隨著氣候變化加速，尋找化石燃料的清潔替代品比以往任何時(shí)候都更加緊迫。社會(huì)企業(yè)家 Vaitea Cowan 認(rèn)為綠色氫是答案。觀看她分享她的團(tuán)隊(duì)大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)電解器的工作——將水分離為其分子成分：氫和氧的設(shè)備——并展示它們?nèi)绾螏椭姑總€(gè)人都能負(fù)擔(dān)得起和使用綠色、無(wú)碳燃料?！斑@就是我們結(jié)束化石燃料時(shí)代的方式，”考恩說(shuō)。

We're going on a field trip together.?We're going back to middle school,?to chemistry class.?Do you remember this??It was an experiment we did with salt water,?a battery and two pencils.Guess what??The reaction you witnessed then is a key to tackling climate change.?Yes, at 14 years old, we already knew.And today, we have the means to replace fossil fuels with green hydrogen.?Let's walk through this.

們一起去實(shí)地考察。?我們要回中學(xué)，?上化學(xué)課。?你記得這個(gè)嗎？?這是我們用鹽水、?電池和兩支鉛筆做的實(shí)驗(yàn)。?你猜怎么著？您當(dāng)時(shí)目睹的反應(yīng)是應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的關(guān)鍵。?是的，在 14 歲時(shí)，我們就已經(jīng)知道了。?今天，我們有辦法用綠色氫代替化石燃料。?讓我們來(lái)看看這個(gè)。

The experiment I'm alluding to is called water electrolysis.?And it is a way to create hydrogen.?On Earth,?hydrogen is found in the greatest quantities in water:?H2O.?And when you use renewable electricity to split water into H and O,?that's green hydrogen.?And the device creating this reaction is called an electrolyzer.?There are other colors of hydrogen out there,?but they use fossil fuels.So we're not going to talk about those today,?they'll only make climate change worse.?We are talking about green hydrogen,which is 100 percent clean.?And the quickest path to scaling green hydrogen?is by mass producing electrolyzers.

我提到的實(shí)驗(yàn)叫做水電解。?這是一種制造氫氣的方法。?在地球上，水中的氫含量最多：?H2O。?當(dāng)你使用可再生電力將水分解成 H 和 O 時(shí)，?這就是綠色氫。?產(chǎn)生這種反應(yīng)的裝置稱(chēng)為電解槽。?那里還有其他顏色的氫，?但它們使用化石燃料。?所以我們今天不打算談?wù)撨@些，?它們只會(huì)讓氣候變化變得更糟。?我們談?wù)?的是 100% 清潔的綠色氫。?擴(kuò)大綠色氫氣規(guī)模的最快途徑?是大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)電解槽。

But first, why do we need green hydrogen??When we look at our global energy consumption today,?only 20 percent comes in the form of electricity or electrons.?This means the remaining 80 percent of our world's energy use?is in the forms of molecules.And while the world is making rapid progress?in greening our electricity,?we need to look towards our molecules as well.?Think about your industry, transport, heating and cooling sectors.They're all powered by molecules.?And yes, this means largely by fossil fuels:?coal, oil and gas.

但首先，為什么我們需要綠色氫？?當(dāng)我們審視今天的全球能源消耗時(shí)，?只有 20% 以電力或電子的形式出現(xiàn)。?這意味著我們世界剩余 80% 的能源使用?是分子形式。?雖然世界?在綠色電力方面取得了快速進(jìn)展，?但我們也需要關(guān)注我們的分子。?想想您的行業(yè)、運(yùn)輸、供暖和制冷行業(yè)。?它們都是由分子驅(qū)動(dòng)的。?是的，這主要是依靠化石燃料：?煤炭、石油和天然氣。

We won't be able to electrify all of our sectors.?And here's why.Let's start with an example from the industrial sector.?Molecules create the reaction,?not electrons.?To make steel the old way we first mine iron ore,?then burn coal to remove the oxygen from the iron mix.?Seven to nine percent of our world's CO2 emissionscome from this process.?It's the coal that provides the molecule,creating the reaction to get rid of the oxygen.?Electrons can't do that.?But what they can do?is power the device that creates green hydrogen.?And this clean molecule will create the reaction,attract the oxygen?and emit only water in the process.?So by changing the process,?we can eliminate up to 95 percent of our CO2 emissions.?And today, major European steel manufacturersare already building green hydrogen-based steel production processes.

我們將無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)所有部門(mén)的電氣化。?這就是為什么。?讓我們從工業(yè)領(lǐng)域的一個(gè)例子開(kāi)始。?分子產(chǎn)生反應(yīng)，?而不是電子。?要以舊方式煉鋼，我們首先開(kāi)采鐵礦石，?然后燃燒煤炭以去除鐵混合物中的氧氣。?我們世界上 7% 到 9% 的二氧化碳排放量?來(lái)自這個(gè)過(guò)程。?提供分子的是煤，?產(chǎn)生了去除氧氣的反應(yīng)。?電子無(wú)法做到這一點(diǎn)。?但他們能做?的是為制造綠色氫的設(shè)備提供動(dòng)力。?這種干凈的分子會(huì)產(chǎn)生反應(yīng)，?吸引氧氣?，在這個(gè)過(guò)程中只放出水。?因此，通過(guò)改變流程，?我們可以消除高達(dá) 95% 的二氧化碳排放量。?如今，歐洲主要鋼鐵制造商?已經(jīng)在構(gòu)建綠色的氫基鋼鐵生產(chǎn)工藝。

That's just one of the countless industrial processes,?small and big,?that need a molecule.

這只是無(wú)數(shù)工業(yè)過(guò)程中的一個(gè)，無(wú)論?大小，?都需要一個(gè)分子。

Another example, let's say,?that we can't use electricity for everything-everything is weight.?Take the aviation sector.?An 80-passenger aircraft flying on batteries.?Kind of impossible.?One would need more batteries just to fly the battery.?Hydrogen planes, though, they're taking off emission-free.?This is a 20-seater aircraft,?and its commercial flights are scheduled two years from now.?And by 2026,?we'll be welcoming the 80-seater.And these are just two examples?of how we can end our reliance on fossil fuels.

另一個(gè)例子，假設(shè)?我們不能用電來(lái)做所有事情——一切都是重量。以航空業(yè)為例。?一架可容納 80 名乘客的飛機(jī)依靠電池飛行。?有點(diǎn)不可能。?一個(gè)人需要更多的電池才能讓電池飛起來(lái)。?不過(guò)，氫飛機(jī)是無(wú)排放起飛的。?這是一架 20 座的飛機(jī)，?其商業(yè)航班計(jì)劃在兩年后進(jìn)行。?到 2026 年，?我們將迎來(lái) 80 個(gè)座位。?這些只是?我們?nèi)绾谓Y(jié)束對(duì)化石燃料的依賴(lài)的兩個(gè)例子。

The world is turning to green hydrogen?because it is effectively coupling those hard-to-decarbonize sectors?with green electricity.?An electrolyzer connected to solar and wind power generation?is transforming green electrons into green molecules.Green hydrogen is transforming our renewable electricity?into an energy carrier that is extremely versatile.?And today, this clean molecule is already being used?in a wide range of applications.?It can be combusted directly as a fuel and emits zero carbon emissions.?It's also being turned into hydrogen-derived fuels?like green ammonia, green methanol,?which can fuel global shipping.Green hydrogen is being stored across seasons without losing energy,?like here in the Alps.?And it can then be used in a fuel cell to create electricity emitting only water,?like in this remote village in Malaysia.

0世界正在轉(zhuǎn)向綠色氫?，因?yàn)樗行У貙⒛切╇y以脫碳的行業(yè)?與綠色電力結(jié)合起來(lái)。?連接太陽(yáng)能和風(fēng)力發(fā)電的電解槽?正在將綠色電子轉(zhuǎn)化為綠色分子。?綠色氫正在將我們的可再生電力?轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橛猛緩V泛的能源載體。?今天，這種干凈的分子已經(jīng)被?廣泛用于各種應(yīng)用。?它可以作為燃料直接燃燒，碳排放量為零。?它還被轉(zhuǎn)化為氫衍生燃料，如綠色氨、綠色甲醇，?可為全球航運(yùn)提供燃料。?綠色氫氣在不損失能量的情況下跨季節(jié)儲(chǔ)存，?就像在阿爾卑斯山一樣。?然后可以將其用于燃料電池中，以產(chǎn)生僅排放水的電力，?就像在馬來(lái)西亞這個(gè)偏遠(yuǎn)的村莊一樣。

Hydrogen is one of the most energy-dense molecules,?and by mass it contains three times as much energy than diesel.?So you might be wondering, well,?why aren't we using this already everywhere??And so previously, the reason was the cost of green electricity.?But that's no longer the bottleneck.?So what's the challenge??It's the speed, scale and cost of making these green hydrogen generators.?Luckily,?people are already working on making green hydrogen a reality.?Because to make green hydrogen the fuel source of the future,?it needs to be cheaper than fossil fuels.?And this means?electrolyzers are going to need to be really, really cheap.

氫是能量密度最高的分子之一，?按質(zhì)量計(jì)算，它所含的能量是柴油的三倍。?所以你可能想知道，好吧，?為什么我們不到處使用它呢？所以以前，原因是綠色電力的成本。?但這不再是瓶頸。?那么挑戰(zhàn)是什么？?這是制造這些綠色氫氣發(fā)生器的速度、規(guī)模和成本。?幸運(yùn)的是，?人們已經(jīng)在努力使綠色氫成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。?因?yàn)橐咕G色氫成為未來(lái)的燃料來(lái)源，?它需要比化石燃料更便宜。?這意味著?電解槽需要非常非常便宜。

We started Enapter in 2017?with this one goal in mind and urgency in our hearts.?And so we chose a means?that is a bit different from how others in the industry proceed.?We turned to economic history?for approaches that scaled fast and reduced prices significantly.?And the answer was clear.?If you want to take a solution around the globe as quickly as possible,?you need to make it a standardized, mass-produced commodity.?A product that's easy to make and use.?And so some believe we need larger machines.?But we believe the electrolyser should be a standardized,?mass-produced commodity.?A product that can make green hydrogen anywhere for anyone.

我們?cè)?2017 年啟動(dòng)了 Enapter，?并牢記這一目標(biāo)并在我們心中緊迫。?因此，我們選擇了一種?與業(yè)內(nèi)其他人的運(yùn)作方式略有不同的方式。?我們求助于經(jīng)濟(jì)史?，尋找能夠快速擴(kuò)大規(guī)模并顯著降低價(jià)格的方法。?答案很明確。?如果您想盡快在全球范圍內(nèi)采用解決方案，則需要使其成為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)商品。?易于制作和使用的產(chǎn)品。所以有些人認(rèn)為我們需要更大的機(jī)器。?但我們認(rèn)為電解槽應(yīng)該是一種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的、?大批量生產(chǎn)的商品。?一種可以在任何地方為任何人制造綠色氫氣的產(chǎn)品。

So to better understand our approach, let me draw an analogy.Up until the ’80s, mainframe computers,?they were considered the future of computing.?They were huge and complex equipment,?and they were designed for businesses only.?Then came the PC,?and at first people laughed and wondered:?Why would we ever need such a tiny computer??But ultimately, it disrupted the industry.?And today, data centers, they use blade servers, which is PC technology.?Why??Because the PC became a compact,?standardized and mass-producible product?that was cheap to make, easy to build,?and that could be used in any kinds of context.?It's time to do this with green hydrogen.

因此，為了更好地理解我們的方法，讓我打個(gè)比方。?直到 80 年代，大型計(jì)算機(jī)?都被認(rèn)為是計(jì)算的未來(lái)。?它們是巨大而復(fù)雜的設(shè)備，?它們只為企業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)。?然后是個(gè)人電腦，?起初人們笑了，想知道：?為什么我們需要這么小的電腦？?但最終，它擾亂了這個(gè)行業(yè)。而今天，數(shù)據(jù)中心，他們使用刀片服務(wù)器，這是 PC 技術(shù)。?為什么？?因?yàn)閭€(gè)人電腦成為了一種緊湊、?標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和可大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品，制造成本低、易于構(gòu)建，?并且可以在任何環(huán)境中使用。?是時(shí)候用綠色氫來(lái)做這件事了。

To this end,?Enapter is designing all of its electrolyzers as products?and not projects.?At the heart of our electrolyser is an electrolysis core?generating green hydrogen,?and it is the foundation for all of our products.?And we're taking these core stacks?and other components of our electrolyzers into mass production.?And so instead of building larger electrolyzers,?we're building compact ones?that can be combined to achieving any hydrogen quantity needed.?And we believe this is the quickest way to scale green hydrogen?and drive down its price.

為此，?Enapter 將其所有電解槽設(shè)計(jì)為產(chǎn)品?而非項(xiàng)目。?我們電解槽的核心是?產(chǎn)生綠色氫的電解核心，?它是我們所有產(chǎn)品的基礎(chǔ)。?我們正在將這些核心堆棧?和我們電解槽的其他組件投入批量生產(chǎn)。?因此，?我們不是建造更大的電解槽，而是建造緊湊的電解槽，這些電解槽?可以組合起來(lái)以達(dá)到所需的任何氫氣量。?我們相信這是擴(kuò)大綠色氫氣規(guī)模并降低其價(jià)格的最快方式。

And the next step?is going into mass production.?This is our campus.?And it's going to be fully powered by renewables, of course,?and that's where we'll be tackling speed, scale and cost.By focusing on one single core size,?we can leverage massive economies of scale?and drive down the price of green hydrogen.

下一步?是進(jìn)入批量生產(chǎn)。?這是我們的校園。?當(dāng)然，它將完全由可再生能源提供動(dòng)力，?這就是我們要解決速度、規(guī)模和成本問(wèn)題的地方。?通過(guò)專(zhuān)注于單一核心尺寸，?我們可以利用大規(guī)模的規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)并降低綠色氫的價(jià)格。

Because that’s what it’s all about:?making green hydrogen cheaper than fossil fuels.?We have the means to make green hydrogen the fuel source of the future.?It's time to listen to our 14-year-old selves?and the 14-year-olds of today.?Our generation has a unique opportunity.?It's time for the next industrial revolution.?We can build our world's energy supplies sustainably,made of a lot of green electricity?and a wave of green hydrogen molecules.

因?yàn)檫@就是它的全部意義所在：?使綠色氫比化石燃料更便宜。?我們有辦法讓綠色氫成為未來(lái)的燃料來(lái)源。?是時(shí)候傾聽(tīng)我們 14 歲的自己?和今天 14 歲的孩子了。?我們這一代人擁有獨(dú)特的機(jī)會(huì)。?是下一次工業(yè)革命的時(shí)候了。?我們可以可持續(xù)地建立我們世界的能源供應(yīng)，?由大量的綠色電力?和一波綠色氫分子組成。