top it ?all
(?informal?) used to introduce the final piece of information that is worse than the other bad things that you have just mentioned 最糟糕的是；最倒霉的是
out·stand·ing?adj.?/a?t?st?nd??/
extremely good; excellent 優(yōu)秀的；杰出的；出色的
?an outstanding player/achievement/success 杰出的運(yùn)動(dòng)員╱成績(jī)╱成就
?an area of?outstanding natural beauty?自然風(fēng)景極美的地區(qū)
——note at?excellent
2. [ usually before noun] very obvious or important 突出的；明顯的；重要的
SYN?prominent
?the outstanding features of the landscape 這一風(fēng)景的突出特征
3. ( of payment, work, problems, etc. 款項(xiàng)、工作、困難等 ) not yet paid, done, solved, etc. 未支付的；未完成的；未解決的
?She has outstanding debts of over ￡500. 她未清償?shù)膫鶆?wù)超過500英鎊。
?A lot of work is still outstanding. 許多工作尚未完成。
re·lieve?v.?/r??li?v/ [?VN]
to remove or reduce an unpleasant feeling or pain 解除，減輕，緩和（不快或痛苦）
?to relieve the symptoms of a cold 減輕感冒的癥狀
?to?relieve anxiety/guilt/stress?消除焦慮╱內(nèi)疚；緩解壓力
?Being able to tell the truth at last seemed to relieve her. 能夠最后講出真話似乎使她感到輕松。
2. to make a problem less serious 減輕（問題的嚴(yán)重性）；緩和；緩解
SYN?alleviate
?efforts to relieve poverty 緩解貧困的努力
?to relieve traffic congestion 緩解交通擁堵
3. to make sth less boring, especially by introducing sth different 調(diào)劑；使有趣
?We played cards to relieve the boredom of the long wait. 長(zhǎng)時(shí)間等待實(shí)在無聊，我們就打撲克來解悶兒。
?The black and white pattern is relieved by tiny coloured flowers. 五彩繽紛的小花使得黑白圖案不那么單調(diào)。
4. to replace sb who is on duty 接替；給…換班
?to relieve a sentry 換崗
?You'll be relieved at six o'clock. 六點(diǎn)鐘有人來換你的班。
5. to free a town, etc. from an enemy army that has surrounded it 將（城鎮(zhèn)從敵人的圍困中）解圍
6. ~ yourselfa polite way of referring to going to the toilet （去廁所的一種委婉說法）方便，解手
?I had to relieve myself behind a bush. 我只好在樹叢后面方便了一下。
PHRASAL VERBS 短語動(dòng)詞
· 1.RE?LIEVE SB OF STH
(1) to help sb by taking sth heavy or difficult from them 替…拿重物；幫助…減輕（負(fù)擔(dān)）
o??Let me relieve you of some of your bags. 我來幫你拿幾個(gè)袋子吧。
o??The new secretary will relieve us of some of the paperwork. 新來的秘書會(huì)減輕我們文案工作的一些負(fù)擔(dān)。
(2) (?informal?ironic) to steal sth from sb 偷竊；竊取
o??A boy with a knife relieved him of his wallet. 一個(gè)持刀的家伙偷了他的錢包。
(3) to dismiss sb from a job, position, etc. 開除；解除…的職務(wù)
o??General Beale was relieved of his command. 比爾將軍被解除了指揮權(quán)。
· credit crunch
o N a period during which there is a sudden reduction in the availability of credit from banks and other lenders 信貸危機(jī); 銀行或其他貸方的貸款可供量急劇緊縮的一段時(shí)間
· roil /r??l/
roilingroiledroils
o 1. V-I If water roils, it is rough and disturbed. 激蕩; 翻騰
? The water roiled to his left as he climbed carefully at the edge of the waterfall.
當(dāng)他在瀑布邊緣小心攀爬時(shí)，水飛濺到他左邊。
o 2. V-T Something that roils a state or situation makes it disturbed and confused. 擾亂; 使混亂
? Times of national turmoil generally roil a country's financial markets.
國家動(dòng)蕩不安的時(shí)候，通常引起金融市場(chǎng)混亂。
· breathing space
o N-VAR A breathing space is a short period of time between two activities in which you can recover from the first activity and prepare for the second one. (兩項(xiàng)活動(dòng)之間的) 喘息時(shí)間
? Firms need a breathing space if they are to recover.
各公司要復(fù)蘇就需要個(gè)喘息時(shí)間。
? We hope that it will give us some breathing space.
我們希望它能給我們些喘息時(shí)間。
down·turn?n.?/?da?nt??n/
[ usually sing.]
~ (in sth) a fall in the amount of business that is done; a time when the economy becomes weaker （商業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的）衰退，下降，衰退期
??a?downturn in sales/trade/business?銷量╱貿(mào)易╱營(yíng)業(yè)額下降
??the economic downturn of the late 1990s 20世紀(jì)90年代末的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退
backpedal
intransitive verb
:?to retreat or move?backward
crash?/kr??/
VEHICLE ACCIDENT 交通事故
(?NAmE?also also?wreck?) an accident in which a vehicle hits sth, for example another vehicle, usually causing damage and often injuring or killing the passengers 撞車；碰撞；相撞
?A girl was killed yesterday in a crash involving a stolen car. 昨天有一女孩在一樁涉及竊車的撞車事故中喪生。
?a?car/plane crash?汽車撞車事故；飛機(jī)失事
LOUD NOISE 巨響
2. [ usually sing.] a sudden loud noise made, for example, by sth falling or breaking （倒下、破碎等突然的）碰撞聲，破裂聲，碎裂聲
?The tree fell with a great crash. 那棵樹嘩啦一聲倒了。
?The first distant crash of thunder shook the air. 遠(yuǎn)處的第一聲霹靂震撼著天空。
IN FINANCE/BUSINESS 金融；商業(yè)
3. a sudden serious fall in the price or value of sth; the occasion when a business, etc. fails 暴跌；倒閉；破產(chǎn)；失敗
SYN?collapse
?the 1987 stock market crash 1987年的股票市場(chǎng)暴跌
COMPUTING 計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)
4. a sudden failure of a machine or system, especially of a computer or computer system （機(jī)器或系統(tǒng)，尤指計(jì)算機(jī)或計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)的）崩潰
SYNONYMS 同義詞辨析
slam ? collide ? smash ? wreck
These are all words that can be used when sth, especially a vehicle, hits sth else very hard and is damaged or destroyed. 以上各詞均含碰撞、撞擊之義，尤指撞車。
1. crash
(?rather informal?) to hit an object or another vehicle, causing damage; to make a vehicle do this 指（使）物體或交通工具碰撞或撞擊：
??I was terrified that the plane would crash. 飛機(jī)會(huì)失事把我嚇壞了。
2. slam (sth) into/against sb/sth
to crash into sth with a lot of force; to make sth do this 指（使）重重地撞上：
??The car skidded and slammed into a tree. 汽車打滑，重重地撞到樹上。
3. collide
(?rather formal?) (of two vehicles or people) to crash into each other; (of a vehicle or person) to crash into sb/sth else 指交通工具或人碰撞、相撞或撞上：
??The car and the van collided head-on in thick fog. 那輛小轎車和貨車在濃霧中迎面相撞。
4. smash
(?rather informal?) to crash into sth with a lot of force; to make sth do this; to crash a car 指（使）猛烈撞擊、猛烈碰撞或撞車：
??Ramraiders smashed a stolen car through the shop window. 飆車搶劫者駕著偷來的汽車撞破商店櫥窗。
crash, slam or smash??用crash、slam還是smash？
Crash?is used particularly for vehicles and can be used without a preposition. crash尤指交通工具碰撞，可不與介詞連用：
?We're going to crash, aren't we? 我們要墜毀了，是不是？
In this meaning?slam?and?smash?always take a preposition. slam和smash表示此義時(shí)總是與介詞連用：
?We're going to slam/smash, aren't we?
They are used for a much wider range of things than just vehicles.?Crash?can also be used for other things, if used with a preposition. 兩詞均可用于除交通工具外的范圍更廣的事物。crash與介詞連用也可用于其他事物：
?He crashed down the telephone receiver. 他砰的一聲將電話聽筒摔下來。
5. wreck
to crash a vehicle and damage it so badly that it is not worth repairing 指使交通工具撞壞或毀壞
PATTERNS AND COLLECTIONS
● The?two vehicles?crashed / collided.
● The?two vehicles?crashed / slammed / smashed?into each other?.
●?The car / plane?crashed / slammed / smashed?into?a tree.
● I've crashed / smashed / wrecked?the car?.
● to crash / slam / collide / smash?head-on?(into / with sth)
· meltdown /?m?lt?da?n/
o 1. N-VAR If there is meltdown in a nuclear reactor, the fuel rods start melting because of a failure in the system, and radiation starts to escape. (核反應(yīng)堆的) 堆芯熔毀
? Scientists warned that emergency cooling systems could fail and a reactor meltdown could occur.
科學(xué)家們警告說緊急冷卻系統(tǒng)可能失靈，核反應(yīng)堆的堆芯熔毀可能會(huì)發(fā)生。
o 2. N-UNCOUNT The meltdown of a company, organization, or system is its sudden and complete failure. (公司、機(jī)構(gòu)、系統(tǒng)等的) 突然崩潰
? Urgent talks are going on to prevent the market going into financial meltdown during the summer.
緊急談判正在進(jìn)行中，以防止市場(chǎng)在夏天陷入金融崩潰。
· default /d??f??lt/
o 1. V-I If a person, company, or country defaults on something that they have legally agreed to do, such as paying some money or doing a piece of work before a particular time, they fail to do it. 不履行 (義務(wù)); 違約
? The credit card business is down, and more borrowers are defaulting on loans.
信用卡生意正在走下坡路，更多的借貸人不履行還貸責(zé)任。
o 2. N-UNCOUNT Default is also a noun. 不履行; 違約
? The corporation may be charged with default on its contract with the government.
該公司可能會(huì)被指控違反了與政府簽訂的合同。
o 3. ADJ A default situation is what exists or happens unless someone or something changes it. 原樣的
? He appeared unimpressed; but then, unimpressed was his default state.
他看似不為所動(dòng)，但是，不為所動(dòng)就是他的原樣。
o 4. N-UNCOUNT In computing, the default is a particular set of instructions which the computer always uses unless the person using the computer gives other instructions. 默認(rèn)值
? The default setting on Windows Explorer will not show these files.
視窗瀏覽器上的默認(rèn)系統(tǒng)設(shè)定不顯示這些文檔。
o 5. PHRASE If something happens by default, it happens only because something else which might have prevented it or changed it has not happened. 在另外的可能性沒有發(fā)生的情況下
? I would rather pay the individuals than let the money go to the State by default.
我寧可把錢付給個(gè)人，也不會(huì)毫無選擇就把錢交給國家。
· slump /sl?mp/
o 1. V-I If something such as the value of something slumps, it falls suddenly and by a large amount. (價(jià)值等) 暴跌
? Net profits slumped by 41%.
凈利潤(rùn)暴跌了41%。
o 2. N-COUNT Slump is also a noun. (價(jià)值等的) 暴跌
? The council's land is now worth much less than originally hoped because of a slump in property prices.
由于地產(chǎn)價(jià)格的暴跌，委員會(huì)的土地目前大不如原來所希望的那么值錢了。
o 3. N-COUNT A slump is a time when many people in a country are unemployed and poor. 經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條時(shí)期
? ...the slump of the early 1980s.
…20世紀(jì)80年代初期的經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條時(shí)期。
o 4. V-T/V-I If you slump somewhere, you fall or sit down there heavily, for example, because you are very tired or you feel ill. 癱倒; (因勞累或生病等) 跌坐
? She slumped into a chair.
她癱倒在一張椅子上。
· batter /?b?t?/
o 1. V-T To batter someone means to hit them many times, using fists or a heavy object. 連續(xù)猛擊 (某人)
? The passengers were battered by flying luggage and cargo as the cabin lost pressure.
當(dāng)機(jī)艙失去壓力時(shí)，乘客們受到飛落的行李和貨物連續(xù)猛擊。
? A karate expert battered a man to death.
一位空手道高手將一名男子猛擊致死。
o 2. ADJ 遭毆打的
? Her battered body was discovered in a field.
她被毆打過的尸體在一塊地里被發(fā)現(xiàn)了。
o 3. V-T If someone is battered, they are regularly hit and badly hurt by a member of their family or by their partner. 虐待
? ...evidence that the child was being battered.
…這個(gè)孩子正遭虐待的證據(jù)。
? ...boys who witness fathers battering their mothers.
…親眼目睹父親虐待他們母親的男孩們。
o 4. N-UNCOUNT 虐待
? Leaving the relationship does not mean that the battering will stop.
脫離了這種關(guān)系并不意味著虐待會(huì)停止。
o 5. V-T If a place is battered by wind, rain, or storms, it is seriously damaged or affected by very bad weather. (風(fēng)、雨或風(fēng)暴等的) 襲擊
? The country has been battered by winds of between fifty and seventy miles an hour.
這個(gè)國家一直受到時(shí)速50至70英里大風(fēng)的襲擊。
o 6. V-T If you batter something, you hit it many times, using your fists or a heavy object. 連續(xù)猛擊
? They were battering the door, they were trying to break in.
他們連續(xù)擊門，試圖破門而入。
o 7. N-VAR Batter is a mixture of flour, eggs, and milk that is used in cooking. (面粉、蛋和牛奶混合成的) 糊
? ...pancake batter.
…做薄煎餅的面糊。
o 8. N-COUNT In sports such as baseball and softball, a batter is a person who hits the ball with a wooden bat. 擊球員
? ...batters and pitchers.
…擊球員和投球手們。
o 9. N the slope of the face of a wall that recedes gradually backwards and upwards (墻面的)斜坡
o 10. V to have such a slope 形成坡度
o 11. N a spree or debauch 狂歡或放蕩
o 12. →see also battered →see also battering
cof·fer?n.?/?k?f?(r)/
[ C] a large strong box, used in the past for storing money or valuable objects （舊時(shí)的）保險(xiǎn)柜，貴重物品箱
2. ( also?cof·fers?) [ pl.] a way of referring to the money that a government, an organization, etc. has available to spend （政府、機(jī)構(gòu)等的）金庫，資金
?The nation's coffers are empty. 國庫空虛。
con·ta·gion?n.?/k?n?te?d??n/
[ U] the spreading of a disease by people touching each other 接觸傳染
?There is no risk of contagion. 沒有接觸傳染的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
2. [ C] (?old use) a disease that can be spread by people touching each other 接觸性傳染病
3. [ C] (?formal?) something bad that spreads quickly by being passed from person to person （不良事物的快速）傳播，蔓延，擴(kuò)散
——compare infection
in·stabil·ity?n.
/??nst??b?l?ti/
(?pl.?-ies)
[?UCusually pl.]
the quality of a situation in which things are likely to change or fail suddenly 不穩(wěn)定；不穩(wěn)固
?political and economic instability 政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)的不穩(wěn)定
2. a mental condition in which sb's behaviour is likely to change suddenly （精神的）不穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)，變化無常
?mental/emotional instability?精神╱情緒的不穩(wěn)定
OPP?stability
——see also?unstable
?would-be?adj.
[ only before noun]
used to describe sb who is hoping to become the type of person mentioned （形容想要成為…的人）未來的
??a would-be actor 想要成為演員的人
??advice for would-be parents 對(duì)即將成為父母的人的忠告
· boycott /?b??k?t/
o 1. V-T If a country, group, or person boycotts a country, organization, or activity, they refuse to be involved with it in any way because they disapprove of it. 聯(lián)合抵制
? The main opposition parties are boycotting the elections.
主要的反對(duì)黨派正在聯(lián)合抵制選舉。
o 2. N-COUNT Boycott is also a noun. 聯(lián)合抵制
? Opposition leaders had called for a boycott of the vote.
反對(duì)派領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者號(hào)召聯(lián)合抵制投票。
after·math?n.?/?ɑ?ft?m?θ/ /?mɑ?θ/
[ usually sing.] the situation that exists as a result of an important (and usually unpleasant) event, especially a war, an accident, etc. （戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、事故、不快事情的）后果，創(chuàng)傷
??A lot of rebuilding took place?in the aftermath of?the war. 戰(zhàn)后進(jìn)行了大量的重建工作。
??the assassination of the Prime Minister and its immediate aftermath 暗殺首相及其直接后果
· unprecedented /?n?pr?s??d?nt?d/
o 1. ADJ If something is unprecedented, it has never happened before. 史無前例的
? Such a move is rare, but not unprecedented.
這樣的舉動(dòng)少見，但并非從來沒有過。
o 2. ADJ If you describe something as unprecedented, you are emphasizing that it is very great in quality, amount, or scale. (質(zhì)量、數(shù)量或規(guī)模) 空前的
? The mission has been hailed as an unprecedented success.
這次使命已被宣布為一次空前的成功。
bor·row·ing?n.?/?b?r????/
[ CU] the money that a company, an organization or a person borrows; the act of borrowing money 借款；貸款；借貸
?an attempt to reduce bank borrowings 減少向銀行借貸的努力
?High interest rates help to keep borrowing down. 高利率有助于控制借貸。
2. [ C] a word, a phrase or an idea that sb has taken from another person's work or from another language and used in their own 借用的言語（或思想等）
due?/dju?/
CAUSED BY 由于
[ not before noun] ~ to sth/sbcaused by sb/sth; because of sb/sth 由于；因?yàn)?/p>
?The team's success was largely due to her efforts. 這個(gè)隊(duì)的成功在很大程度上是她努力的結(jié)果。
?Most of the problems were due to human error. 多數(shù)問題都是人為錯(cuò)誤造成的。
?The project had to be abandoned due to a lack of government funding. 這項(xiàng)工程由于缺乏政府的資助而不得不放棄。
HELP Some people think that it is more correct to use?owing to?to mean ‘because of’ after a verb or at the beginning of a clause, as?due?is an adjective. 有人認(rèn)為在動(dòng)詞之后或從句之首用owing to表示“因?yàn)椤备线m，因?yàn)閐ue是形容詞。
EXPECTED 預(yù)期
2. [ not before noun] ~ (to do sth)~ (for sth)arranged or expected 預(yù)定；預(yù)期；預(yù)計(jì)
?When's the baby due? 寶寶什么時(shí)候出世？
?Rose is due to start school in January. 羅斯一月份就要開始上學(xué)了。
?The band's first album is due for release later this month. 這個(gè)樂隊(duì)的第一張唱片預(yù)定在本月下旬發(fā)行。
?The next train is due in five minutes. 下一班火車預(yù)計(jì)在五分鐘后抵達(dá)。
(?especially NAmE?)
?My essay's due next Friday?(= it has to be given to the teacher by then)?. 我的論文下周五必須交。
OWED 欠款
3. [ not usually before noun] when a sum of money is?due?, it must be paid immediately 到期
?Payment is due on 1 October. 付款期限為10月1日。
4. [ not before noun] ~ (to sb)owed to sb as a debt, because it is their right or because they have done sth to deserve it 應(yīng)支付；應(yīng)給予；應(yīng)歸于
?Have they been paid the money that is due to them? 他們應(yīng)得的錢付給他們了嗎？
?Our thanks are due to the whole team. 我們要向全隊(duì)致謝。
5. [ not before noun] ~ (for) sthowed sth; deserving sth 應(yīng)有；應(yīng)得到
?I'm still due 15 day's leave. 我還應(yīng)有15天的休假。
?She's due for promotion soon. 她很快該晉升了。
SUITABLE/RIGHT 適當(dāng)；合適
6. [ only before noun] (?formal?) that is suitable or right in the circumstances 適當(dāng)?shù)?；恰?dāng)?shù)?；合適的
?After due consideration, we have decided to appoint Mr Davis to the job. 經(jīng)過適當(dāng)考慮，我們決定委任戴維斯先生干這項(xiàng)工作。
?to make due allowance for sth 適當(dāng)考慮某事
(?BrE?)
?He was charged with driving without?due care and attention?. 他被控魯莽駕駛。
——compare?undue
IDIOMS 習(xí)語
· 1. in ?due ?course
at the right time and not before 在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候；到一定的時(shí)候
o??Your request will be dealt with in due course. 你的要求將在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候予以處理。
——more at?="javascript:;">respect n.
re·pay·ment?n.?/r??pe?m?nt/
[ U] the act of paying back money that you have borrowed from a bank, etc. 歸還借款；償還債務(wù)
?The loan is due for repayment by the end of the year. 這筆借款要在年底還清。
2. [ Cusually pl.] a sum of money that you pay regularly to a bank, etc. until you have returned all the money that you owe 按期償還的款項(xiàng)；分期償還額
?We were unable to?meet?(= pay)?the repayments?on the loan. 我們無法支付貸款的分期償還額。
?mortgage repayments 按揭貸款的償還款項(xiàng)
——note at payment
· solvency /?s?lv?ns?/
o N-UNCOUNT A person's or organization's solvency is their ability to pay their debts. 償債能力
? ...unsound investments that could threaten the company's solvency.
…可能威脅到公司償債能力的不良投資。
· stun /st?n/
o 1. V-T If you are stunned by something, you are extremely shocked or surprised by it and are therefore unable to speak or do anything. 使震驚
? He's stunned by today's resignation of his longtime ally.
他被自己的長(zhǎng)期助手今天的辭職所震驚。
o 2. ADJ 驚呆的
? When they told me she was missing I was totally stunned.
當(dāng)他們告訴我她不見了時(shí)，我完全驚呆了。
o 3. V-T If something such as a blow on the head stuns you, it makes you unconscious or confused and unsteady. 把…打昏
? Sam stood his ground and got a blow that stunned him.
薩姆不讓步，遭到一擊，把他打昏了。
o 4. →see also stunning
· hurried /?h?r?d/
o 1. ADJ A hurried action is done quickly, because you do not have much time to do it in. 倉促完成的
? ...a hurried breakfast.
…倉促吃的一頓早餐。
o 2. ADV 匆忙地
? ...students hurriedly taking notes.
…匆忙做著筆記的學(xué)生們。
o 3. ADJ A hurried action is done suddenly, in reaction to something that has just happened. (行動(dòng)) 突然應(yīng)急采取的
? There had been a hurried overnight redrafting of the text.
該文本被連夜做了改寫。
o 4. ADV 匆忙地
? The moment she saw it, she blushed and hurriedly left the room.
她一看見它臉就紅了，并慌忙地走出了房間。
o 5. ADJ Someone who is hurried does things more quickly than they should because they do not have much time to do them. 倉促的
? Parisians on the street often looked worried, hurried, and unfriendly.
街上的巴黎人常常看上去憂心忡忡，匆匆忙忙，還不太友好。
· retreat /r??tri?t/
o 1. V-I If you retreat, you move away from something or someone. 退出; 離開
? "I've already got a job," I said quickly, and retreated from the room.
“我已經(jīng)有了工作，”我迅速說道，然后就從房間里退了出來。
o 2. V-I When an army retreats, it moves away from enemy forces in order to avoid fighting them. 撤退
? The French, suddenly outnumbered, were forced to retreat.
法軍在人數(shù)上突然處于劣勢(shì)，被迫撤退了。
o 3. N-VAR Retreat is also a noun. 撤退
? In June 1942, the British 8th Army was in full retreat.
1942年6月，英軍第8軍全線撤退。
o 4. V-I If you retreat from something such as a plan or a way of life, you give it up, usually in order to do something safer or less extreme. 放棄
? She retreated from public life.
她放棄了社會(huì)生活。
o 5. N-VAR Retreat is also a noun. 放棄
? The president's remarks appear to signal that there will be no retreat from his position.
總統(tǒng)的話似乎暗示他不會(huì)放棄自己的職位。
o 6. N-COUNT A retreat is a quiet, isolated place that you go to in order to rest or to do things in private. 隱居處; 休養(yǎng)處
? He spent yesterday hidden away in his country retreat.
他躲在鄉(xiāng)間的休養(yǎng)地度過了昨天。
slug·gish?adj.?/?sl?ɡ??/ moving, reacting or working more slowly than normal and in a way that seems lazy 緩慢的；遲緩的；懶洋洋的
??sluggish traffic 緩緩移動(dòng)的車流
??a sluggish economy 經(jīng)濟(jì)停滯
??the sluggish black waters of the canal 運(yùn)河里緩慢流動(dòng)的黑乎乎的河水
??He felt very heavy and sluggish after the meal. 飯后他感覺身子很沉，不想動(dòng)。
DERIVATIVES 派生詞
slug·gish·ly?adv.
2.?slug·gish·ness?n.?[ U]
re·bound?/r??ba?nd/ [?V]
~ (from/off sth)to?bounce?back after hitting sth 彈回；反彈
?The ball rebounded from the goalpost and Owen headed it in. 球從門柱彈回，歐文頭球?qū)⑶蚬ミM(jìn)。
2. ~ (on sb)(?formal?) if sth that you do?rebounds?on you, it has an unpleasant effect on you, especially when the effect was intended for sb else 報(bào)應(yīng)；反作用于
SYN?backfire
3. (?business 商) ( of prices, etc. 價(jià)格等 ) to rise again after they have fallen 回升；反彈
SYN?bounce back
re·bound?/?ri?ba?nd/
( sport 體) a ball that hits sth and?bounces?back 反彈球；回彈球
2. ( in?basketball?籃球 ) the act of catching the ball after a player has thrown it at the?basket?and has not scored a point 搶斷籃板球
3. ( business 商) a positive reaction that happens after sth negative 復(fù)興；振作
IDIOMS 習(xí)語
1.?on the ?rebound
while you are sad and confused, especially after a relationship has ended （尤指關(guān)系破裂之后）在傷心困惑之時(shí)
bout?n.?/ba?t/
~ (of sth/of doing sth)a short period of great activity; a short period during which there is a lot of a particular thing, usually sth unpleasant 一陣；一場(chǎng)；（尤指壞事的）一通，一次
?a drinking bout 狂飲一通
?the latest bout of inflation 最近一陣通貨膨脹
2. ~ (of sth)an attack or period of illness （疾病的）發(fā)作；發(fā)病期
?a severe bout of flu/coughing 流感╱咳嗽的猛烈發(fā)作
?He suffered occasional bouts of depression. 他有時(shí)會(huì)犯抑郁癥。
(?NAmE?)
?a bout with the flu 流感發(fā)作期
3. a?boxing?or?wrestling?match 拳擊（或摔跤）比賽
· rating /?re?t??/
o 1. N-COUNT A rating of something is a score or measurement of how good or popular it is. (針對(duì)受歡迎度和優(yōu)劣性的) 評(píng)分
? New public opinion polls show the president's approval rating at its lowest point since he took office.
新的民意測(cè)驗(yàn)表明總統(tǒng)的支持率處在他就職以來的最低點(diǎn)。
o 2. →see also credit rating
o 3. N-PLURAL The ratings are the statistics published each week which show how popular each television programme is. (電視節(jié)目的) 收視率
? CBS's ratings again showed huge improvement over the previous year.
哥倫比亞廣播公司的收視率比過去的一年又有了大幅提高。
o 4. N a sharp scolding or rebuke 斥責(zé); 訓(xùn)斥
o 5.
N (in certain navies) a sailor who holds neither commissioned nor warrant rank; an ordinary seaman
· dovetail /?d?v?te?l/
o V-RECIP If two things dovetail or if one thing dovetails with another, the two things fit together neatly or have some common characteristics. 吻合; 有共同點(diǎn)
? I'm following up a few things that might dovetail.
我在跟進(jìn)幾個(gè)互相可能會(huì)銜接起來的事情。
? ...an attempt to look for areas where U.S. interests can dovetail with Japanese concerns.
...一個(gè)尋求美日雙方利益共同點(diǎn)的嘗試。
? It is important that we dovetail our respective interests.
我們尋求各自利益共同點(diǎn)是重要的。
on·shore?adj.?/??n???(r)/
[ usually before noun]
on the land rather than at sea 陸上的
?an onshore oil field 陸上油田
2. ( of wind 風(fēng) ) blowing from the sea towards the land 吹向陸地的；向岸的
DERIVATIVES 派生詞
on·shore?adv
——compare offshore
woe?n.?/w??/
(?old-fashionedhumorous)
woes?[ pl.] the troubles and problems that sb has 麻煩；問題；困難
?financial woes 財(cái)政困難
?Thanks for listening to my woes. 謝謝您聽我訴說不幸的遭遇。
2. [ U] great unhappiness 痛苦；苦惱；悲傷；悲哀
SYN?misery
?a tale of woe 悲慘的故事
IDIOMS 習(xí)語
· 1. ?WOE BE?TIDE SB ?WOE TO SB
(?formal?humorous) a phrase that is used to warn sb that there will be trouble for them if they do sth or do not do sth （用以警告某人會(huì)有麻煩）…就要倒霉，…將會(huì)遭殃
o??Woe betide anyone who gets in her way! 誰擋住她的路誰就會(huì)遭殃！
· 2. ?WOE IS ?ME!
(?old usehumorous) a phrase that is used to say that you are very unhappy 我好苦哇！
· presale /?pri?se?l/
o N the practice of arranging the sale of a product before it is available 預(yù)售
· note /n??t/
o 1. N-COUNT A note is a short letter. 便條
? Stevens wrote him a note asking him to come to his apartment.
史蒂文斯給他寫了個(gè)便條讓他到他的公寓來。
o 2. N-COUNT A note is something that you write down to remind yourself of something. 記錄; 筆記
? I knew that if I didn't make a note I would lose the thought so I asked to borrow a pen or pencil.
我知道如果我不做一個(gè)記錄我就會(huì)忘記這個(gè)想法，于是我要求借支鋼筆或鉛筆。
? She wasn't taking notes on the lecture.
她沒記講座筆記。
o 3. N-COUNT In a book or article, a note is a short piece of additional information. 注釋
? See Note 16 on p. 223.
參見223頁的注釋16。
o 4. N-COUNT A note is a short document that has to be signed by someone and that gives official information about something. 證明; 單據(jù)
? Since Mr. Bennett was going to need some time off work, he asked for a sick note.
因?yàn)楸緝?nèi)特先生需要請(qǐng)假一段時(shí)間，所以他要求開一張病假條。
o 5. N-COUNT In music, a note is the sound of a particular pitch, or a written symbol representing this sound. 音符
? She has a deep voice and doesn't even try for the high notes.
她有一副低沉的嗓音，對(duì)高音她甚至試都不試。
o 6. N-SING You can use note to refer to a particular quality in someone's voice that shows how they are feeling. 聲調(diào); 語氣
? There is an unmistakable note of nostalgia in his voice when he looks back on the early years of the family business.
在他回憶早年的家族企業(yè)時(shí)，他的聲音里帶有一種確定無疑的懷舊語氣。
o 7. N-SING You can use note to refer to a particular feeling, impression, or atmosphere. (特別的) 感覺; 印象; 氣氛
? Yesterday's testimony began on a note of passionate but civilized disagreement.
昨天的證詞是在一種激烈但文明的爭(zhēng)執(zhí)氛圍中開始的。
? Somehow he tells these stories without a note of horror.
不知為什么，他講述這些故事時(shí)沒有一絲害怕的感覺。
o 8. V-T If you note a fact, you become aware of it. 注意到
? The White House has noted his promise to support any attack that was designed to enforce the UN resolutions.
白宮已經(jīng)注意到他支持任何旨在加強(qiáng)聯(lián)合國決議的抨擊的承諾。
? Suddenly, I noted that the rain had stopped.
突然，我注意到雨已經(jīng)停了。
o 9. V-T If you tell someone to note something, you are drawing their attention to it. 注意
? Note the statue to Sallustio Bandini, a prominent Sienese.
注意那座薩盧斯蒂奧·班迪尼的雕像，一個(gè)杰出的錫耶納人。
o 10. V-T If you note something, you mention it in order to draw people's attention to it. 提到
? The report notes that export and import volumes picked up in leading economies.
該報(bào)道提到主要經(jīng)濟(jì)大國的進(jìn)出口額增加了。
o 11. V-T When you note something, you write it down as a record of what has happened. 記錄
? "He has had his tonsils out and has been ill, too," she noted in her diary.
“他已經(jīng)做了扁桃腺切除，又一直在生病。”她在自己的日記中寫道。
? They never noted the building's history of problems.
他們從未記錄過那座建筑的問題的歷史。
o 12. N-COUNT You can refer to a banknote as a note. 鈔票
o 13. →see also noted →see also promissory note
o 14. PHRASE Someone or something that is of note is important, worth mentioning, or well-known. 顯要的; 有名的
? ...politicians of note.
…顯要的政客們。
o 15. PHRASE If you take note of something, you pay attention to it because you think that it is important or significant. 注意
? Take note of the weather conditions.
注意天氣情況。
· akin /??k?n/
o ADJ If one thing is akin to another, it is similar to it in some way. 相似的
? Listening to his life story is akin to reading a good adventure novel.
聽他的生活故事就像讀一部好的探險(xiǎn)小說。
blessed?adj.?/?bles?d/
Blessed holy 神圣的
?the Blessed Virgin Mary 榮福童貞馬利亞
2. (in religious language) lucky （宗教用語）有福的
?Blessed are the poor. 神貧的人是有福的。
3. [ only before noun] enjoyable in a way that gives you a sense of peace or a feeling of freedom from anxiety or pain 愉快安寧的；無憂無慮的
?a moment of blessed calm 片刻愉快的寧靜
4. [ only before noun] (?old-fashionedinformal?) used to express mild anger （表示慍怒）
?I can't see a blessed thing without my glasses. 我不戴眼鏡根本看不清什么東西。
DERIVATIVES 派生詞
bless·ed·ly?adv.
?The kitchen was warm and blessedly familiar. 廚房又溫暖又親切溫馨。
2.?bless·ed·ness?/?bles?dn?s/?n.?[ U]
game changer
noun
variants or game-changer
?gām-?chān-j?r
:?a newly introduced element or factor that changes an existing situation or activity in a significant way
piece·meal?adj.?/?pi?smi?l/
[ usually before noun] ( often?disapproving) done or happening gradually at different times and often in different ways, rather than carefully planned at the beginning 逐漸做成（或發(fā)生）的；零敲碎打的；零散的
??a piecemeal approach to dealing with the problem 全無章法的解決問題的方式
??piecemeal changes 零星的變化
DERIVATIVES 派生詞
piece·meal?adv
?The reforms were implemented piecemeal. 改革在零零星星地進(jìn)行。
mort·gage?/?m??ɡ?d?/
( also?informal??home ?loan?)
( also?informal?also??home ?loan?) a legal agreement by which a bank or similar organization lends you money to buy a house, etc., and you pay the money back over a particular number of years; the sum of money that you borrow 按揭（由銀行等提供房產(chǎn)抵押借款）；按揭貸款
?to?apply for/take out/pay off a mortgage?申請(qǐng)╱取得╱還清抵押貸款
?mortgage rates?(= of nterest)?按揭貸款利率
?a mortgage on the house 一項(xiàng)房產(chǎn)按揭
?a mortgage of ￡60 000 6萬英鎊的按揭貸款
?monthly mortgage repayments 每月償還的按揭貸款
