★★★

題型優(yōu)先級判定：

1. It can be?inferred?from examples given in the?last paragraph?of the passage that which of the following was part of “the new and crushing experience of industrialism” for many members of the English working class in?the nineteenth century.

間接細(xì)節(jié)，已有定位，可以先做

?

2. It can be?inferred?that the?author?of the passage believes that?Mary Barton?might have been an?even better?novel if Gaskell?

推斷+作者態(tài)度，找負(fù)態(tài)度，不一定好找，先后置。

?

3. Which of the following best describes the author’s?attitude?toward Gaskell’s use of the method of?documentary record?in?Mary Barton??

直接細(xì)節(jié)+作者態(tài)度題，找到定位可做

?

4. Which of the following?is most closely?analogous?to?Job Leigh?in?Mary Barton, as that character is described in the passage??類比題，可以先做，定位Job Leigh

做題順序暫定 3 4 1 2

各段結(jié)構(gòu)化詳略閱讀：

para 1:

①M(fèi)ary Barton, particularly in its early chapters, is a moving response to the suffering of the industrial worker in the England of the 1840s. ②What is most impressive about the book is the intense and painstaking?[CJ1]?effort made by the author, Elizabeth Gaskell, to convey the experience of everyday life in working class homes. ③Her method is partly documentary in nature:?the novel includes such features as a carefully annotate reproduction of dialect, the exact details of food prices in an account of a tea party, an itemized description of the furniture of the Bartons’ living room, and a transcription (again annotated) of the ballad “The Oldham Weaver”. ④The interest?[CJ2]?of this record is considerable, even though the method has a slightly distancing effect.?[CJ3]?

①介紹對這本書的評價(jià)

↓

②書的內(nèi)容

↓

③描述方法

↓

④評價(jià)方法

?[CJ1]刻苦

?[CJ2]?advantage, benefit

?[CJ3]?提出主要觀點(diǎn)

出現(xiàn)第3題題點(diǎn)documentary，可以先做3.

3. Which of the following best describes the author’s?attitude?toward Gaskell’s use of the method of documentary record in?Mary Barton??態(tài)度題，帶有負(fù)態(tài)度的正態(tài)度

C

A. uncritical enthusiasm

B. Unresolved ambivalence

C. Qualified approval

D. Resigned acceptance 無可奈何的接受

E. Mild irritation

繼續(xù)往下，保持詳略結(jié)合的閱讀。

para 2：
①As a member of the middle class,?Gaskell could hardly help approaching working-class life as an outside observer and a reporter?[JC1]?, and the reader of the novel is always conscious of this fact.[CJ2] ②But?there is genuine imaginative re-creation in her accounts?of the walk in Green Heys Fields, of tea at the Bartons’ house, and of John Barton and his friend’s discovery of thestarving family in the cellar in the chapter “Poverty and Death.”[CJ3] ③?Indeed, for a similarly convincing re-creation of such families’ emotions and responses (which are more crucial than the material details on which the mere reporter is apt to concentrate), the English novel had to wait 60 years for the early writing of D. H. Lawrence. ④If Gaskell never quite conveys the sense of full participation that would completely authenticate this aspect of?Mary Bartons, she still brings to these scenes an intuitive recognition of feelings that has its own sufficient conviction.?[劍4]?

①作者態(tài)度 aw-

?[JC1]無法避免作為一個(gè)外來者去觀察

?[CJ2]順承段落，事實(shí)

?[CJ3]轉(zhuǎn)折，客觀對比

?[劍4]就算場景沒有完全還原，情感認(rèn)知還是在的。

出現(xiàn)負(fù)態(tài)度，可以做2

2. It can be?inferred?that the?author?of the passage believes that Mary Barton might have been an?even better?novel if Gaskell

A. concentrated on the emotions of a single character 沒有證據(jù)

B. made no attempt to re-create experiences of which she had no firsthand knowledge 沒有證據(jù)/相反

C. made no attempt to reproduce working-class dialects 相反/無關(guān)

D. grown up in an industrial city 沒有證據(jù)/相反

E. managed to transcend her position as an outsider

再來：

para 3:

①The chapter “Old Alice’s History”?brilliantly dramatizes the situation of that early generation of workers?brought from the villages and the countryside to the urban industrial centers.?[CJ1]?②The account of Job Leigh,?the weaver and naturalist who is devoted to the study of biology, vividly embodies one kind of response to an urban industrial environment: an affinity for living things that hardens, by its very contrast with its environment, into a kind of crankiness?[劍2]?. ③The early chapters—about factory workers walking out in spring into Green Heys Fields, about Alice Wilson, remembering in her cellar the twig-gathering for brooms in the nativevillage that she will never again see, about Job Leigh, intent on his impaled insects—capture the characteristic responses of a generation to?the new and crushing experience of industrialism. ④The other early chapters?eloquently portray the development of the instinctive cooperation with each other that was already becoming an important tradition among workers.

?[CJ1]例證段

?[劍2]eccentric, strange?奇怪，古怪

關(guān)于文中impaled insects:

出現(xiàn)Job Leigh，可以做4.

4. Which of the following is most closely analogous to Job Leigh in?Mary Barton, as that character is described in the passage? 類比題

D

A. An entomologist?who collected butterflies as a child

B. A small-town attorney whose hobby is nature photography

C.?A young man who leaves his family’s dairy farm to start his own business 定位失效

D. A city dweller who raises exotic plants on the roof of his apartment building

E. A union organizer who works in a textile mill under dangerous conditions

最后可做1.

1. It can be inferred from examples given in the last paragraph of the passage that which of the following was part of “the new and crushing experience of industrialism” for many members of the English working class in the nineteenth century.

B

A. Extortionate food prices

B. Geographical displacement

C. Hazardous working conditions

D. Alienation from fellow workers

E. Dissolution of family ties

背景拓展：

Mary Barton?is the first novel by English author Elizabeth Gaskell, published in 1848. The story is set in the English city of Manchester between 1839 and 1842, and deals with the difficulties faced by the Victorian working class. It is subtitled "A Tale of Manchester Life".?

Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell (née Stevenson; 29 September 1810 – 12 November 1865), often referred to as Mrs Gaskell, was an English novelist, biographer, and short story writer. Her novels offer a?detailed portrait of the lives of many strata of Victorian society, including the very poor, and are of interest to social historians as well as lovers of literature. Her first novel,?Mary Barton, was published in 1848.?

Gaskell's?The Life of Charlotte Bront?, published in 1857, was the?first biography of ?Bront?. 【Jane Eyre】In this biography, she only wrote of the moral, sophisticated things in Bront?’s life, the rest she left out, deciding that certain, more salacious aspects were better kept hidden. Among Gaskell's best known novels are?Cranford?(1851–53),?North and South?(1854–55), and?Wives and Daughters?(1865), each having been adapted for television by the BBC.?

英國小說家。原名伊麗莎白·克萊格雷恩·斯蒂文森。1810年9月29日生于倫敦唯一神教派牧師家庭，卒于1865年11月12日。幼年喪母，被寄養(yǎng)在柴郡納茨福德鎮(zhèn)的姨母家，并到鄰近的斯特拉特福德鎮(zhèn)上學(xué)。1832年和曼徹斯特市的唯一神教派牧師威廉·蓋斯凱爾結(jié)婚。唯一的兒子不幸夭折在襁褓之中，為了排解痛苦，她開始嘗試寫作。第一部小說《瑪麗·巴頓》于1848年問世。小說以英國當(dāng)時(shí)的憲章運(yùn)動(dòng)和勞資沖突為背景，描寫了老工人約翰·巴頓及其女兒瑪麗的生活和命運(yùn)，出版后引起公眾和文學(xué)界的注意。狄更斯對她頗為賞識(shí)，后來她的大多數(shù)作品都在狄更斯主辦的刊物上發(fā)表。此后她陸續(xù)創(chuàng)作了《克蘭福德》、《露絲》、《南方與北方》、《西爾維亞的戀人》及《妻子和女兒》等長篇小說。其中《南方與北方》通過對男女主人公的刻畫，將工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)的北方與田園風(fēng)情尚存的南方對比，深入地表現(xiàn)了19世紀(jì)工業(yè)化所引起的諸多變化和沖突（包括信仰危機(jī)和價(jià)值觀沖突），與《瑪麗·巴頓》有相通之處，體現(xiàn)了作者對社會(huì)問題的洞察，對勞動(dòng)大眾的同情，以及她促進(jìn)社會(huì)的不同階級、不同方面的相互了解并和解的意愿。（https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/U_YQ433wnlIklSiw5kKtNw）

《克蘭福德》和《妻子與女兒》等以狹隘、寧靜、和睦的鄉(xiāng)村小鎮(zhèn)生活為題材（其原型為作者熟悉的納茨福德鎮(zhèn)），著重地描寫了女性經(jīng)驗(yàn)。蓋斯凱爾夫人善于觀察、捕捉并描寫在不同社會(huì)處境中的人們的言行舉止，并在戲劇性沖突中展開情節(jié)。《克蘭福德》一書筆調(diào)尤為詼諧親切，人物栩栩如生，有的讀者把它視為作者的最佳作品。此外她還寫了不少生動(dòng)溫馨的中短篇小說，如《表親菲莉斯》。

蓋斯凱爾夫人成名后和當(dāng)時(shí)許多文學(xué)家有聯(lián)系。她撰寫的《夏洛蒂·勃朗特傳》是有關(guān)這位作家傳記中的第一部，也是最負(fù)盛名的一部。她生前與勃朗特姐妹和喬治·艾略特等齊名，后來長期受到忽視。近年來隨著西方女權(quán)主義和某些注重社會(huì)歷史文化背景的文學(xué)、文化批評的興起，她的許多小說，特別是《瑪麗·巴頓》，重新引起了人們的興趣和注意。