【轉(zhuǎn)載】發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019年12月20日

來(lái)源：中華思想文化術(shù)語(yǔ)

作者：《中華思想文化術(shù)語(yǔ)》編委會(huì)

詩(shī)史

Historical Poetry

指詩(shī)歌的內(nèi)容能夠真實(shí)反映某一歷史時(shí)期廣闊的社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)和重大的歷史事件而具有“史”的價(jià)值。《詩(shī)經(jīng)》有些詩(shī)篇反映當(dāng)時(shí)歷史，孔子據(jù)此提出《詩(shī)經(jīng)》“可以觀”，即包含了對(duì)《詩(shī)經(jīng)》以詩(shī)征史的肯定，漢代學(xué)者很看重詩(shī)歌承載歷史的功能。后來(lái)的詩(shī)論家大都強(qiáng)調(diào)優(yōu)秀詩(shī)歌須將審美與反映現(xiàn)實(shí)結(jié)合起來(lái)，從而彰顯詩(shī)歌的審美與認(rèn)識(shí)、教育功能的統(tǒng)一。唐代詩(shī)人杜甫的詩(shī)歌被稱作“詩(shī)史”，就是因?yàn)樗脑?shī)能夠反映“安史之亂”時(shí)的真實(shí)社會(huì)，體現(xiàn)出深刻的憂國(guó)憂民之情。

This term refers to poetry that reflects social realities and major events of a historical period, thus possessing historical value. Some of the poems in "The Book of Songs" were about the realities of its time, which prompted Confucius to exclaim that "'The Book of Songs' enables one to understand society." This means that he viewed "The Book of Songs" as using poetry to reflect history. Han-dynasty scholars stressed the importance of poetry as a means of recording history. Subsequently, Chinese scholars of poetry believed that poetry should reflect reality through aesthetic means so as to provide aesthetic enjoyment, understanding as well as education. The poems of Tang poet Du Fu are called "historical poetry" because they reflected what the country went through during the An Lushan-Shi Siming Rebellion and the author's acute sense of sadness about the misery the country and its people suffered in times of national crisis.

引例 Citations：

◎杜逢祿山之難，流離隴蜀，畢陳于詩(shī)，推見(jiàn)至隱，殆無(wú)遺事，故當(dāng)時(shí)號(hào)為“詩(shī)史”。（孟棨《本事詩(shī)?高逸第三》）

杜甫遭逢安祿山叛亂引發(fā)的災(zāi)難，先后漂泊甘肅、四川一帶，所經(jīng)歷的一切，全都寫(xiě)在詩(shī)中，后人由此推知發(fā)現(xiàn)[當(dāng)時(shí)歷史事件的]很多隱約細(xì)節(jié)，幾乎沒(méi)有什么遺漏，所以當(dāng)時(shí)人稱他的詩(shī)為“詩(shī)史”。

Du Fu fled to the provinces of Gansu and Sichuan to escape turbulences caused by the An Lushan-Shi Siming Rebellion and wrote about his experiences in poems. As his poems gave vivid and detailed accounts about events of the time, they became known as "historical poetry." (Meng Qi: The Story of Poetry)

◎昔人評(píng)杜詩(shī)為詩(shī)史，蓋其以詠歌之辭，寓紀(jì)載之實(shí)，而抑揚(yáng)褒貶之意，粲然于其中，雖謂之史可也。（文天祥《集杜詩(shī)自序》）

過(guò)去的人評(píng)價(jià)杜甫詩(shī)為“詩(shī)史”，大概是因?yàn)樗軌蛞栽?shī)歌形式記載真實(shí)的事件，同時(shí)批評(píng)譏刺與表?yè)P(yáng)贊美的意旨顯然蘊(yùn)含其中,所以稱他的詩(shī)為史完全合適。