外刊讀寫譯|《衛(wèi)報》之高考的意義是什么?
寫在前面
今年的高考終于落下帷幕,對大部分中國學(xué)生來說,高考是必經(jīng)之路,也是寒窗苦讀多年熱切盼望的終點線。而外刊是怎么評價這場考試的呢?
今天,我們就通過一段來自《衛(wèi)報》的文章,來回顧人生旅途中這非比尋常的兩天吧!
文本精讀
Is China’s gaokao the world’s toughest school exam?
Chinese children must endure years of stress and impossible expectations preparing for their final school exam. The students who do best can look forward to glittering careers and even good marriage prospects. But for the less successful, the system is brutal.
首先,我們來看看標題和導(dǎo)語部分。
Is China’s gaokao the world’s?toughestschool exam?
標題——中國的高考是世界上最難的考試嗎?以問句形式呈現(xiàn),設(shè)置懸念,也引發(fā)讀者興趣。tough一詞在該語境中指“艱難的,困難的”( difficult to do or deal with),應(yīng)用范圍極廣,部分情況下可以和difficult互換。
比如,tough可以用來形容問題等具體事物的困難程度。?It was?a tough race. The reporters were asking?a lot of tough questions.
也常用tough來修飾life, time,year等,形容“日子、經(jīng)歷的艱辛不易”。
She’s had?a tough life.
她命途多舛。
The company admitted that it had been?a tough year.
而tough用來修飾人時,可形容人在體力和精神上的強大,并能夠應(yīng)對艱難處境。如《老人與?!防锏闹魅宋叹褪恰皥詮娪矟h”的代表,我們也可用俚語as tough as boots/nails來形容他。
①Chinese children must?endure years of stress and impossible expectationspreparing for their final school exam.?
在準備學(xué)生生涯最后一場考試時,中國的孩子必須忍受長時間的壓力和無望的期望。
這句話概括了大部分中國孩子的備考狀態(tài),用到的核心動詞是endure,endure一詞做及物動詞時,意為“忍受,忍耐”(suffer something painful or difficult patiently)。preparing for...是現(xiàn)在分詞做伴隨狀語。

美劇《紙牌屋》中,有這樣一句臺詞:
Nothing can help us?endure dark timesbetter than our faith.
沒什么比信仰更能支撐我們度過艱難時光了。
《經(jīng)濟學(xué)人》也曾用endure一詞,比較了兩相關(guān)利益方承受的政治壓力:
The political pressure Mr Powell endured was nothing compared with Turkey's central bank.
與土耳其央行相比,鮑威爾所承受的政治壓力可以說微不足道。
而endure做不及物動詞時,則表示“持續(xù),長存”(remain in existence)之意,類似于last.
Donald Trump在此前的每周電視講話中,曾有一句非常鼓舞人心的話,我們一起看看:
Arm-in-arm, we will strive,?we will endure, and we will emerge stronger than ever before.
我們會攜手共同奮斗,會堅韌不拔,會變得比以往更加強大。
years of stress and impossible expectations里的years of表示“多年,數(shù)年的”,在不確定具體年數(shù)時,我們往往可以用到該短語。
CRI在線的一個例句:
After?years of effort, the rail route now stretches 11-thousand kilometers.
經(jīng)過數(shù)年的努力,這條線路已經(jīng)綿延11000公里。
②The students who do best can?look forward to glittering careers and even good marriage prospects. But for the less successful, the system is?brutal.
這兩句話就考試成功者和發(fā)揮不佳者的未來進行了對比:對優(yōu)勝者而言,高考意味著他們能盡情暢想未來——光明的就業(yè)前景和更多的婚戀選擇。而對考場失意者而言,高考制度卻是殘酷的。
look forward to (doing)是一個常見短語,表示“期待,期盼”,用在這里是為了表示優(yōu)勝者的期盼都將成為現(xiàn)實,glittering careers中,glittering來源于動詞glitter(“閃光”),該形容詞除了表示“閃閃發(fā)光的”,還可比喻“輝煌,奪目的”(impressively successful or elaborate),在此處指“光明的就業(yè)前景”。而“就業(yè)前景”一詞也常用career prospects表示,prospect表示“前景”,比如,在此前的英語專四聽力原文中,就提到了該短語:
I am sure that?career prospects?in the industry will be very good no matter what sort of job I went into.
我相信,無論我從事什么樣的工作,這個行業(yè)的職業(yè)前景都會很好。

good marriage prospects表示“好的婚戀前景”,也可以理解為:更多的婚戀選擇。
the system is brutal.system一詞在此處指高考制度(Gaokao system )。brutal一詞常表示“殘暴,野蠻的”,在此處表示該制度對某些人而言,意味著殘酷的結(jié)果。
接著,我們來看第二段:
For two days in early June every year, China comes to a standstill as high school students who are about to graduate take their college entrance exams. Literally the “higher examination”, the gaokao is a national event on a par with a public holiday, but much less fun. Construction work is halted near examination halls, so as not to disturb the students, and traffic is diverted. Ambulances are on call outside in case of nervous collapses, and police cars patrol to keep the streets quiet. Radio talkshow hosts discuss the format and questions in painstaking detail, and when the results come out, the top scorers are feted nationally. A high or low mark determines life opportunities and earning potential. That score is the most important number of any Chinese child’s life, the culmination of years of schooling, memorisation and constant stress.
①For two days in early June every year, China?comes to a standstill?as high school students who are about to graduate take their college entrance exams.?
每年六月初,隨著臨近畢業(yè)的高中生參加高考,中國總會有兩天仿佛陷入了停滯。
這句話描述了舉國上下在高考那兩天的整體氛圍——仿佛陷入停滯,用到的短語是come to a standstill。standstill意為“停滯狀態(tài)”(a situation or condition in which there is no movement or activity at all),此處作者的用意是凸顯高考的極其重要性,在這兩天內(nèi),由于一切都圍繞高考展開,其他活動暫時停擺。
而交通水泄不通,陷入停滯時,我們也可以用這個短語形象說明:
The traffic?came to a standstill.
此外,be at a standstill也是常用短語,例如:CNN在描述新冠疫情帶來的影響時,這樣說道:
Because of the global coronavirus pandemic, commerce is?at a standstill.
由于全球冠狀病毒大流行,商業(yè)活動陷于停滯。
②Literally?the “higher examination”, the gaokao is a national event?on a par with?a public holiday, but much less fun.?
“高考”一詞的字面意思為“高級考試”,是一項全國性事件,影響力堪比法定節(jié)假日,但又不如后者有趣。
literally是literal的副詞形式,此處表示“逐字地”(exactly as written or said),比如,我們很熟悉的意大利甜點提拉米蘇,字面意思就是“帶我走”。tiramisu,?literally translated?"pick me up".
(be)on a par with表示“與...不相上下”,也就是“與...相媲美”“堪比...”之意。《萬物簡史》中,有這樣一句話:
At the same time he showed himself to be a peerless anatomist with instincts for reconstruction almost?on a par with?the great Cuvier in Paris.
與此同時,他證明了自己是個無與倫比的解剖學(xué)家,具有很強的復(fù)原本能,幾乎可以與偉大地巴黎古生物學(xué)家居維葉相比。
public holiday即“公共假日,法定假日”,根據(jù)維基百科的解釋,public holiday也叫做:national holiday或者legal holiday.以下為原文:A public holiday, national holiday, or legal holiday is a holiday generally established by law and is usually a non-working day during the year.
而該話題也曾是2019年1月份的雅思口語話題,可能會涉及到中國慶祝法定假日的習(xí)俗,中西方節(jié)日習(xí)俗的差異等。比如:What public holidays do you have in your country?Do people in your country celebrate Christmas?What do other people in your country usually do on public holidays?
口語和翻譯、寫作都是對輸出的考驗,只有多留心多積累,才能做到侃侃而談,下筆有神。
③Construction work?is halted?near examination halls, so as not to disturb the students, and traffic is diverted. Ambulances are on call outside in case of nervous collapses, and police cars patrol to keep the streets quiet. Radio talkshow hosts discuss the format and questions?in painstaking detail?and when the results come out, the top scorers are feted nationally.?
這幾句話生動描述了各行各業(yè)在高考期間的活動。
construction work is halted是指“施工活動被暫?!保琱alt既可做及物,又可做不及物動詞,表示“(使)...停止”,來看一個例句, Safety concerns have led them to?halt work?on the dam.出于安全考慮,他們停止了對大壩施工。此外,halt一詞還常做名詞,和不同動詞構(gòu)成短語,頻繁出現(xiàn)在外刊文章中。比如,對某事叫停,英文會用:call a halt to sth. 例:我敦促責(zé)任方叫停暴力行動。I urge those responsible to call a halt to the violence.
再比如,come/grind/screech to a halt,表示“停止前進或運行”,有時候也可用come to a grinding halt或come to a screeching halt。grind作動詞時,表示“發(fā)出刺耳的摩擦聲”,screech類似,也表示“發(fā)出尖利的嘎吱作響聲”,用在短語中,嘎吱嘎吱作響后,逐漸停下來的景象就躍然紙上。
例如,《經(jīng)濟學(xué)人》在描述家政服務(wù)群體對經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)生的影響時:
WITHOUT them many an economy would?grind to a halt:?the global army of between 50m and 100m domestic workers, most of them women and children.
全球約有五千萬到一億的家政服務(wù)大軍,如果沒有他們,許多經(jīng)濟體會陷入一潭死水。他們中的大多數(shù)人是婦女和兒童。
④《新視野大學(xué)英語》教材中也有關(guān)于該短語的例句:
Nations that take such steps will lose balance. Social and economic progress will?grind to a halt?and the negative side of this transformation will eliminate more and more jobs.
采取這類措施的國家會失去平衡。社會和經(jīng)濟上的進步會慢慢停滯下來,而且越來越多的工作崗位會因為這種改革的負面作用而消失。
in detail是“細致地,詳盡地”,而如何進一步深化細致的程度呢?答案就是在detail前加上相關(guān)形容詞,比如painstaking,這個詞表示“細心的”(done with or employing great care and thoroughness)。
⑤A high or low mark?determines life opportunities and earning potential.?That score is the most important number of any Chinese child’s life,?the culmination ofyears of schooling, memorisation and constant stress.
高考分數(shù)的高低決定了未來的人生機遇和收入水平。在每個中國孩子的一生中,高考分數(shù)是最重要的指標,是多年求學(xué)、記憶新知舊識和升學(xué)壓力的結(jié)晶。
determine表示“決定”,其形容詞形式determining(決定性的)也是高頻詞匯,比如“決定性因素”,a determining factor,亦作a deciding factor。
culmination表示“結(jié)果”、“告終”,來源于動詞culminate,做“結(jié)果,成果”時,可替換result。例:The show marked?the culmination of?months of hard work.
這場演出標志著幾個月艱辛工作的最終成果。
如若想積累更多有關(guān)“成果,結(jié)果,產(chǎn)物”的詞,可看看這篇文章:全新欄目|熱點話題翻譯思路拆解之5G時代
寫作應(yīng)用
在上面的文本精讀中,我們學(xué)習(xí)了不少短語和句型,在「寫作應(yīng)用」這個板塊,我們來一起總結(jié)一下:
「(光明的)就業(yè)前景」的說法:glittering careers;career prospects;
「某事很殘酷」的表達:sth is brutal;
「陷入停滯」的兩種表達方式:come to a standstill/halt; come/screech/grind to a halt;
「描述A與B不相上下」的一個短語:be on a par with...;
「決定性因素」的說法:a deciding/determining fator;
「表示“結(jié)果”,代替result」的另一個詞:culmination。
全文翻譯
Is China’s gaokao the world’s toughest school exam?
中國高考——世界最難考試?
Chinese children must endure years of stress and impossible expectations preparing for their final school exam. The students who do best can look forward to glittering careers and even good marriage prospects. But for the less successful, the system is brutal.
在準備學(xué)生生涯最后一場考試時,中國的孩子必須忍受長時間的壓力和無望的期望。對優(yōu)勝者而言,高考意味著他們能盡情暢想未來——光明的就業(yè)前景和更多的婚戀選擇。而對考場失意者而言,高考制度卻是殘酷的。
For two days in early June every year, China comes to a standstill as high school students who are about to graduate take their college entrance exams. Literally the “higher examination”, the gaokao is a national event on a par with a public holiday, but much less fun. Construction work is halted near examination halls, so as not to disturb the students, and traffic is diverted. Ambulances are on call outside in case of nervous collapses, and police cars patrol to keep the streets quiet. Radio talkshow hosts discuss the format and questions in painstaking detail, and when the results come out, the top scorers are feted nationally. A high or low mark determines life opportunities and earning potential. That score is the most important number of any Chinese child’s life, the culmination of years of schooling, memorisation and constant stress.
每年六月初,隨著臨近畢業(yè)的高中生參加高考,中國總會有兩天陷入停滯狀態(tài)?!案呖肌币辉~的字面意思為“高等(學(xué)校招生)考試”,是一場全國性考試,影響力堪比法定節(jié)假日,但不如后者有趣。高考期間,考場附近的施工活動暫停,以防打擾考生,交通方面實行管制,改道通行。救護車隨時待命,以應(yīng)對暈厥等突發(fā)狀況的發(fā)生。警車巡邏確保街道安靜。電臺脫口秀主持人極其細致地分析考試格式和題型。結(jié)果出爐后,最高分考生將受到全國上下熱情款待。得分高低決定了未來的人生機遇和收入水平。在每個中國孩子的一生中,高考分數(shù)是最重要的指標,是多年求學(xué)、記憶新知舊識和升學(xué)壓力的結(jié)晶。
最后祝所有考生高考大捷!迎接下一階段,閃閃發(fā)光的大學(xué)生涯!