你的勝利不是你一個人的，而是所有不愿意一輩子面對鍋碗瓢盆的女孩子的榜樣。

??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????——馬哈維亞

電影《摔跤吧！爸爸》自5月份上映以來好評如潮。本片也是印度著名摔跤手馬哈維亞·辛格·珀尕(Mahavir Singh Phogat)教授兩個女兒摔跤的傳記片。

如劇情呈現(xiàn)的那樣，Geeta成了印度第一位女性摔跤運動員，并在2010年的英聯(lián)邦運動會上奪得了女子52Kg重量級的金牌。

影片以“摔跤”——這項男性氣息十足的運動為切入點，展現(xiàn)了印度女孩的生存境況。吉塔的勝利無疑讓焦灼的觀眾得到了寬慰，但在痼疾深種的影片之外，印度女孩的勝利還有很長的路要走……

落后的教育

In a dim, windowless classroom at GMS Moradbas school in rural Haryana state in north India, 40 young girls in their dark blue uniforms crouch on the floor in four straight lines.

在印度北部農(nóng)業(yè)大邦哈里亞納邦的GMS Moradbas學(xué)校，一間昏暗、沒有窗戶的教室里，40個小女孩穿著深藍(lán)色校服，筆直地排成四排蹲在地上。

Each is following a monotone reading by one of their classmates from a history book about one of India’s liberation heroes. Not a computer, let alone a desk is in sight.

所有人都跟著班上一名同學(xué)那一成不變的音調(diào)，朗讀一本講述一位印度民族解放英雄的歷史書。教室里看不到一臺電腦，甚至連課桌都沒有。

Outside, beyond a field of yellow mustard seed and sparring goats, a new high-rise medical college rises above the mist on the edge of the town of Nuh, an hour’s drive from Gurgaon, a new city born out of India’s IT outsourcing boom.

教室外面，越過一片黃燦燦的芥菜籽田和一群正在頂犄角的山羊，一所嶄新的高層醫(yī)學(xué)院在努赫鎮(zhèn)邊界的薄霧中拔地而起。努赫距離誕生自印度IT外包熱潮的新城古爾岡有一小時車程。

Of the 77 girls enrolled in the class only 40 are present today. And students are not the only absentees. Khurshid Ahmed, the headmaster, has just nine teachers for his 450 pupils.

這個班的花名冊上共有77名女童，今天只來了40人。而學(xué)生們并非唯一的缺勤者。校長胡爾系德·艾哈邁德(Khurshid Ahmed)只為450名學(xué)生配備了9名教師。

Three of them are missing despite a system he has introduced to dock teachers’ pay for absenteeism – a penalty of about Rs400 ($8) a day.

盡管校長制定了一套懲罰制度，對缺勤教師扣工資，大約每日扣400印度盧比（合8美元），但仍有3名教師曠工。

Some children were unable to read after three years of schooling across the Hindi-speaking northern belt of the country, only 66 per cent of children enrolled in primary classes showed up, teaching activity was “abysmally low” and “mindless” rote learning the norm.

在印度北部說印地語的地區(qū)，一些兒童在接受3年的學(xué)校教育后仍不具備閱讀能力，在報名入學(xué)的小學(xué)生中，只有66%上課，教學(xué)水平“低得可怕”，基本上就是“不動大腦”的死記硬背。

Indians receive on average 4.4 years of schooling. The ratio of students to teachers in Indian primary schools is three times higher than in China. A class in Bihar, one of the poorest states, can have as many as 92 pupils.

印度人的平均受教育年限為4.4年。印度小學(xué)的學(xué)生與教師比是中國的3倍。在印度最貧窮的比哈爾邦，一個班可能有多達92名學(xué)生。

Parents are turning to alternatives whether they are private schools of varying quality or charitable interventions.

父母們正轉(zhuǎn)向其它選擇，不是質(zhì)量不等的私立學(xué)校，就是慈善學(xué)校。

The girls there are dropouts from state schools, or come from conservative families uncomfortable with their daughters being in coeducational, mainstream education.

那里的女學(xué)生都是從公立學(xué)校退學(xué)的，或是來自于那些受不了讓他們的女兒接受男女混校的主流教育的保守家庭。

落后的教育之外是更嚴(yán)重的女嬰墮胎以及童婚交易。兩者并非是各自孤立的社會問題，越是欠缺教育的民眾，越傾向于不尊重女性。

童婚之惡

In the Indian farming village of Medina, 200km from Delhi, the narrow lanes are clogged with high-end sport utility vehicles, reflecting the prosperity brought by rising land values to this traditional community.

在印度距離德里200公里一個叫做Medina的村子里，一條條狹窄的巷子里停滿了高檔SUV，盡顯地價上漲給這個傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)村地區(qū)帶來的繁榮景象。

But Medina’s families are also using their new wealth to acquire a scarce local commodity: teenage girls to act as wives for the community’s growing cohorts of unmarried men.

當(dāng)?shù)厝思以诟辉Ｆ饋硪院螅查_始花錢去購買本地稀缺的一種商品：少女——給村里日益增多的一群光棍漢當(dāng)老婆。

A shortage of young women arising from decades of aggressive use of sex-selective abortion in northern breadbasket states – including Haryana, where Medina is located – is prompting families to turn to the impoverished east to secure females.

在印度北方的主要產(chǎn)糧區(qū)，包括Medina所在的哈里亞納邦，由于幾十年來選擇性墮胎現(xiàn)象極為泛濫，導(dǎo)致年輕女子稀缺，人們于是轉(zhuǎn)從貧困的東部地區(qū)買女人。

“At first, people were ashamed of bringing wives from outside, but now they don’t care – they pay and they bring,” says Ram Niwas, 68. “A woman is a child-bearing machine. Her only work is to bear children and cook.”

“起初，人們還為娶外族女人感到羞愧，但現(xiàn)在他們不在乎了。他們付錢，然后把女人帶回來?！?8歲的拉姆·尼瓦斯(Ram Niwas)說道，“女人就是生孩子的機器，她們唯一的工作就是生孩子和做飯?！?/p>

Three years ago, Mr Niwas paid Rs80,000 to buy Suman, now 19, from Assam state for his 35-year-old son. While some girls are cast out after delivering and weaning a boy, Suman still lives in the household following the birth of her own, though says she is beaten when she displeases her in-laws.

3年前，尼瓦斯花8萬盧比從阿薩姆邦給他35歲的兒子買了蘇曼(Suman)。蘇曼今年才19歲。一些生下男孩的女子，等到孩子斷奶后就會被趕走，但蘇曼生下兒子后仍然留在了這個家里。不過她說，每次惹公婆不高興了，她就會挨打。

For Mr Niwas it has been a good deal. “A water buffalo is still more expensive than one of these girls,” he says.

對尼瓦斯來說，這是一筆頂劃算的買賣。他說：“一頭水牛還比這樣的女孩貴呢?！?/p>

With the spread of ultrasound machines, what families in Haryana casually call “the wipeout” has become much easier. “The intensity of daughter aversion may reduce, but parents’ ability to act on that aversion is much higher now,” says Ena Singh of the UN Population Fund in Delhi.

隨著B超的普及，哈里亞納人所說的“消滅”變得輕而易舉?！皡拹号畠旱那榫w或許有所減輕，但父母在這種厭惡情緒的驅(qū)使下采取行動的能力卻大為提升?！甭?lián)合國人口基金會(UNFPA)駐德里的伊娜·辛格(Ena Singh)如此表示。

Yet experts believe more fundamental changes to the status of Indian women – better education and job opportunities – are required to give greater value to daughters and reverse the trend. These shifts are beginning, though at a slow pace.

不過，專家們認(rèn)為，必須對印度女性的地位進行更根本的改革，增加女性受教育和就業(yè)的機會，使女孩更加受重視，以扭轉(zhuǎn)當(dāng)前趨勢。目前印度已逐漸出現(xiàn)這些轉(zhuǎn)變。

詞匯總結(jié)

crouch [kra?t?]

v. 蹲；蹲伏

We were crouching in the bushes

我們蹲在樹叢里

monotone [?m?n?t??n]

adj. （聲音或外表）單調(diào)的，無變化的

He was seen on TV delivering platitudes about the crisis in a monotone voice.

人們看到他在電視上念經(jīng)似地就危機問題老調(diào)重彈。

abysmally [?'b?zm?l?]

adv. 極壞地；糟透地

I tried to convince them but I failed abysmally.我試圖使他們信服，但是徹底失敗了。

ultrasound ['?ltr?sa?nd]

n. 超聲波

I had an ultrasound scan to see how the pregnancy was progressing.

我進行了超聲波檢查，看看妊娠情況如何。

考研長難句57~58

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